Prospah Chafa

Course 44

Rangeland and wildlife management

Explain the challenges that are faced by wildlife managers [25]

Wildlife managers play a role in conserving natural ecosystems and ensuring the sustainability of wildlife
populations. However, they face various challenges some being urbanization and agriculture.

Limited funding and resources further hinder effective management, as does the need for ongoing
research to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Lastly, as misinformation or lack of
understanding about wildlife issues can lead to resistance against necessary measures. Together, these
challenges require wildlife managers to be innovative, adaptive, and collaborative in their approach to
preserving biodiversity and maintaining healthy ecosystems.

Agriculture significantly impacts wildlife management by altering habitats, affecting species distribution,
and introducing potential conflicts between agricultural practices and wildlife conservation. Intensive
farming can lead to habitat fragmentation and loss, which diminishes the availability of food and shelter
for various species Fletcher et al (2018). Additionally, the use of pesticides and fertilizers can
contaminate surrounding ecosystems, posing risks to both terrestrial and aquatic wildlife Gibbons et al
(2015). Wildlife managers must navigate these challenges by implementing strategies that promote
biodiversity while considering agricultural productivity. For instance, integrating conservation practices,
such as creating buffer zones and promoting sustainable farming techniques, can help mitigate negative
impacts on wildlife Kleijn et al (2009). Ultimately, effective collaboration between agricultural
stakeholders and wildlife managers is essential to balance ecological health with agricultural needs,
ensuring both food security and wildlife conservation.

Urbanization impacts wildlife managers by altering habitats, disrupting ecosystems, and changing species
dynamics. As cities expand, natural habitats are fragmented or destroyed, leading to a loss of biodiversity
and making it challenging for wildlife managers to maintain healthy populations. Urban areas often
create barriers for species movement, such as roads and buildings, which can isolate populations and
reduce genetic diversity Forman & Alexander (1998). Additionally, urban environments introduce new
challenges, such as human-wildlife conflicts, as animals adapt to urban settings in search of food and
shelter McKinney, (2002). Wildlife managers must develop innovative strategies for habitat conservation
and species management in these altered landscapes, often incorporating public education and
community involvement to promote coexistence Bertram & Vivier, (2002). Effective management in
urban ecosystems requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining ecological knowledge with urban
planning to create sustainable solutions for both wildlife and human populations.

As urban areas expand, wildlife habitats are often fragmented or destroyed, leading to loss of
biodiversity and challenges in species conservation. This encroachment can create conflicts between
humans and wildlife, such as increased encounters with dangerous species or crop damage from animals
seeking food McKinney, (2002). Wildlife managers must adapt their strategies to address these
challenges, implementing measures such as wildlife corridors to facilitate animal movement and reduce
human-wildlife conflicts. Additionally, the growing demand for land for agriculture, infrastructure, and
recreation further complicates the management of wildlife populations and their ecosystems. Effective
communication and collaboration with local communities are essential for wildlife managers to promote
coexistence and sustainable practices that benefit both people and wildlife Fischer (2012).

Limited funding greatly affects wildlife managers by restricting their ability to implement essential
conservation programs and manage wildlife populations effectively. Insufficient financial resources can
lead to understaffed departments, inadequate research, and diminished capacity for habitat restoration
and protection efforts Hutton & Leader-Williams (2003). Consequently, wildlife managers may struggle to
monitor species populations, enforce regulations, and respond to emerging threats such as habitat loss
and climate change. This financial strain can also limit public outreach and education initiatives, reducing
community engagement in conservation efforts Dawson (2017). As a result, the long-term sustainability
of wildlife populations and ecosystems may be jeopardized, highlighting the need for increased
investment in wildlife management to ensure effective conservation outcomes.

Climate change is altering ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. It affects wildlife through changes in
temperature, precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. These changes can shift habitat
ranges, disrupt breeding and migration patterns, and alter food availability, posing a significant threat to
many species. The illegal trade in wildlife products, including ivory, rhino horn, and exotic pets, is a
lucrative business that poses a significant threat to various species. Poaching not only depletes animal
populations but also disrupts ecological balance and can drive species to the brink of extinction.

The introduction of non- native species to new environments, whether accidental or intentional, can
have devastating effects on local ecosystems. Invasive species often outcompete native species for
resources, leading to a decline in biodiversity. Pollution in its many forms chemical, noise, light, and
plastic adversely affects wildlife. It can lead to habitat degradation, directly harming animals, and
disrupting ecological processes. Plastic pollution in oceans has become a significant threat to marine life.

As human populations expand into previously wild areas, conflicts between humans and wildlife
increase. These conflicts can arise from wildlife predation on livestock, damage to crops, and threats to
human safety. Such conflicts often result in retaliatory measures against wildlife, further exacerbating
the conservation challenge. In conclusion wildlife managers are affected by many external and internal
problems which hinder them from effectively and efficiently improving the wildlife systems.
References

Fletcher R (2018).Wildlife management: a comprehensive guide.

David G H (2011) Principles of wildlife management: wildlife management institute.

Sinclair A R E and Fryxell J M (2017) Wildlife ecology, conservation and management: New Jersey, Wiley
Blackwell