Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Experiment investigation and analysis of fish scale reinforced polymer

composite materials
P. Raja Sekaran a, S. Ganesh Kumar a,⇑, J. Anix Joel Singh b, J. Vairamuthu c
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Er.Perumal Manimekalai College of Engineering, Koneripalli, Hosur 635 117, India
b
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ponjesly College of Engineering, Parvathipuram, Nagercoil 629 003, India
c
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti 626 115, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Due to the establishment of disposal methods for fish scale powder reinforced plastics. Among various
Received 30 July 2020 natural fiber, fish scale powder fiber is of particular interest in that its composites have eco-friendly nat-
Accepted 5 August 2020 ural it’s a low cost, and ease of availability and food waste material. The paper mainly concentrated on the
Available online xxxx
reinforcement of polymer plastics with different proportions of fish scale fiber powder composites. These
composites are subjected to the shear stress to find the fracture. The manipulate of fish scale normal fiber
Keywords: operating (5–25v/v %) on the material properties of the Epoxy LY-556 was performed. The working mate-
Composite
rials were manufactured by compression molding. The better substance properties were recorded in 20v/
Epoxy
Fish scale
v% fish scale natural fiber. The uniform allotment of the fish scale in the epoxy matrix is to produce a good
Tensile strength material structure. At the same time bonding strength between fiber and matrix is improved. The fiber
Flexural strength with 25 v/v% is consists of a bunch of fish scales.
Hardness Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
ence on Nanotechnology: Ideas, Innovation and Industries.

1. Introduction of the coir was produced and kept under different material tests
[28]. The good interfacial strength was attained in natural fibers
Composite materials have been applied for construction pur- with alkali treatment [29]. The mechanical properties were
poses for the past many centuries [1]. Therefore, the real use and enhanced through alkaline and silane treated tamarind fiber with
application of fiber-reinforced composite were started only around epoxy compound [30]. The developed substance properties and
1960, when glass fibers came into the market [2]. The natural adhesion property between fiber matrixes were analyzed [31].
fibers/fillers particulate has been attractive properties compared The dimensional stability and strengths were improved in
to other [3–10]. Several kinds of research on the characteristics biological-based materials [32]. The experimentation was con-
of synthetic resin and fiber-reinforced plastics were studied ducted and analyzed the weight percentages of fish scale fiber
[11–19]. Polymer-based combinations played a crucial role in [33]. The present effort is to conduct various experiments and sub-
engineering applications [20]. The experimental investigation stance properties of fish scale reinforced polymer compounds.
was conducted on coir fiber polyester resin and concluded that coir
fiber length was the main factor to effects the mechanical proper- 2. Experimental details
ties [21–24]. The various strengths were found in coconut shell
powder with PVC and it was recommended to automobile applica- 2.1. Materials and methods
tion [25]. The substance comparison was carried out between the
synthesized polymer matrix between coconut shell powder and The skin of fishes was covered with different scales. The size,
groundnut shell powder with various fractions [26]. The better ten- shape, structure, and strength may differ with nature. The mor-
sile strength and impact strength was obtained in coconut shell phology of a scale was used to can be used to recognize the species
powder based polymer composite [27]. The diverse weight fraction of fish and its form. The placoid scale consists of sharks and rays.
The bony fishes were enclosed with various scales such as ctenoid
⇑ Corresponding author. scales or ganoids scales. It has been recommended that the scales
E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Ganesh Kumar). of bony fishes have been teeth based structure with a shield layer

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.059
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Nanotechnology: Ideas, Innovation and Industries.

Please cite this article as: P. Raja Sekaran, S. Ganesh Kumar, J. Anix Joel Singh et al., Experiment investigation and analysis of fish scale reinforced polymer
composite materials, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.059
2 P. Raja Sekaran et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Table 1
Mass and volume contribution.

Specimen Mass% (gram)

Fish scale Epoxy Mass of fish scale Mass of matrix
1 10 90 69.12 255.15
2 15 85 103.5 240.97
3 20 80 138.24 226.8
4 25 75 172.8 212.6
5 30 70 207.3 198.45
6 35 65 241.92 184.27
7 40 60 170.1 276.48

of mucus. Hardener used HY951 and Reinforcement saw dust shell

powder and ground nutshell powder in addition to releasing Table 2
agents. Silicon spray Specimen plate dimension: Results of tensile strength as per ASTM D638.
300  300  3 mm. The volume fraction and mass percentage Speciemen Volume % Tensile strength (N/mm2)
specified in Table 1.
Fish scale Epoxy
1 10 90 33
3. Results and discussions 2 15 85 22.2
3 20 80 16
3.1. Material testing 4 25 75 16.5
5 30 70 26.4
6 35 65 9.8
The tested samples were prepared and shown in Fig. 1. It cut 7 40 60 24.2
into the desired shape as per ASTM standard D638, D790, D256.
The results of the experimental study and discussion of results
are presented in this section. The performance analysis of the fish 4.1. Tensile strength
scale reinforced biopolymer material of various compositions placed
under tensile, impact, flexural, and hardness experimentation. The tensile strengths for 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, v/v%
of the fiber materials were 33, 22.1, 16, 16.5, 26.4, 9.8 and 24.6
4. Tensile testing N/mm2 respectively. The tensile properties were increased due to
the accumulation of fiber material. The uniform allotment and
The tensile strength was evaluated for the ASTM D638 standard matrix strength between fish scale and epoxy resin to provide bet-
specimen (165x20x3mm). The experimental results of tensile ter experimental results.
strength were specified in Table 2.
The tensile test of epoxy resin composites with different v/v% of
fish scale fiber shown in Fig. 2. The figure shows the properties of 5. Flexural testing
substance have been improved.
From Fig. 3(a)–(f), it can be shown that the stress and strain as This test is performed under the samples with ASTM standard
per the various percentages of fish scale composition like as 15%, D790. The sample shape and size were 130  12.7  3 mm. The
20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% respectively. investigated results were listed in Table 3.

Fig. 1. (a)-(c) Test samples for the desired dimensions.

Please cite this article as: P. Raja Sekaran, S. Ganesh Kumar, J. Anix Joel Singh et al., Experiment investigation and analysis of fish scale reinforced polymer
composite materials, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.059
 P. Raja Sekaran et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx 3

Fig. 2. Stress vs strain as per 10% fish scale composition.

Fig. 3. Stress vs strain as per the various percentage of fish scale composition.

Please cite this article as: P. Raja Sekaran, S. Ganesh Kumar, J. Anix Joel Singh et al., Experiment investigation and analysis of fish scale reinforced polymer
composite materials, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.059
4 P. Raja Sekaran et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Table 3  Hence, fish scale with epoxy resin was considered as natural
Flexural strength of specimens as per ASTM D790. fiber and is used for various applications.
Specimen Volume % Flexural strength (N/mm2)
Fish scale Epoxy
Declaration of Competing Interest
1 10 90 33.9
2 15 85 48.7
3 20 80 29.4 The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
4 25 75 44.5 cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
5 30 70 63.6 to influence the work reported in this paper.
6 35 65 57.2
7 40 60 46.6
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Please cite this article as: P. Raja Sekaran, S. Ganesh Kumar, J. Anix Joel Singh et al., Experiment investigation and analysis of fish scale reinforced polymer
composite materials, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.059