LESSON ONE

>-

.v— >b Ijjb \JJb

\k(j> IJUfc
ijjfc
il^iJLft

o^ , . .

&>"/ IJL» .jjj-4. iJia L-iix* 1 JUa

m A li

? I

3
•u- -^

? I
 EXERCISE jij 4J

? U

? u

" -- s

f u

.
-. -- -

1.

I
-'

"
»P
*
•*•"•'"'

' *»

1
i
? I

_.J

? u
U ft!

?>_J IJLil

y y >

v _^>
fc

IJl-a\

6
 o , 5

READ AND WRITE jljjl

JTL1

^^ >• *

.j*
13 U ft .1 A^ lJi__fc

*u .jjj-t I J — ft

1* o

? IJL

? »
Cr° ? ij
o*

j IJla t
--- b ibUb

• 8 ^
! I
0*

* . »

•J—*\> U& c*Jf /JL.b IJUfc

i *\ ? \ \3\ ? !

/ irijL-ft

.Ja_J IJL_a c ^

—^u
j

8
 1
J

.d\

? U
.lL_o

? la

i« #

j*>J^ » U A
 '
EXERCISE jij.

.0 *• e

READ AND WRITE 'I • I

.lii U ft ? U a U

.LLk li* ? IJL-A

^

,jas ta—A ^ ur u_*i

?

» •» «•

',

* . ' <-
* •* <
. jfcj ijla no* ji ^ f
? aj i

10
 POINTS TO REMEMBER

In this lesson we learn the following patterns:

What is this?

This is a book.

Is this a house?
*<".•-
Yes, this is a house.

No, this is a mosque.

Who is this?

Note:

1. ti* is pronounced J&, but t

it is written without the first alif.

2. Arabic has no word corresponding to the English "is", i.e. Arabic

has no copula.

3. There is no word in Arabic corresponding to "a" in English as in "this

is a book". The n-sound at the end of the Arabic noun (kitabu-n,

baitu-n, masjidu-n) is the Arabic indefinite article corresponding to

the English "a"/ "an". This n-sound is called tan win.

4. The particle \
placed at the beginning of a statement turns it into a

question, e.g.,

This is a house. .c4J l*&

>J 0.

Is this a house? \M

li
Vocabulary:
y» »-

house 3Jj boy

J o

k>*v« mosque CJ^ student

i-*\J door J*rj man

Li\s£ book yrtf merchant
9 s

pti pen tJS' dog

i

r&L* key iai cat

in x

Li£» writing table jW?- donkey

*

j.j»* bed OCfl*- horse

i« *

^X chair J*r camel

**j star dXi* rooster

^5->3 shirt ^»j^u teacher

L~J* doctor Jjjl» kerchief

 tf A e

j^'d*.iUi
LESSON TWO
3J -Ji #

/*1L

^At
f

*:iuij

?y *, I

L<T Ciiii>
I • f

? L* 3 u
-*

-^ X
CiJU3

13
 ? Oil ^j IJLJ» jL.

?dJ—Jili

•J"
^-aui

.;> —J iu>j 3 &u

14
 o *
EXERCISE Jij- -4J

0X0
READ AND WRITE 4Q \" s«

.fUj dlb ? &]& ^ ajjj j c- u

>&- liA ? IJUb U >S—^ Sitti cV f h3 JUlif

o %

New Words 5120*11 olU&l

j" i£ l
f

l
f

15
 POINTS TO REMEMBER

In this lesson, we learn the use of £LJi meaning "that", and j meaning

"and", e.g.,

This is a house and that is a mosque. .A**** £»*j iC~> ,J»*

Note:

1. dJJi is pronounced &Uti but it is written without alif.

2. The word j is written close to the following word.

Vocabulary:

jiUJ imam ^xl» sugar

^/v- stone 0? milk

16
 LESSON THREE
*/
/
i

J ^ :
J—<^r c- — -Jl : c. j

if U31 :

* . »

* — *
.£jl*> o\Jl

"•

JC03
^Ij Jb^ ol^Jl

17
 * t
°,_ I> 0'
.J

- * - "J

,*L*J Os^l^Jlj L^y c^J(

S. i

3 . * -

«-*sk*U*a*^

18
 EXERCISES

** ^ * s O -- o 9

Read and write each of the following words

vocalizing its last letter.

.jUfJi .j% .ijli .^kli ,oJj .^ .

4T_ir J£J, t(

.»

READ AND WRITE ^rij [Ji

wo _oo
•^t^r wj-Uh (Y)

- .» ^o-

.> ^dij Iji 'jfc\ ( V)

cr?.-;

19
 Complete each of the following sentences
using one of the words given below:

>*J»0)
J •

<3j?<*) ^<r)
0^ O) JtfM* (•)

& tSii

x- • o o

: ;£*»& jjilf £*># J* Ui ifjiffl ?&1 (£)

Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences

with a suitable word:
* °

•J l
j~£j> 0) .a# 0)

hu* <*) ** (t)

.uSlj (t) .!# (*)

•i* (
A) -W* (V)

.i?J&- •0 •<*03 <*>

20
 * t

New Words SOj^Jl oUKJl

.-

£?J >jj Jj^t

a .

^: uL&

j/JCo
°J

54*

J—^? :
>J
° 1 • f

LJLJaJ! : LJLJp

*» .-. i j « »«. ^ .• o <5,

#• #J> <T)
A - * A '. i t

.J-^ dLwdi (O)

.^jsfli Otflll (A) .

<^p ^-l3l (V)

J , > a
. JuJUIrVfil (^ •)

* 1 .Of*
.J** &jf&lj tkfi L«Wt(U)

21
 J* * o

Read and write each of the following words

vocalizing its last letter

M\ .d$)i ,j&\ ,pk£\ ,jp$ .odi

JjjK .JCLjT .Jj# .jbjj^jf .cdi ij0 LJi

: 2^& oUAS* £ey Jljj UJ £y)| 5G1 (T)

Fill inthe blank in each of the following

sentences with a suitable word:

&
.< ,.'

•
<*) •

tf 0)
W (*) •>-> (T)

•
J*** O) -J*> (•)

22
 *- * o

:(f) ttun
^ ^i ayfli L^uf (v) xj£\ ^ur^i -^ ^
(r)
Match the following:

<v> 0)
jjj.
Lit Ut

^ OlTa Ji

j- i? r\ *&\

C> ji

u*0-

New words:

tf*

<* -•
rU^Jl

23
 *
0. t. -* V * * \i' ** "*•: *\ >>

The Moon Letter and the Sun Letters

J> (0 J o.
* »
5_...,.:..:t,.n
» »\ i,
Oj •*

ft: (1) i-^l : I

U* o

3 ill- £> (Y)

•« .--*

'«'
I : a (f)

<w-aj II : i (£)

a '

t <

* a a

t o:
*

iJu_Ul: ^ (V)
t (V:

JO
fjJL- SJl :
J* (A) J (A;

: g* (*) J (V

u i
I
-
ft" :
u^ (i *)

> •

CJLJJ1 : h (VV)

JUjil

J-fcil: J Of)
J e H
<•— W* : (It)

24
 EXERCISE jij. -*J

c*
j£j&\ ft jy a*iji &>i> iprij a^i ou&i fjSi

Read the following words and write them down bearing in mind
the rule regarding the Sun and Moon Letters:

O
«3 O

•
*1 c>Z -j-

<cIfc
L..
/

#
.'^\ :£iA\ .CJikJi .L>d
*. i

>iii .^yi .>iii .^ai

- ° -'. '"
f.

25
 POINTS TO REMEMBER
In this lesson we learn the use of the Arabic definite article «al» which

corresponds to the English "the". When the definite article «al» is prefixed

to a noun naturally the indefinite article (-n) is dropped, e.g.

baitu-n al-baitu

Arabic has 28 letters. Of these 14 are called Solar Letters or Sun Letters,

and the other 14 are called Lunar letters or Moon Letters. In the

articulation of the Solar Letters the tip or the blade of the tongue is

involved as in t, n, r, s, etc. The tip or the blade of the tongue does not

play any part in the articulation of the Lunar Letters as in b, w, m, k, etc.

When «al» is prefixed to a noun beginning with a Solar Letter the «l» of
«al» is assimilated to the Solar Letter, e.g. al-shams (the sun) is

pronounced ash-shamsu. No change takes place in writing (^^I^JjJl). The

assimilation is indicated by the shaddah on the first letter of the noun.

No such assimilation takes place with the Lunar Letters, e.g. al-qamaru

(the moon) is pronounced al-qamaru 0**Ji).

Here are some more examples of the assimilation of the «l» of «al» to the
Solar letters:
•
al-najmu becomes an-najmu
al-rajulu becomes ar-rajulu

• al-diku becomes ad-diku

• al-samaku becomes as-samaku
See the table of Lunar and Solar Letters.

Note that the «a» of «al» is pronounced only when it is not preceded by

another word.
If it is preceded by a word it is dropped in pronunciation, though it remains

in writing, e.g. al-baitu. Here the «a» is pronounced, but if it is preceded

by «wa» meaning "and" the «a» is dropped and the phrase is pronounced
wa-l-baitu not wa al-baitu.

To indicate this omission in pronunciation this sign « I » is placed above

the hamzah: c4?tj

26
The initial vowel (a, i, or u) which is omitted when preceded by a word is

called hamazatu l-wasl.

The door is open .£- yJu> L>Q\

9 * •

The pen is broken. /jjLSJ> lull

Note:

We have learn that the tanwm is the indefinite article, and it is to be

translated as «a», e.g. cJj a house. This does not apply to adjectives like
u
^_pii open", and jjl^i "broken".

Vocabulary:

^ rich
*
j&
-•
poor

J*> tall
J^ phort

Sj\j cold V hot

i« . - .-
j*A& sitting standing

*bA?r new old

^*lj* near far away

clean Laj dirty

small
'J big

light heavy

paper U\ water

apple beautiful

shop
& sweet

sick

27
 -> ,cS ». J" o si

LESSON FOUR

- 1° {ti
.fCUJl

0)

(V)
*-
- - o a - . ^ J

.^U^cJi ^-3 jA

uiP J* 'y* 1 Jajl

28
 EXERCISES 4)V

Answer the following questions:

5& —— •> WSfc^O)

fl-s«o*<Y)

tanLji y| (t-)

»>-tfo?(t)
<? L_*T ^ (0)
tl^ft J L*Tf ( \)

. tg&Ji
^ ^tf ( v)

f£j^it^3»(A)

cl

29
 :oUl£)1 jsMjf J2> ^o UST, \')\
( Y)

Read and write each of the following words vocalizing its last
letter:

•*.» «" o, o x o p o o o

^/^Jl ^Ip c ^-i^Jl ^1p c c-iSMjl c

^ .holt ^j c flUktt <J

* o

Read and write:

j > *>ai
...u.
.ysan j» p«i (i) .omjj 3JJ ( f)
0,0--' ° £

. JfrU^Jl <J > f 5-»l| Jjjl (A) •

J^ ^ > 1
* Lr-J^ !
oJ? (V)

30
Consider the following: -JJ £ j£(j
* 6 , t
4 wl

O
4 o V^l3

-*s

i ^iiP

J- *-

4 fl,^
3

» — II

Read and write each of the following words vocalizing its last
letter:

31
 (V)

j^ti^ftj! (Ji : -^I-wJ

-* -*

^ ••

1 oil ^J j* : ^jjJi
rf * 4 , f

2 », x -'J a &s*

> tf 6 * *

* 6 < *

_ ^ ^ ' - o? .» * - * J,

* * - t

j ,-• « a a s *
jjpfcjjt

32
 ' - ' ' - .,

Answer the following questions:

< *

Read and write each of the following words vocalizing its last
letter:

*
Read and write: -t -Qj i^_jt ,^ x

33
 ^""
> y y s s

. OUUJl ^* oJ^-j j£/d\ 'ja **o<&~ (V)

.* $

Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with a

suitable preposition:

(from - to- in -on)

j^iii cjiLm <t) . v^ii* C^ts£i»

0)
, * «

jLwit >uJt r/ (!) . *wWl JUVr L*ai (V)

. Otfdl Oft^ ^* V** (*)

New Words :

J o *" .»
-1° -Jli
43^*31

34
 POINTS TO REMEMBER
In this lesson we will learn the use of prepositions.

I.Arabic nouns have endings to show their functions in the sentence.

The normal ending of a noun is «-u'» as in

(The house is new), al-baitu jadid-u-n JojS? c4?I

A noun with the normal ending is said to be in the nominative case. In
>

Arabic it is called \$j>-

After a preposition this ending changes to: «-i» e.g.
al-bait-u (the house) / 9

1
fi l-bait-i (in the house) , »j ,
•

Bait-u-n (a house) i o.

fi bait-i-n (in a house)

al-maktab-u (the table) * ->r.

ala l-maktab-i (on the table)

^j£j\ ii
A noun preceded by a preposition is said to be in the genitive case (in

Arabic jj_f*°).

2. In this lesson we also learn the two pronouns: j — a "he, it", and [c—»
"she, it".

In Arabic all nouns are either masculine or feminine.

A masculine noun is referred to by the pronoun ja whether it denotes a
human being, and animal or a thing, e.g.

Where is the boy? p> r- ?. ,

=f

°
He is in the mosque. = -
u - *

Where is the book? p> .,/!. , *\

It is on the table. J>- ?, \, ,*

The word ^-^ has a long «?». But when it is followed by «al» the «T» is shortened because in Arabic
long vowels are not followed by a consonant which has no vowel, (fil fil ).

35
 And a feminine noun is referred to by the pronoun ^—» whether it

denotes a human being, an animal or a thing, e.g.

Where is Aminah? ^y - •{

She is in the house. i

- .
-»Jj

Where is the watch?

WfcllJl vf

It is on the bed. ^j, J^ -^

Most feminine nouns end with a round ta («) but there are some which
do not have any ending.

Note:

1. We have learnt that the tanwin is the indefinite article, e.g. c- —J a

house. This rule does not apply to proper nouns. So -ut — *• is just

"H^mid", not "a Hamid".

2. Feminine proper nouns have no tanwin, e.g. &*' co-yj c^Jpli

Vocabulary:

jj' where ^*^ on

»«- /

Ai^p room s-UUl sky

fU^-l bathroom J-^*Jl classroom

a 0/

*4^«
e — kitchen jp&yAs toilet

^ In

36
LESSON FIVE

**
* ^

« «« .-

^ J ^.^ ^ o* a
** J»* Oi 1 : J^uu

^-jIuJl ^JS^ jp 'jk :

*j*t\i

*
^ Ij I j£ ji III :
V-
y#£ll j$ fo : ^_ip

^ -*
**

. ui^Ji ci%j ^a ;
< ^ lp

37
 :S_#i *L£,Sli j* L-rf )

Answer the following questions:

«/ * j

*><
^

Vji-Ji 4^ yf (
r>

*** Jl Jj^ iaSh 1 juf (t)

Rewrite the two words in each group so that the second
word is in the possessive form:
W s r f s^ * O , t » y^0

JUl^" * < (*i5

1«^ J

lfjll«p
A <•

AMI c <->lsT

'III
Um JI M c
1

COj
'-* i» ,

^
S .» a
jjd-oi
-
- i

j\ t

'^ ,**
OjCLJl c 7" ls£» ail^ 4
JO**

£#f»
Nv

38
 roQSdl j^ljf Ja> ^ Li^ij y« (
r>
Read and write each of the following phrases vocalizing the
last letter of both the words:

** -^

. j*oii sis J& «

^^ c4j ^

Read: J1(i)
'J—

. ill c4i IjSf (f

». •>

•>* ffi c^'j vJ4 jlU y (V)

" w^ ^ * J tr ->" uJl
,
^5 (A)
o . °1l ' .'l - of --".*) » „* '
 . Ji\sf- ^dl$Ul llrttj Iju- ^jluJl 11,1

.
|jUl 4l»3^ M^J
1
£,j*** a^tUJl L*U

* * -

.f jUJl jJ ^Lp 5j\lJ U)

:^JJ UJ £ tyjJl *Jij 3xii ^U£- OjT (0

Make sentences by filling in the blanks:

* &C-* —3? <*> .^ic4J» (1

. X*J v^ 1
(*)

J-^3
. *UIp- **H& (\) vis* oi^ii (o

.jjL&> oJlkJl (A) .J^\ tff (V

' tl * ' * **
' ' ' 4
ji^UJi ja ^jwUJiti jry- (^ •)

40
 Correct the following phrases: :9iai our^ii -fe^i)
6 )U-Jl cJb oJt-kji jUiai

k jjLj\
6

cfS^ cH !
afjii iiii

.» is • .* a 6 x .4

•U^w« b : ju**-« (V)

.•*

Read and write each of the following nouns using the correct
ending:

•#••#> J ~, •* -'
.*»*.* 4»! St «

Read the following example, then make similar questions with

reference to the following pictures:

?y a ^ l,ljt
?,

41
 V^JJuJl *-**>! U . ixab»- ^ij^uJl *_«ul
«* **

s s s f y ,

Read the following sentences bearing in mind the rule of

hamzat-al-wasl

. •ufil^ •A*tf"^j dBjrf^ *wk-^i (\)

»
. c43« j* c-^lail $}l r-^ (Y)

X X

TJ*> *U li (•)

. j^jii # tst fcJf y y« ( \)

New words:
VI

-- 1
<ci5
ti

'J

UL^i

in*

-* *

42
 POINTS TO REMEMBER

In this lesson we learn the following:

1. Bilal's book (kit abu Bilal-i-n) J^j Litf

* a.
The imam's house (bait-u l-imam-i) U)P
f

In J*>^ w»lsT the first word is the thing possessed.

It is called mudaf. The second word ^% is the possessor. It is called

mudaf ilaihi.
•

Note:
a) that the mudaf takes neither the definite nor the indefinite

article. So it is wrong to say lW — > L>ls % or J*A; wJls£Jl. The

mudaf is definite by position, and does not need the definite
article.

b) the mudaf ilaihi is in the genitive case. It can have tanwin as in

the first example or Jl as in the second example.

Bilal-u-n bait-u Bilal-i-n

% <,.

al-imam-u bait-u l-imam-i

c) ? j— <> L>ll_f "whose book?". Note that °J* is not in the genitive
case because it is indeclinable, i.e. it does not change to
indicate its function. There are some indeclinable nouns in

Arabic which remain unchanged.

d) j*jM\ ^J. — >**

^J—*. Note that ^-ix* is in the genitive case
because of the preposition J—f-'and j*j&\ is in the genitive
case because it is mudaf ilaihi.

2. c 9xj "under". The noun following C*?%J is in the genitive because it is

o o a

mudaf ilaihi: t-Jl^oi cJ*j i

T*s£*}\ ci%^
i

3. tf is a vocative particle. A noun following \j has only one dammah:

43
 &£*{ U c£v£> U J*>^ b not J*>^ b
4 etc.

4. The words jU*t and j>* commence with hamzatu l-wasl. When preceded
by a word the initial «i-» is dropped in pronunciation.

.SiiT cijl llitj t J^ i}Sl jU-i

ism-u l-walad-i bilal-u-n, wa sm-u l-bint-i aminat-u

.yrb" *U)II jjlj tv4?^ ^j-U^ J>)

ibn-u l-mudarris-i tab?b-u-n wa bn-u l-imam-i tajir-u-n.

aina bn-u hamid-i-n? ?^^ j^ &)

Vocabulary:

The messenger under, beneath

Jj**J\
^ ».
•a! I
paternal uncle ^JVl son

^jUJi street 3jCJ^ car

&&1 The Kabbah lift here

Jt^l maternal uncle ^Ua there

jj&« closed, shut cJJl daughter, girl

*^y name i^Jai l doctor

Oi-i bag, case

44
 jrfdl -J! ^jJ II

LESSON SIX
6X

«u8lj j--\j ci/j ^-J^r -u£- jj!

TtJL O*

9S * ,* of > *

*? i. *.
'

?dl

j£j> dJL jfc

45
 f iJ A^J

A $* ** %

*• •'.' ;(

2 *• $ *+ +
. Ij^r 4JL»ir ^jb . ^Jp 4pL» aJLa

o J• a o tHx *

.jJiJ! jJ tfAUJl . jJU dJJtj 4ikU 0JU6

» ^-o .»

^*>UJi oyij oJLa

. j-P «Jtftj Oil OJLflJ

46
 *!*/ h
READ AND WRITE U I

* , • >

s* **

J*
*<*». >

>cr
»j^uJi C-iJ oJjt>j jiX^\ 'Ji\ IJLft (£) . A^-lsri oJLftj ULi Ijj* (f)
~
r
U... ,
J
. *%! ^ ^1 f ft f
^
s
jM i? (%) j-»b »1 AAA (O)

. 3Jil» eJLftj w/\J IJLa (V)

EXERCISES j jjUi

:ajl> j£ fo* b^STj JtftJl fjl (t)

Read the example and make sentences on this pattern:

&J*^ . L_J? !•& (t)

^ <4Li J i r
>

MtiSi . JUi L»di i)

(

%?' . jwj Jj^-Ji (O)

47
 ... 3j$aJi

f
. juu a^luJi (V)

... biyi .
>i> LJlkJl (A)

*
* s *

¥»

-
:hfi\ J^Jl wv# (I )

Correct the following sentences:

°
a /.„ £?» t u _.

. ^jSAa^j^il (Y)

. OjU-JI ry&* AAA (i)

48
 / , a

j-juji
j> 9 rj&\ 'J (O)

: oUJ^Ji j*\'J Ja> ii Lirij Hi (t)

^ <• »*^ ^ ^ ^" ^
Read and write the following sentences vocalizing the last
letter of all nouns:

. *u£J C*JU3j .WwU 1 Jla (

1

. j--\J oiA ? oaja [^J (Y)

. ^ J IkJl (f)

. ^J^xjlj (jj&ftjl 4i) (t)

New words: :ft*jfe)1 bQ&

,»
ji . •

' Jf
Vt

&r- 5^1

siiL-Di

49
 POINTS TO REMEMBER

In this lesson we learn:

1. aJ__a which is the feminine of Ui. It is pronounced oil* but the alif is

omitted in writing.

This is a boy and this is a girl. . djjb j oJj Ij a

2. Nouns and adjectives are made feminine by adding a «$» at the end.

The last letter before this (5) takes a fathah (a.)...

2, *. >

mudarris-u-n mudarris-a-t-u-n
(teacher) (lady teacher)

Some nouns have a separate form for feminine e.g.,

JV son M daughter

brother sister

All nouns in Arabic are either masculine or feminine. Feminine nouns and
adjectives usually have the 3-ending. But there are some words which do
not have this ending. Students when learning a new noun must learn its

gender also.

Double members of the body are usually feminine while single members
are masculine, e.g.

erninine Masculine

* %
Jj hand t/lj head

J^J 'eg ca>» nose

C& eye p* mouth

* U
QS\ ear ^rj face

50
3. J is a preposition meaning "belongs to, for" e.g.,

This belongs to Bilal and that belongs to Hamid. >lnJ Ctlii) c J*yU I JUfc

Praise belongs to Allah .<UJ lui-l

Note that the word aDi becomes *U lillah-i (belonging to Allah) by just

droppoing the alif. No lam need to be added to the word.

[>J means "whose" or "belonging to whom" e.g.,

Whose is this? Whom does this belong to?

Whose is the book?

Note that J» becomes J» when followed by J

s

4. Uaji means "also", e.g.

This is beautiful,

and that is also beautiful.

.J4^r UaJl dUi)

5. i^r means "very", e.g.

This is very big.

.i^r ^-^ lJ&

51
LESSON SEVEN

?0J ft
,y>

4 i«l OJLft
X
x XX

**
.a • «• -

. A-Py*A do J «CJs» OJLft

x x xx

ob;di 3* ids} j£*ji $* «&

U X O I**- -*
.X » /, II / u|0 » • X
. Oj^ai dbj aJU^Jp oja
x -*x

flj
U"

.J •£ \JLft

A kj ilb t^

52
 teJULrU
" ©«•* «* I 1

.
jjaji o^ul- ClAL"j ^jjjjt a^C oJu

» *
S*oJLft
a* —
1
U
MX -
.^oLP
W*f .

4^U ^Uj c JUl^- &C fliA cV

*4M iJUjj iJbi &Ui

Read and write:

rjfyO)

5^5J dJLLfj jUj>- (HJ3 (Y) .

***£- dJJij 4^3^» 0& ( > )
(#<» 9 If s

. ftitf iiLtfj J^r lift (i)

. JaS &b} LOT \jj>

(\) .yib dli>j 4l*jai aJLa (O)

.jie-di «£j^- diL-3 alliJi cj lift fVi

53
 :(oii 4 Ui) ^J& 330.1 *l>b 2^1 olUSft Jl >f (t)
Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with t*U or
ovU:

# *

** (?) Vi O) •? f 0)

:m o) ;& (O) 2ui*L> (t)

XM <*) ,j& (A) .J**** (V)

&\j (\ Y) .c-ixi (> >) •*>'

*„ *.* * ** >
ijfij** (>0) »&j*. 0*) •
(J-*
1 ** 0?)
sjifc (>A) -a^jb- (W> •J*r- 0^>
-2 hi (X •) 3* <n>

53^! ^ ,jtoH ^ J fc>ijii o^°i

(SJLb (
jj >f ( V)
illi) jljOJ

Fill in the blank in each of the sentences in Exercise 2 with d-Ui

or ilte

54
 New words:
t * s s s ""
i * ^ *
a k3i

i >g '
'jiBi

' » i
o^jj I'pty s.

* * * *

3ul ^iUi
I JJ*\ dJjt

POINTS TO REMEMBER
In this lesson we learn dii» which is the feminine of &J£ "that" e.g.,

This is Bilal and that is Hamid.

.JU&- CUiij cJ*>\j l&
This is Aminah and that is Maryam.
.*ij* '^Xti'j crtlaT QJJb

Vocabulary:

&3i she-camel <i Aj J 1 egg

duck Jij«jl mu 'adhdhin

nurse irWl hen

55
 ti

LESSON EIGHT

.L4> jj^ji &jy, >tf jir> ii*

,wU»o "w«JaJ) (t-^'J ^j-o^-° j^»l *-»>>

.yjill c43l dJdi} ^r&J cd» TJla

• V -- S S y S
o --

J
!N

EXERCISES

Answer the following questions?

^\3l 11.1 U ( Y)

a in B
*
!^I
TT
-
&:

56
 >**.-- *' -
Read and write: IjM (T)
j

<«/ i j

•
u-^f J*j» t«Wj <^j*U
1
Jejtl l& (t)

Lj L>i£Ji £Jj*} cl^r «^^il lift (T)

•* " <• - ^

r . >U6J ilL-j ;^J 53CJI oii (£)

. jiii £->$' ^U^J c^_p& Odt LU (O)

.^ila ^ ? &d\ «Jla vj (n>

*^i. -
. ^jiU) > V? ^iu cdi
t ii*f
( V)

L*? m#\ ^ S^'iii iAi

( A)
. fl

. if^ ^J }i eV ? 3*1* cdl ilJSf

)

>^ " - o
^-
O
diL-3 coudi ^ 33CJ1 ojla (
n

Read the example then change the following sentences on its

pattern:

. .u^Jj L>u^ji iju

•^^
>>&i) . 0jL-» 6JA (Y)

57
 ^jOjl^l-

s
j~±y* O* . 4PC C*JUL» (t)

• L^C*! . jU$ liA (0)

. 0S}J

. 5}«r .<&£ oJUb (V)

. JjjlL» iJla (A)

c/J ** * *•

»- <- e e

*• ** ** '
<«* S" S

Read the following example, then make questions and

answers on its pattern:

?^yS3l (iik *p : Jtt.

* - -

(JV) 0)

(^) (t)

(jjxUi)
M> (T)

f
(C^' ) (*)

(J^ 1
) (*)

O -*)
1

(V)

58
 0% ....(A)

(viui)
Me ...(H)

(UiLii)
0')

_3
£-;
to

£ * „ '

:*-?i\ ibi^i jj(j (0)

Read carefully the following examples:

SM •»V
^ajiuyiji ••^
'
a * :° '
»' ,>»
•-'ji
^
i

,» • :•.

^ Jj ixiyi jj.
^V »M
ouii Ji ©fiffb* £Ui^ QQt
5 *
Read and write:

t)3 .

& 8 y 1 & Pi>

.0.^0
jinn M OH P ( (

m
Jl

os c r
m
mm > 9 J ^ 8 D i
• .
.'"'

ion , , r „ >>L_ 7/.'

«* " ^ -

.^jiJ L>i£)i &I&3 4 _^j Ois3"i ijUb

. |Jt wVw >gJ i 1
" * •< ,- ,-

59
 Read:
o o
» - >

.jk^ioii Life fU?i c4J fftiyi ci; jjI (f

• *• • *-

.ijiki uU£ crJir fJUfc- jj-i^r jjI (i)

POINTS TO REMEMBER
In this lesson we learn:

1. How to say "this book" in Arabic. We have seen that L^UT I X

means "this is a book". Now we learn that oliSJi \Xk means "this

book". This is not a sentence. To make it a sentence we must add a

predicate e.g., "this book is new" ^t^r L^^Jl ^iJ*.

All demonstrative pronouns can be used to make this construction, e.g.,

That man is an engineer. .

Wu «
jJr\j\ dU3
a -
This watch is beautiful. m I a

J o a
That nurse is from Japan.
. JUUl ^ &^UJl dU;
2. We have seen that the normal ending of a noun is «-u», and it
changes to «-i» after prepositions, and when the noun is a
possessor, e.g.

The house is beautiful.

Bilal is in the house.

This is the key of the house.

60
Nouns ending in long «-a » have no endings. They remain
unchanged, e.g.,

This is America
.l£ty»l AAA
I am from America

He is the president of America

o ,,

3. UI> "behind",
f
U? "in front of". The noun after these have «-i»
ending e.g.

The house is behind the mosque. o

Hamid is in front of the teacher.

Hamid is in front of the teacher.

4. Lrlpr means "he sat".

Where did Muhammad sit?

He sat in front of the teacher.

Vocabulary:

l£jyl America 0^-*^ knife

ji** closed UwJt Germany

H^ Iraq IjsISwj England

^^ Switzerland
/ «?
> < » * H hospital

Note that the final t£ which pronounced has no dots. So

is alif J
is fi, and ^* is 'a/a.

61
 all ^j^—
II

LESSON NINE

(')

1» .- J 1> * * * ,

ij^J*^ kUlr
. JjJ&?

* I ••»

i»^ ^ i«

OJjJJ i^\i £bii!jl

<?CL \h u

62
 *0

.CJi
4
of

? a** ui cjff

EXERCISES l&
-C"'. ' f- - .

Read and write: iVaTlj Ijit (I)

f
^ J^j CJ (V)

'
(^ LT-J^ CJfl (A)
j^>J CJlt }a .V

«" ^

63
 O so

Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with a

suitable adjective:

>tf oJ& (Y) i?& %h&> (>)

^ x

y& jjkeft (£> & al>Si (

r>

-- 1* -* a)

^jX* Ul (*V) 45 13 ^Uxll (O)

.
AaJ tijJ&jW (A) ^--J* JU^ti (V)

"iliXfi tjb\&\ (> ) LJlk cJu (S)

:£-.(* \Ijm; l_#fy J^sJi J JWi £&Jl J k> (T)

Fill the blank
in in each of the following sentences with a
suitable ^j*-^:

j*Ji $(t) .al£* &^i 0)

•jj~&> liA(4) .^* >•*<?)

J .- X

.cftCT J^a3 ( d )

Read :
:f>Jl (i)

J _ J e

OOJaP llf iV ? OlP^r cJff (Y) .&&j* 111

(>)

64
 .9f

New words: :3i

J^-^
y

D^-JLT
M<
O^L^ oi :t.hfc 0L_*>
—
4^

&a*JI di ::*'*
ft* JJ-

(V)

^J^' J$

. jjjuji alp ji

65
 4 *

1 >«
l -\\
4 a »

* .
XX XX X ™ X

-' ^Qgp - . - -
^^;
» ^ »» * -

£~~j

EXERCISE L*U"
-*J

.0

Read and write: *i9i(i)

,8 xO ""
1° • *

x x x ~x x ^
*x x^ ^ i

X «» X X X ** x x

XX X ^x
.jejjJl
J\ 'jM\ Jfr> LJ»i ( v

!« <" X X

.dip Itf-
'J& iiUi (5

x- a

66
 •^^ u*J^ O* 1
J* *>** Jljfo U» J* (1 t

<uL*i out ^j* ^ ^OJi c^Jb Jb UJ * fJJt i SGi cT)

the blank
Fill in in each of the following sentences with the
adjective given in brackets. Add Jl if necessary:

(S**)*
£r££&itfO)
- J

6»f )
-Jj-* <i >t* (t)

.(^) CJi uf (?)

(lair) .*u^i U£- CJikJi ^J£ (t)

>« ^

<j*>) y^iii ^ £> ^it iyt

^ (0)
<>*> Xj'jteO)

&&) sJ^2w»<V)

fc>
6>*&) * ipi a* -^ (A)

q£&) pi (xk (<*)

$ h* Sfc*ii(oo

&•*)? 53C-JI di* ^J (1 1)

67
 Read:
'J- 0")

* Jt X X x ^" -
^

< XX < X

.v&dt j* <fjs\ j^jjt lift lii vu ( r>

X , „, »

# x x ^"^x _!!— — .-

** * XXX
Read the example, then make sentences on its pattern:

0)
00
l» if x Ji

a iJ *f i/O"** (?)
.^•Aill ciJ (
i)

•f*yV <•>

*bJ — Sf

4- i
mi o Jax

68
 POINTS TO REMEMBER

Part A

In this iesson we learn:

1. The adjective in Arabic. The adjective in Arabic follows the noun it

qualifies, i.e. unlike in English it comes after the noun, e.g.,

*
A new house l»a^-

In Arabic the adjective is called na't (cJJ), and the noun it qualifies
is called man'ut(CJ^). The adjective is in agreement with the noun in

the following matters:

a) Gender. The adjective of a masculine noun is masculine, and that

of a feminine noun is feminine, e.g.,

* .<• *.{' *

a small boy a small girl

a new book a 'new car

b) Being definite or indefinite. If the noun is definite the adjective is

also definite. And if the noun is indefinite so also is the adjective,

e.g.,

Bilal is a new teacher.

The new teacher is in the

class. «•

c) Case. The adjective is in the same case as the man'ut, e.g.,

This is a new house, (bait-u-n jadid-u-n) 1^ c-i; {jj*

I am in a new house, (fi bait-i-n jadid-i- j»fr J

ci' ' bi
n) ,
~.
;
-•
sr

The new house is beautiful, (al-bait-u I- *U£ *

jja^il eJPl
jadid-u) >

Who is in the new house? (fi l-balt-1 I- ^jujl^Ji c*3°1 J fcT

\i
jadid-i) J\
'
; " sT

69
 2. Adjectives ending in «-an» have no tanwin, e.g.

d%^S kaslan-u (lazy)

d&yr jau'anu (hungry)

dCiiaP ^atshan-u (thirsty)

dCb* ghadban-u (angry)

l^ mal'an-u (full)

Vocabulary:

i^UJl fruit English (language)

*
1« ^

jjAuuSl sparrow difficult

yliajl bird &jll city

«L*j*Jt Arabic Cairo

SaiJt language ft» today

S& easy bUJ why

lp?«-a hardworking 0£)l cup

j#> famous

PartB

In this part we learn:

1. Adjective qualifying a definite noun, e.g.,

where is the new teacher

2. Relative pronoun c£J — »« If it refers to a human being it is to be

translated "who", and if it refers to an animal or a thing "which", e.g.

.j&b >tf 0Y» o*UJl 'ja

^> ^il j*>l

70
 The man who went out of the mosque just now is a famous
merchant.

* 9

The house which is in front of the mosque belongs to the imam.

3. Note that when J is used with a noun having Jl, the alif of Jl is
-

omitted:

4. Itf- "with". The noun following it has «-i» ending e.g.,

f
The teacher is with the headmaster. It p Jfi iJi

Vocabulary:

library

6¥l now, just now jijjpl minister

Stii there *** sharp

o

J£*yL^\ clinic, small hospital JjiJt market

**-j^Jl fan ~~-JjM Indonesia

f 9,
JjxJl Kuwait ^j&Jl street

71
 o

AtflVJUl
LESSON TEN

X
1 1 * I ff * * ' *

* 6 s * » Ji/ /

?£U» ^jJl ya2l tj& ^ij :!•£

<* -•

. "
t
• * * * •» *

s s

»• • • ^

.OUU! ^ jA « V : j^w*

•" tf • kf j < t * x J

72
 . <u^«i am ^a .*« : »u?b»

* * ** *-! • m a t s

.djjiiJl 4J*UJI ,-9 UA ,-** _jAj t 4*U>1 <U*»>1 cJL^-ij pi .J .*-*J : JU^u*

s * I

.tfJZp ^hjj-^rjj fif d»j«H (V l^J ^ V-^J ^fr*-"

1
W^'J £**' JJ

^^ -- ^

it J 4 i« -

73
 o <
EXERCISE jij.

A 'ft\ *LcJi\
s y
^ L^f ( \
Answer the following questions:

t CJI #1 ^ (Y) f d il»i U(V)

•*
tlJJ
j* -

?3?(£) fStl & U (f)

? jM aJf (i)

liaLpf (A) tOl &LJ1 ( V)

Jr. s5 ^ £ «. t* a

c$b*0?)
i >»?
? flj j^l(Vd)

<?4 A) U(1A)

„4 ^o^ ^ of „

^
,»« ^/ J ,/J
^JJ T <f t)

74
 Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with the
suitable pronoun (li / «):

•HO
->-
—^ ,0
.
*
a?U» ciJi dii <•

i>^ -50 .
U> j0~ ( Y)

•* ** -^ .*?*J!*'i& & <r>

•^ ^ -if j ' aSytfi

^ *ut (t>

^j** —s*\j « "CJp &J& (©)

—Vj **• e/*j J-**' cr* ^^^ ^y- o>
^ o ^ r ^ -»

Make five questions with their answers on this pattern:

^ o »» •* * «*

Make five questions with their answers on this pattern^

. ;Uj <£oSp u cV ?jui ftfef

'^ o ^ . o *.• -- s

Complete the following on this pattern:

i- r
' w
* <
* r
*. to
* " s
' ' \*
'. \. •> ' OS »*
»

75
Read:

With:
 .jj4*I1 *i 1/jXcA\ [jJsr (T)

. l^-jj l^o <U*I (0)

?s
^fi
Ss s s
A*A
s >#

J*J*
ft
S AAA
* ** ' *
gj»
' *\

p
° ^ 0> li
.CUJl 0*
•" % +
^| ^ ++
(\)

.«.»», * 0^
l$s r*vi"
</* (A)

4 fl
^ ;f
^ :U
< f
s>f 21jM :ri

.< ^

f •* >*

Alb- *U*«-o
(^)
*, , I

*
i
:la>ijf Ja>0 V~^ *Ul»ty tyl

77
 Read the following proper names vocalizing the last letter in each
of them:

New words: :3ajO^Jl olUSjl

POINTS TO REMEMBER
In the lesson we learn:

1. The possessive pronouns: 25, *,&,<£'

kitab-u-ka (your book). Here "your" is for

^JjIsS*
masculine singular

kitab-u-hu (his book) "^

kitab-u-ha (her book)

0g
kitab-i- for kitab-u-i (my book) •£»

These pronouns are not full-fledged words. They are like suffixes

attached to the nouns.

2. As we have seen "your book" is iblsT and "his book" is *j& '.

* i * f

The word for "father" is V' and for "brother" is r),

"Your brother" is SJjtf (akhu-ka) and not &&f (akhuka).

An extra waw j has to be added between the mudaf and the mudaf
ilaihi. In the same way "his father" is not ajI (abuhu) but ijfi (abuhu).

78
 Note the following:
/ t 0.

"Muhammad's house" is *U*w« Cw

Us* /f
But "Muhammad's father" is *Us*j> y\

And "Muhammad's brother" is -U^ ^W.

"My father" and "my brother" have no extra waw, e.g. <d\ kuA.
The nouns which take this extra waw when they are mudaf are
four words. You have learnt two, and you will learn the other
two in future m\ *& d\.
y

3. We have already learnt that the word ^ meaning "with" is also used

to convey the idea of "to have" e.g., ?jii$ Q'jL *\ "Have you a pen?"
(literally, "Is there a pen with you?")

4. We have already learnt the preposition J meaning "belonging to"

When it is attached to the pronouns it takes fathah (J): dU "belongs
to you", i) "belongs to him", $ "belongs to her"; but J "belonging to
me", has kasrah.

Note:

£} J> means "I have a brother", literally "a brother belongs to me."
s

j»3 ^ means "with" I have mouth" literally "a mouth belongs to me."

It is wrong to say jM t£4«WjU c£-u_p because '£* is used with things

which are separable, and relations and parts of the body are not of this

nature.

5. We have learnt L*_ai "he went". Now we learn C-I—ai "you went"
(masculine singular) and c^*^ "I went" (both masculine and feminine).

Did you go to school today? &yxj\ ^_Jl

rfJ\
Yes, I went. c°V> t ljo

79
 f -0

6. We have learnt that feminine proper nouns have no tanwin e.g. t<*4j—

<u*i

Likewise, masculine proper nouns with 3- ending also have no tanwin, e.g.

7. £— * Means with. To understand the difference between ^ and •&-

remember that if you say;

* i. ' » * * ' * \ .

"The teacher is with the headmaster" it means that the teacher has

gone to the headmaster's office, and he is with him there, but ^j-UJi

j— £.uil £_J doesn't have this restriction. He can be with the

headmaster anywhere.

Note that the noun after £i has «-i» ending.

w u
8. 4*a\irJb "at the university". -^ is a preposition meaning at" in".

Note that V)y^\ AluuJU &%S$\ <u*li-l means "Islamic University at

Madinah Munawwarah".

9. In lesson 1 we have learnt that U means 'what'. This word is also

used as a negative particle, so .5jL*> ^jIp U means 1 don't have a
V
car', I have no car'.

Jr ^ 1
colleague, classmate ^J< young man

£j)Jt husband i^-lj one

JAJ1 child

80