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Index

B H
Bipolar membranes, 146, 154, 162, 163, Hydroelectricity, 84, 85, 90–91
166–176 Hydropower, 3, 4, 84–86, 90–95, 113
Brine management, 5, 6, 145–181
Building life cycle, 118, 126
I
Industrial parks, 1, 2, 7–13, 17–19, 29,
C 35–47, 49
Carbon dioxide capture, 5, 145–181 Industrial water use, 39, 45, 46
Clean production, 17

M
D Maintenance, 4, 5, 117–141, 179
Desalination, 5, 6, 146–152, 154 Methodologies, 1, 4, 23, 29, 50, 59–61, 63, 85,
92, 93, 95–97, 104, 111, 114, 118,
125–131, 134, 141
E
Electrodialysis, 6, 146, 152–181
Embodied water, 5, 126, 128 S
Environmental impacts, 4–6, 12, 13, 17, 19, 20, Selective membranes, 164–166, 177–179
23, 26, 29–31, 34, 45, 48–50, 58, 80, 85, Sustainability, 1–6, 9, 12, 13, 16, 19, 48, 50,
86, 92, 117–119, 121, 125–128, 138, 57–80, 84, 85, 95, 113, 118, 122, 123,
140, 148, 151, 177 125, 128, 176
Evaporation, 3, 4, 61, 74, 75, 85–93, 95, Sustainable practices, 2, 6, 15, 39, 46
97–102, 104–114, 148, 150, 151

W
F Water footprint components, 14, 67, 68, 73–75
Freshwater resources, 1, 2, 17, 57, 58, 146 Water footprint (WF), 1–51, 57–80, 83–114,
117–141

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to 185
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
S. S. Muthu (ed.), Sustainability and Water Footprint, Environmental Footprints and
Eco-design of Products and Processes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70810-7
186 Index

Water management, 1, 3, 6, 19, 21–23, 27, 31, Water resources management, 63


33, 39, 50, 58, 70, 72, 74–76, 79 Water scarcity, 1–3, 15, 29, 57–59, 70, 76,
Water poverty, 2, 3, 58, 59, 62, 70, 78, 79 78–80, 84, 146, 151
Water quality, 8, 9, 12–15, 17, 18, 20–23, 26, Water Stress Index (WSI), 2, 3, 58, 60, 61,
29, 31–35, 39–43, 45, 47–50, 147, 151 68–69
Water reduction strategies, 59 Wheat and rice, 2, 3, 57–80

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