SANTIAGO INSTITUTE INC.

THE IMPACTS OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS AMONG

TEENAGERS OF SANTIAGO, ILOCOS SUR

STEPHANIE A. BALLESTEROS
ERNEST JOHN S. BONGOLAN
LIANNE MENELL B. BONGOLAN
ADRIAN V. CAMPILLA
CHESKA NICOLE C. DELA CRUZ
APRIL ESTHEPANIE D. ELEFANTE
SHERWIN ANGEL G. ELIZAGA
TROY JOSHUA V. ELIZARDE
SOPHIA BIANGCA C. FLORES
CRISHARY C. GABUNI
RACHEL A. GABUNI
JONAS HAROLD L. GALANOTE
RENZ JAYBERT C. GALINATO
JOEL J GARNACE JR.
PATRICK C. GARRINO
MARK JIMMUEL C. MANUEL
JOHN MARK D. MAYO
ALYZA MAE MONTIERO
TRISHA KATE P. PRADES
JUVY M. SABADO
JHAN ADRIANA C. TADENA
RHEINE CARTHER UMIPIG

A RESEARCH PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE

SANTIAGO INSTITUTE INC.
POB. NORTE, SANTIAGO, ILOCOS SUR

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUBJECT

ENGLISH 10

MAY 2024

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW

Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug worldwide (Koob 2005)..
Drinking alcohol is a social activity, embedded today in traditional and sociocultural
contexts. Probably, the main reason for alcohol consumption is its ability to produce
positive moods and stress-relieving effects.

Alcohol use and abuse is increasingly becoming a worldwide lifestyle that is

prevalent in rich and poor countries alike and one of the top three major health problems
(Onaivi, 2009; WHO,2004).

Overindulgence in alcohol is a widespread harmful habit globally, and it is a

particularly prevalent issue among young people who view alcohol as a form of leisure
activity (Bernabéu et al, 2019). Consumption of alcohol among scholars is generally
perceived as socially important content and is a reason for worries among numerous
parents and academy directors. The drinking patterns of young students tend to be
inconsistent and fluctuate depending on the season and days of the week. In actuality, a
pattern of consistent drinking must be established in adulthood before it can be classified
as a dependence issue (Padrão et al, 2013). Previous studies indicated that alcohol
consumption has a detrimental effect on the academic performance of students, as it can
make difficult for them to manage their academic responsibilities and social life, leading
to a high risk of dropping out or failing classes. Excessive alcohol consumption has also
been associated with negative health impacts, including automobile crashes, accidental
injuries, and fatalities. On the negative, some inquiries have shown that drinking alcohol
has no notable effect on the pupil’s performance (M, P. ,2020). The dangers of excessive
or binge drinking not only affect the drinkers themselves, but also those around them
(Wechsler et al, 1994).

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Alcohol consumption is associated with various health issues, such as maternal

and child health, infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and
injuries(WHO, 2004). Early onset of alcohol consumption was associated with a higher
risk of heavy alcohol drinking(Liang, et al 2015),substance use(Yaimai, et al 2019), and
poorer performance in psychomotor speed and visual attention(Jiang, et al 2018).

Alcohol drinking by adolescents is a major global health problem. In 2011, World

Health Organization data were used to estimate the productive years of life lost due to
premature mortality or disability in young people aged 15–24 years.

Schools are institutions where most people spend their early years and where most
adult behaviors are formed. Therefore, any behavior developed at this stage, like alcohol
consumption, may be carried on to adulthood. Consequently, the Department of Health
saw it fit to conduct a research on Metro Manila college students as a starting point
before doing a countrywide survey. Alcohol consumption data is important, at the very
least, for policy and monitoring purposes. Moreover, admittedly, the DOH lacks data on
any kind of alcohol consumption in the country. This study determined the alcohol
consumption of university students in the Metro Manila area and compares them with
existing data of other countries in the region and the West. Comparisons are made with
high school students in other countries because the data from this survey was taken in
2013, before the implementation of K-12 hence agewise, they are comparable.
(Index,2016)

Many teenagers are into alcoholic drinks. In the past researches of Santiago
Institute Inc. students, there were no studies about the effects of alcoholic drinks among
Santiago, Ilocos Sur yet and this is the research gap found by the reseachers. Thus, it has
prompted them to study the effects of alcoholic drinks among Santiago, Ilocos Sur

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PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The researchers observed that some teenagers are exposed to alcoholic drinks at a
very young age. They have also observed that some teenagers prefer to hangout with their
peers and drink alcohol with one another that bond without the involvement of alcohol.

The observation prompted the researchers to study the effects of alcoholic drinks
among teenagers of Santiago, Ilocos Sur.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of this study are significant to the following people:

Teenagers. This study will raise awareness among teenagers regarding the effects of
alcoholic drinks to their health.

Parents. This study will help the parents mitigate the alcohol use of teenagers.

The Future Researchers. This study will serve as a future reference to those who will
undertake studies in alcohol use.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study intends to discover the effects of alcohol among teenagers of Santiago,
Ilocos Sur.

Research question: What are the effects of alcohol among teenagers of Santiago, Ilocos
Sur?

Specifically, this study is focused on:

1. The positive effects of alcohol.

2. The negative effects of alcohol.

TIME AND PLACE OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted on April - May 2024 at Santiago, Ilocos Sur.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is on the assessment of effects of alcohol among teenagers
of Santiago, Ilocos Sur. This study covered 9 teenagers that served as participants of this

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study. The data gathered do not represent the total population of Santiago, Ilocos Sur but
it is considered adequate to demonstrate the qualitative purpose of this study to saturate
all possible effects of alcohol.

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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

Qualitative Phenomenological approach was used during the conduct of the study

in order to study the effects of alcohol among teenagers of Santiago, Ilocos Sur.

According to Strauss and Corbin (1998), qualitative research is "research about

persons' lives, lived experiences, behaviours, emotions, and feelings". For Creswell

(2013), Qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world

with the practice of photographs, recordings and memos to the self. He also defined

Phenomenology as a study describes the common meaning for several individuals of their

lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon". He also asserted that Phenomenology

is not only a description, but it is also an interpretive process in which the researcher

makes an interpretation of the meaning of the lived experiences. For Patton (1990), a

phenomenological study is one that focused on descriptions of what people experience

and how it is that they experience what they experience. Rossman and Rallis (1998) also

defined Phenomenology as a tradition in German philosophy with a focus on the essence

of lived experience.

SOURCES OF DATA

The sources of data were acquired from the results of the semi-structured

interview with the 9 teenagers of Santiago, Ilocos Sur who were selected through a

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criterion sampling. In criterion sampling. groups or settings that meet criteria. According

to Miles & Huberman (1994), this are selected sampling technique typically is utilised

for the purpose of quality assurance. The researchers set criteria and these are as follows:

1. They are residents of Santiago, Ilocos Sur. ;2. They are teenagers; 3.They are using

alcohol; and 4. They are willing to be interviewed.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers used questionnaires to be used for the semi-structured interview

which were answered qualitatively by the participants. According to Cohen (2013).

'questionnaire' is the instrument for collecting the primary data. Primary data' by

extension is data that would not otherwise exist if it were not for the research process and

is collected through either questionnaires or interviews.

Semi-structured in-depth interviews, according to DeJonckheere and Vaughn

(2021), are commonly used in qualitative research and are the most frequent qualitative

data source in health services research. This method typically consists of a dialogue

between researcher and participant, guided by a flexible interview protocol and

supplemented by follow-up questions, probes and comments. The method allows the

researcher to collect open-ended data, to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs

about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues.

The researchers used questionnaires for the semi-structured interview as an

effective means for the data collection regarding the effects of alcoholic drinks among

teenagers of Santiago, Ilocos Sur.

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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The data were acquired through a personal semi-structured interview. The

researchers sought permission through a request letter from the Barangay Captains of

Mambug, Sabangan, Guinabang, San Roque, and Gabao, Santiago, Ilocos Sur.. After the

authority approved the researchers request, a letter of request was given to the

participants prior to the data gathering about the nature of the study. When they have

approved, a consent letter was signed by them. After which, the interview was scheduled

based on their availability and convenience .The semi-structured interview was audio-

taped to record everything that transpired in the process. After the interview sessions, the

researchers transcribed and analyzed it using Colaizzi's method of data analysis.

MODE OF ANALYSIS

The data gathered were analyzed using the Collaizi's Methodology. Colaizzi's

method of data analysis is an approach to interpreting qualitative research data to identify

meaningful information and organize it into themes or categories. The approach follows

seven data analysis steps.

The first step was to transcribe all of the interviews from each participant. In this

section of the analysis process, the narratives were transcribed from the recorded

interviews held with each participant. After transcribing, statements which were in

Filipino and Ilokano were translated to English. Each of the transcripts were read and re-

read, in order to obtain a general sense about the whole content. Second, significant

statements that relate to the phenomenon under study were extracted from transcripts.

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Third was the creation of formulated meanings. Formulated meanings were derived from

significant statements. Meanings are formed in this step. Colaizzi (1978) suggests that the

researcher make an effort to come up with more generalrestatement or interpretations for

every key textual statement. Fourth was the organization of formulated meanings in to

clusters of themes and themes. Obtaining derived interpretations from important

statements. The researchers organized them into theme clusters. These theme clusters

were then shrunken into emergent theme. Fifth was the development of comprehensive

description of the experiences of the participants. The researchers incorporated all of the

generated ideas into a comprehensive account of the phenomena. The overall structure

was created by merging all of the theme clusters, emergent themes, and articulated

meanings into a description. It is then provided to the Research Adviser and English

Critic of the researchers for confirmation of its completeness and relevance to the

experiences of teenagers who are alcohol users. In the sixth step, findings were

condensed to avoid repetition and to create a clear and short description of the

phenomena. The last step was the validation of the findings from the study participants.

The goal of this step was to use "membership checking" to validate the study's findings.

Member checking (Guba & Lincoln, 1985) was done by sharing the findings and their

interpretations with the participants to ensure they reflected what they had experienced in

using Alcohol.

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CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

FINDINGS

This chapter discusses the findings from the gathered data. This section also
provides the conclusions and recommendations of the study. Findings Data from the
transcript were analyzed using the Collaizi’s Method of Data Analysis. The results of the
analysis yielded 4 themes. The 3 themes are the Positive impacts of Alcoholic drinks
while the last one is negative impact of alcoholic drinks among teenagers of Santiago,
Ilocos Sur. These themes emerged as a result of the experiences of teenagers of Santiago,
Ilocos Sur who drink alcohol.

POSITIVE IMPACTS OF ALCOHOL

Alcohol makes us happy

According to participants, alcohol enables drinkers to be happy. As verbalized:

“Alcohol gives us good memories.” (Participant B)

“Drinking alcohol is good.” (Participant C)

“…[Alcohol] makes me happy.” (Participant D)

“[Alcohol] is bad to our body.” (Participant E)

“[Alcohol] is for pleasure.” (Participant F)

Sleep enhancer

“[Alcohol] helps me sleep better.” (Participant A)

“Drinking alcohol is good. It makes me sleep better.” (Participant C)

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Alcohol relieves us

“Drinking alcohol is like my fatigue reliever.” (Participant A)

“Alcohol relieves my stress.” (Participant B)

“It strengthens my mood.” (Participant D)

“It helps me to improve my mood and mental health.” (Participant E)

“It helps us forget our problems.” (Participant H)

“It makes me relax.” (Participant I)

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ALCOHOL

Dizziness

According to the participants, drinking alcohol can lead them to dizziness. As

verbalized:

“Alcohol gave me headache more than a day.’’ (Participant B)

“Drinking too much made me lost control of my thoughts, which made me do bad
things.’’ (Participant C)

“[Alcohol] cause me to vomit.” (Participant D)

“[Alcohol] gives me hangover and makes me weak.” (Participant F)

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings and discussion, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The positive effects of Alcoholic drinks among teenagers of Santiago, Ilocos Sur
are the following: 1. Alcohol makes us happy; 2. Sleep enhancer; and 3. Alcohol
relieves us.

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2. The negative effects of Alcoholic drinks among teenagers of Santiago, Ilocos Sur
are the following: 1. Dizziness; and 2. Debilitating.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Despite of the positive effects of alcohol, the teenagers should limit their alcohol
intake.
2. The SK Officials should conduct a seminar about alcohol and the vendors
prohibit teenagers in buying alcohol.

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