By:

Jun Allen Cruz

John Paulo Landicho
Juan Miguel Limbo
Apollo Macabudbud
Eric Malubay
Angelo Somosierra
Aaron Ygnacio
Roberto Salvador Gonzales Jr.
What is the coverage of Tribology?

The study of surfaces is known as tribology, which more precisely refers to the study of objects
that rub. It covers friction, which is the resistance to motion caused by two moving bodies in
contact to each other. Wear is the material loss resulted by motion, frequently through friction.
for observants, it is the loss of efficiency to work. and lubrication, the use of a certain kind of
fluid suitable for the operation to reduce friction that results of wearing the parts.
We can now say that tribology covers the rubbing phenomena of anything, in this case the
mechanical engineers use it to monitor friction that results wear. with the right analyzation done
the engineers can now perform the right maintenance needed for the parts and that includes
lubrication.

Differentiate Tribology from Lubrication

Tribology is the study of science and technology of interacting surfaces (as bodily joints) in relative
motion. The term "tribology" is derived from the Greek term "tribos," which literally means rubbing.
It is a branch of mechanical engineering that includes the study and application of friction, wear
and lubrication. It is both technologically-relevant and scientifically-fascinating field. There are
examples of tribology as far back as ancient Egypt, when early tribologists used oil to make it
easier for big statues to slide. The tribology nowadays includes various areas of cutting-edge
contemporary technology in addition to its initial concentration on the design and efficient
lubrication of machine components. In industries including manufacturing, energy production,
transportation, and others where machinery lubrication is required, tribology is very significant.

Lubrication is the management of wear and friction through the application of a lubricant (also
known as a friction-reducing film) between moving surfaces that come into contact. Although
many polymeric, liquid, or solid materials can serve as lubricants; oil and grease are the most
popular ones. Lubricants serve to transmit power while reducing friction, preventing corrosion,
controlling temperature, and preventing wear on equipment. There are now many distinct kinds
of industrial lubricants as a result. All of them give mechanical parts the longest possible lifespan,
but they are also anticipated to boost efficiency, dependability, and reduce energy use.

In short, tribology is the study of things rubbing together. It includes bearing design and lubrication.
It is essential in various industrial applications since friction is one of the main factors that cause
corrosion or damage in many systems and lubrication is the proper action to minimize friction,
preventing wear, protecting equipment from corrosion, and allowing smooth movement in an
engine or component. Tribology and Lubrication are two of the most important factors contributing
to the normal functioning of expensive machines and equipment.
Why do Surfaces do have Asperities?
Because surfaces have different surface topography depending on the type of applications. Most
commonly tribological surfaces are polished and have a clear surface finish when observed with
the naked eye, however, the micro structure will have surface irregularities and uneven structure
that causes ASPERITIES when a high spot bump on surface or uneven platform/object surfaces
that either makes contact with an opposing surface
Asperities, which may be caused by roughness, or protrusions on the colliding object or material,
act like welded contacts between the sides of the surface. asperities are high spots on surfaces
that come into contact during wear or friction.
All objects, material and surfaces does not have Smooth surfaces, even those polished to a mirror
finish, are not truly smooth on a microscopic scale. The most common characteristics of all objects
"unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" is the cause of asperities when a contact to
other object takes place.

How do Lubricants help prolong the life of an Engine?

We know that our engine is operating at a high rate of mechanical movements and with constantly
movements there will be contacts and this contact produces friction, friction basically is a
resistance that object or a surface interacts when moving over one another. for example, rubbing
your hands and notice that when you rub your hands with constant speed you will feel a rise of
temperature in your hands this also happens in our engine also in a faster rate and without any
regulation this increase in temperature could cause overheating this where lubrication comes in,
lubrication functions includes reduction in friction, having regulated cooling effect, serve as a
sealing and protection from constant contacts of the moving parts on an engine and also cleaning
your engine. This function remains our engine in a operating system without any conflicts.

What are the different Lubrication methods?

Full-Film Lubrication
It is a state where a surface that carrying a load are separated by a relatively thick film or lubricant.
A stable state of lubrication and does not have a metal-to-metal contact during the steady
conditions of a bearing. Commonly in a sliding motion
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Have the same state as the full film lubrication but if differs in the motion created in the surface,
a rolling motion occurs in the surface. The conditions are much smaller in scale than the
hydrodynamic lubrication.
Boundary Lubrication
Occurs when the solid surfaces are so close together that the interactions in the surface between
the mono and multi-molecular films of lubricants and the roughness of the solid surface as majorly
dominate the contacts.
Mixed Lubrications
Is a combination of boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication. While the bulk of the surfaces are
separated by the layer of lubrication, the roughness of the surfaces still have the contact with the
other surfaces that is why additives are make to fill that

Give examples of the different types of Lubricant

Oil Grease Penetrating Lubricant

Conventional Motor Oil General Purpose Grease Water-Soluble
High-Mileage Engine Oil Molybdenum Grease Synthetic Penetrating Oil
Synthetic Motor Oil Lithium Grease Kano
Synthetic Blend Motor Oil Calcium Sulfonate
Polyurea Grease

Dry Lubricant
Graphite
Molybdenum Disulfide
Explain the components and use of each type of Lubricant

Oil – their components are commonly found in plants (vegetable oil), processed and
manufactured to be use in our engine for lubricating system, oils is mixed with additives to avoid
any kind of oxidation that can cause a problem for an engine.
It is used in hinges, bearings, tool maintenance and sharpening blades with the purpose of
lubricating something without resistance
Grease – compose of lithium-based soap, grease has the same components as oils with base
oils, thickener and additives for the same purposes
It is used on gears, bearings, chains and linkages with a purpose of sticking for a longer time for
lubrication

Penetrating Lubricants is commonly blend of alkanols, alkyl benzenes, alkyl succinic acid, tert-
dibutyl-p-cresol, polymethacrylate, zine dialkyl thiophosphate and methyl silicone
This is used to confronts the tiny cracks and helping the parts breaks the rust on the surface
Loosening the stuck nuts and bolts with the cause of rusting
Removing irrelevant materials that have been stuck in the system

Dry Lubricant – its components is a mixed water, alcohol or a solvent that has a high evaporating
capability. Graphites and molybdenum disulfide are the predominant materials. These dry
lubricant can evaporate and leaving away a thin film of lubricant to serves as a friction reducing
agent
Commonly used in threaded rocks, locks and hinges