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1Introduction

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isabon7044
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction

This course provides a comprehensive understanding of the development of


contemporary China, especially about Chinese diplomacy and foreign policies
since 1978.
1978 was an important year for China and China This year, China ended Mao’s
ideology and took a pragmatic line, decided to start the reforms and opening up
to the outside world.

What is the reforms and opening up ?


Reform: economic reform: to introduce market economy elements into socialist
economy: socialist market economy
Why and how did it happen?
The impact of the reform and opening up over Chinese society and life of the
Chinese people
Chinese foreign policies and the reforms and opening up
A Review of Chinese Modern History Since 1911

• The First Opium War( 1839 – 1842) and Nanjing treaty: China
was forced to open up.
• The Taiping Rebellion(1853-1864) : Qing government won
decisively, although at great cost to its fiscal and political
structure.
• The Second Opium War (1856 -1860 ) waged by Britain and
France against China and China was compelled to sign unequal
treaties(Tianjing treaty, Convention of Peking) to grant favorable
tariffs, trade concessions, reparations and territory to Western
powers
• The Westernization (Self-strenthing)Movement(1860-)
• The first Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Semozeki treaty.

• The Boxer Rebellion（1900） and Eight-Nation Alliance

• The 1911 Revolution (Xinhai Revolution) and the establishment


of the ROC: ended Qing and established the ROC in 1912

• The May Fourth Movement (1919.5.4): A Chinese anti-


imperialist, student Patriotic Movement

• New Culture Movement (1915–1921): An anti-traditional value


movement, "Mr. Science" 赛先生 and "Mr. Democracy"德先生
The emergence of two political powers in China: KMT and CCP:
Chinese United League was founded in 1905 and renamed as KMT in 1919, CCP was formed in
Shanghai in 1921.
Two groups of Chinese elites, both of them are nationalists who disagree on the ways to save
China

The First United Front and Northern Expedition (1926–28)

The First Chinese Civil War (1927–1937)

• Manchurian Incident (1931.9.18) and the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-45)

• The Second Chinese Civil War (1946–1949)

• Mao Zedong and the Foreign Policy of the PRC 1949


• “lean to one side” and The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
• The Korean War and confrontation between the PRC and the
US
• Sino-Japanese relations

• Oppression of anti-revolutionary movement 1950-53

• One-hundred flower Campaign and Anti righteous


Campaign(1956-57)
• Great Leap Forward Movement 1958
• Great Cultural Revolution

• Mao's death and down of gang of four

• Deng's coming back and China's opening to the outside world

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