Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Centro de Investigation y Desarrollo de Educación Bilingüe

Biology in Healthcare

Name of the practice: Observation of tendons in chicken leg

Teacher’s name: Alejandro Enrique Cruz Varela

Team members and IDs:

Aldo Peyton Flores Saucillo - 2208687

Diego Lozano Tello - 2208759

Maximiliano Monterde Martínez - 2208609

Valentina Navarro Reynoso - 2208638

Santiago Salazar Márquez - 2209056

Luis Leonardo Flores Fernández - 2208773

 Introduction:
The skeletal system is vital to the human body, offering support, protection, and
mobility. It comprises bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and articulations, all
meticulously designed for optimal function. Bones form the robust framework of the
body, combining strength with flexibility. Their outer layers, rich in calcium phosphate,
provide rigidity, while the inner spongy bone allows for flexibility and nutrient
exchange.

Connective tissues like tendons and ligaments are integral to the system's integrity.
Tendons link muscles to bones, transmitting muscle contractions to produce movement,
while ligaments connect bones, ensuring joint stability.
Joints, or articulations, facilitate movement and flexibility by bringing bones together.
From simple hinge joints like the elbow to complex ball-and-socket joints like the hip,
each type serves specific movement needs while maintaining stability.
Ultimately, the skeletal system, encompassing bones, ligaments, tendons, and
articulations, is finely tuned to uphold the body's structure, shield vital organs, and
enable a diverse range of movements essential for everyday activities.

Objective:

The objective of the lab practice was to see the ligaments, tendons and joints and saw a
part of the muscle system.

Hypothesis:
Our hypothesis is that we will open the chicken and see the muscular area, and then the
bones, tendons, and ligaments with some blood inside.

Variables:

Independent Variable: We are the independent variable that we decide what to do with
the chicken and where to cut.

Dependent Variable: The body of the chicken that we will examinate.

Controlled Variable: The amount of force that we use to cut the different parts of the
chicken

Materials:

• Dish
 • Scissors
• Chicken leg with thigh
• Latex gloves

Methods:

1. Separate or remove the skin

2. Remove muscle tissue with scissors to expose bone, tendons, and ligaments.
3. Observe the tendons as white elastic fibers that join the muscles to the bones,
4. Remove the tissue until the tibia is identified
5. Note the small, thin bone attached to the tibia
6. Remove tissue to expose the joint and identify the ligament
7. Observe the bone marrow which is inside the bone

Results:

At first it was easy to cut through the first layer of the chicken, the skin, but as we
started cutting further, we realized that it was more difficult to cut through the muscles
to get to the bone with the scissors. The first bone of the chicken that we observed was
the tibia, which is located under the kneecap of the chicken leg. Almost at the same
time we observed the fibula, which is a bone that provides stability to the ankle joint in
the legs. Right after that we cut into the kneecap to see how the chickens leg worked
and to see how the cartilage did their job of preventing the contact between bones, we
also observed how the ligaments were keeping the knee in place. Finally, we had to
break the chicken’s tibia to see into the red bone marrow that it contained inside.

Discussion:

Our experiment was based on the chicken we opened, our chicken was in good
condition, it was cooled and then we brought it to a normal temperature. First,
to start with the project we removed the skin, but we could have done that
better because our chicken had a lot of skin and struggled, and we focused on
one area, but we lacked skin to remove. Then we opened the muscles to see the
bones, tendons and ligaments but we were wrong about where they were, so we
did it twice, but the experiment turned out well in the end. In the end we broke
the bone to see the bone marrow that was inside, which came out with blood.
This was because the chicken was not cooked so it still had blood in it, the
experiment went well in the end. We identified the muscle, skin, bone, joints
and marrow in 20 minutes.

Conclusion:
The skeletal system serves as the robust framework of the human body, providing
crucial support, protection, and mobility. Comprised of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and
tendons, its complex arrangement ensures stability and enables a wide range of
movement. Bones, the system's foundation, offer both strength and resilience, with
dense outer layers providing rigidity and inner spongy bone allowing for flexibility and
nutrient exchange. Remodeling, driven by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ensures the
skeleton adapts to changing needs for repair, growth, and mineral balance.
Additionally, bones act as mineral reservoirs, storing vital calcium and phosphorus
essential for muscle function, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. Furthermore, the
skeletal system is pivotal in hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells occurring
within bone marrow. Beyond being a structural scaffold, the skeletal system is a
dynamic and indispensable part of the body, maintaining integrity, enabling
movement, and supporting vital physiological processes. Its intricate design and
multifaceted functions highlight its importance and reflect the elegant complexity of
human anatomy.

References
Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.). Skeletal system (Musculoskeletal system). Cleveland

Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21048-skeletal-system

Skeletal System | Anatomy Gallery. (n.d.). American Cancer Society.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/understanding-cancer/anatomy-gallery/skeletal-

system.html#:~:text=The%20skeletal%20system%20is%20made,many%20bones%

20of%20the%20body.

Andrew, W. (2024, April 8). Human skeleton | Parts, Functions, Diagram, & Facts. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/human-skeleton+

Participation of each member:

Aldo Peyton Flores Saucillo: Results

Diego Lozano Tello: Hypothesis, and organization of document

Maximiliano Monterde Martínez: Realize Introduction and conclusion and references

Valentina Navarro Reynoso: Cover page, objective, procedure and materials

Santiago Salazar Márquez: Discussion

Luis Leonardo Flores Fernández: Methods