Salvacion National High

School Grade Level 11

School
Lesson Geraldine L. Dumaran-
Teacher Learning Area PRE-CALCULUS
Exemplar Libarra
Teaching Dates and 09/09-12/2024
Quarter 1st
Time 3:00-4:00PM

I. OBJECTIVES
The learner demonstrates an understanding of key concepts of series and
A. Content Standards
mathematical induction and the Binomial Theorem.
The learner can keenly observe and investigate patterns and formulate
B. Performance Standards
appropriate mathematical statements.
The learners,
1. Illustrate a series.
C. Learning Competencies
2. Differentiate a series from a sequence.

II. CONTENT SERIES

III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Agot M. Pre-Calculus. Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro
City
Pre-Calculus. Teacher’s Guide (2016). DepEd-BLR. Sunshine Interlinks
A. References Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines.
Pre-Calculus. Teacher’s Guide (2016). DepEd-BLR. Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines.
Curriculum Guide

B. Other Learning
Leaning Modules, Activity Sheets, Laptop, and TV
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing the previous
lesson/Presenting the The learners will share their prior knowledge on series.
new lesson
Suppose you have this pattern below:

B. Establishing a purpose
for the lesson
How many dots have you observed for each figure?
What would be the next figure looks like? Can you guess what the pattern is?
How many dots would you need to build the 20th triangle?

Problems like this form patterns called sequence and finding the total number of
dots needed to form each triangle involve finding their sum and such sum is
called a series

Sequence and series are important concepts in many branches of Mathematics.

Its applications are numerous in the different fields, this includes biology,
physics, investments, accountancy, and arts. Many of the mathematical
problems can be related to sequence and series.

C. Presenting In this lesson, we will illustrate what is a series and can differentiate a series
examples/instances of from a sequence. We will also review the definitions and different types of
the new lesson
sequences and series.

A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers or the

set {1, 2, 3, ..., n}.

A series represents the sum of the terms of a sequence. If a sequence is

finite, we will refer to the sum of the terms of the sequence as the series
associated with the sequence. If the sequence has infinitely many terms, the
sum is defined more precisely in calculus.

D. Discussing new A "series" is what you get when you add up all the terms of a sequence; the
concepts and practicing addition, and also the resulting value, are called the "sum" or the "summation".
new skills #1 For instance, "1, 2, 3, 4" is a sequence, with terms "1", "2", "3", and "4"; the
corresponding series is the sum "1 + 2 + 3 + 4", and the value of the series
is 10.

A sequence is a list of numbers (separated by commas), while a series is a sum

 1 1 1
of numbers (separated by “+” or “−¿ ” sign). As an illustration, 1 ,− , ,− is a
2 3 4
1 1 1 7
sequence, and 1 ,− , ,− = is its associated series.
2 3 4 12
 The sequence with nth term is usually denoted by {a n}, and the
associated series is given by
S = a1 + a 2 + a 3 + … + a n

E. Discussing new  Difference between sequence and series:

concepts and practicing
new skills #2 Sequence Series
Set of elements that follow a pattern Sum of elements of the sequence
Order of elements is important Order of elements is not so important
Finite sequence: 1,2,3,4,5 Finite series: 1+2+3+4+5
Infinite sequence: 1,2,3,4, … Infinite Series: 1+2+3+4+…

 A finite series is the sum of the first n terms of a sequence. It is also

referred to as the nth partial sum of a sequence. An infinite series is
the sum of all the terms of an infinite sequence.
F. Developing mastery
Example 1.1. Find the sum of all multiples of 5 between 1 and 100.
Solution: a1 = 5 an = 100 d=5
First, we determine how many multiples of 5 (n) there are between 1 and 100.
Use the formula, a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d

100 = 5 + (n – 1) 5
100 = 5 + 5n – 5
100 = 5n
20 = n
n
To find the sum, we use the formula, sn= ( a1 + an )
2
20
Sn = ( 5+100 )
2
S20 = 420

Example 1.2. Find x, so that x + 2, 4x, and 6x + 1 are terms of an arithmetic

sequence.
Solution: Let d be the common difference of the arithmetic sequence
Recall: d = a n−a n−1
Since d1 = d2 then we have,
 4x – (x + 2) = (6x + 1) – 4x
4x – x – 2 = 6x + 1 – 4x
3x – 2 = 2x + 1
3x – 2x = 1 + 2
x=3
Let’s try x = 3 what are the terms,
x+2=3+2=5
4x = 4(3) = 12
6x + 1 = 6(3) + 1 = 19
So, the terms are: 5, 12, 19 and the sequence is an arithmetic sequence
Therefore, the value of x that make the terms an arithmetic sequence is 3.

Example 1.3. A family saves Php 1000 in January, Php 1200 in February, Php
1400 in March and so on. How much will they save in one year?
Solution: Find S12
If we write the savings in sequence we have 1000, 1200, 1400, … which
illustrate an arithmetic sequence. So,
n = one year = 12 months
d = Php 200
n
Use the formula, sn=
2
[ 2 a1 + ( n−1 ) d ]
12
S12 = ¿
2
= 6 [2000 + 11(200)]
= 6 (2000 + 2200)
S12 = Php 25, 200 is the amount of money they will save in
one year.

G. Finding practical Activity 1:

applications of concepts Identify the following items as sequence or series. Write smaller case letter s for
and skills in daily living sequence and capital letter S for series on the space provided before each
number.
____ 1. 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15 +…+ 18
1 1 1 1
____ 2. 1 , , , ,…,
2 3 4 8
____ 3. – 15, – 9, – 3, 3, ….
____ 4. – 15 – 9 – 3 + 3 +…. +
____ 5. 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, …

Activity 2
Write A if the sequence is arithmetic, G if it is geometric, H if it is harmonic, F if
Fibonacci, and O if it is not one of the mentioned types.
1 1 1 1 1
_______ 1) 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, ... _______ 6) , , , , ,…
5 9 13 17 21
_______ 2) 16, 25, 36, 49, ...,100 _______ 7) √ 3 , √ 4 , √ 5 , √ 6 , …
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_______ 3) 1 ,
, , , ,… _______ 8) , , , ,…
5 25 125 625 4 8 16 32
1 2 3 4
_______ 4) , , , ,… _______ 9) 3, 8, 13, 18, …, 48
3 9 27 81
1 1 1 1 1
_______ 5) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, … _______ 10) 1 , , , , ,
2 3 4 5 6
Activity 3
Find the first five terms and the Sn of each of the defined sequence.

1. 3n +1 3. n2 +5 n+6
3−2 n
2. 4. ( n−1 )2
n+1
Activity 4: Problem Solving Choose only 3

1. Solve the following word problems involving sequences and series.

Identify each type of series or sequence in each problem and show
complete solution. 5 points/item. Scoring system: 1 point = Identification
of series or sequence, 2 points = solution, and 2 points = final answer.
2. A stack of soap boxes displayed in a grocery store has 12 boxes in the
bottom row, 11 boxes in the second row, 10 in the next row, and so on.
How many boxes are in the stack?
3. Manuel Anselmo receives offers from two companies. Company A pays
₱180,000 yearly with raises of ₱ 24,000 a year. Company B pays ₱
 240,000 yearly with raises of ₱ 10,000 a year. If you were Manuel which
offer, are you going to take? Explain.
4. A ball tossed to a height of 4 meters rebounds to 40% of its previous
height. Find the distance the ball has traveled when it strikes the ground
for the fifth time.
5. A professional basketball player signs a contract with a beginning salary
of Php 3M for the first year and an annual increase of 5% per year
beginning in the second year. What is the athlete’s salary for year 5 of
the contract?
6. Find the sum of all multiples of 6 between 1 and 100.
7. Find x so that x – 12, x + 4, 4x – 8 are terms of a geometric sequence.

Let me check your knowledge by filling the blanks with a correct

symbols/letter or terms in order to complete the statement/s.

1. The terms in an arithmetic sequence have a common

_______________, while those of a geometric sequence have
a common _________.
2. The domain of a sequence is the set of ___________
integers.
3. The common ratio is computed by ____________ each term
H. Making generalization by the term preceding it.
about the lesson 4. The ellipsis dot indicate that the sequence is _____________.
5. Each term of an arithmetic sequence is computed by
________ the preceding term by the common difference.
6. The sum of a finite sequence is called ____________ sum.
7. The notation a 1 refers to the ____________ of the sequence.
8. The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is
referred to as the _____________________.
9. The nth term of a geometric sequence is given by the
expression ______________.
10. If |r| ____ 1, then the infinite geometric series does not have
a sum.

Directions: Choose the best answer. Encircle the letter of your choice.
1. Which of the following item illustrates a sequence?
A. 1, 2, 4, 8, ... C. 12 + 22 + 32 + … + 102
B.– 1 + 1 – 1 + 1 – 1 D. 1+0 .1+0 .001 + 0.0001
2. Which of the following item illustrates a series?
A. 3,5,7,9,11, ... C. 12 + 22 + 32 + … + 102
1 1 1 1
B. , , , ,… D. 1, 0.1, 0.001,
3 6 9 12
0.0001
I. Evaluating learning 3. What kind of sequence is 5, 7, 9, 11, 13?
A. Arithmetic C. Geometric
B. Fibonacci D. Harmonic
4. Find the 7th term of the sequence 1, 2, 6, 24, …
A. 120 C. 5, 040
B. 720 D. 9,000
5. What kind of sequence is 1, 5, 25, 125, 625?
A. Arithmetic C. Geometric
B. Fibonacci D. Harmonic

J. Additional activities Read in advance about sigma notation.

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. Attendance
B. Index of Proficiency
C. Index of Mastery
D. Most mastered item
E. Least mastered item
F. Observer Name and
Signature
G. Date of Observation
Prepared by: Checked by:

GERALDINE D. LIBARRA PERPETUA L. BACUEL

T-II, Pre-Cal Subject Teacher HT-III, MATH Department