TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 3
Book Guidance ......................................................................................................................... 4
Video Guidance ........................................................................................................................ 4
Key to Pronunciation ............................................................................................................... 6
Unit 1 The Hero’s Steps ........................................................................................................... 7
Learning Objectives
Learning Tasks
Functional Texts: Narrative Texts
Unit 2 Healthy Life, Happy Life ........................................................................................... 24
Learning Objectives
Learning Tasks
Functional Texts: Analytical Exposition Texts
Unit 3 From the field, To The Letter.................................................................................... 39
Learning Objectives
Learning Tasks
Functional Texts: Formal and Informal Letter Texts
References ............................................................................................................................... 53

3
 BOOK GUIDANCE

1. This book is connected with animated videos.

2. Link for the video is given in the “Pre Activity” section in each unit.
3. Please note that on some pages, there are some instructions written in bold, these
instructions ask you to watch the animated video first before doing the assignments in
the book.
4. There are also some instructions in the animated video related to the tasks in the book,
the instructions are written in white.
5. You can pause the video if the instructions in the video ask you to do a task in this
book.
6. You can continue playing the video again after completing the task to know the next
instruction/other things in the video.

VIDEO GUIDANCE
1. First, make sure that your device has an internet connection.

2. After that, copy the link.

3. Then, open google chrome

4. Paste the link in here.

4
5. Click enter, then press the play button to play the video.

6. Or click the “download’ icon to download the video & to watch the video without an
internet connection.

7. Finally, the video is ready to watch and ready to use with this book.

5
KEY TO PRONUNCIATION

6
7
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After learning this chapter, the students are expected to:

a. identify the social function, generic structure and language features of narrative text.
b. identify fictional and non-fictional narrative text.
c. identify the use of question words who, where, when, why, how, and which by
watching animated videos.
d. analyze, conclude meaning, and evaluate the social function, text structure and
linguistic elements of written texts in the form of fictional and non-fictional
narratives.
e. interpret a picture of narrative text.
f. Write a linear narrative text about the hero's figure using simple past tense correctly.

Let’s meet the

characters

Ms. Jennie Victor Andrea

8
 LEARNING TASKS

Task 1

Warm up question
In pairs, study the following stories and then classify the stories based on their types such
as fables, legends and fairy tales.

Sources:
1. https://shorturl.at/MhKOc
2. https://shorturl.at/TKWkV
3. https://shorturl.at/8YhuK
4. https://shorturl.at/I58W1
5. https://shorturl.at/q2Zgt
6. https://tinyurl.com/y6ftz9bf

9
 Task 2

Identify the title, characters, and moral value based on the picture.

Title Text type Characteristics Moral

Robin Hood Speak up when we

Legend Brave, kind, helpful see someone being
treated unfairly.

Source:
https://www.imdb.com/tit
le/tt4212188/

Mulan

Source:
https://princess.disney.co
m/mulan

Source:
https://pondokbacatulis.

10
 wordpress.com/2020/07/
12/alibaba-dan-40-
penyamun/

Source:
https://kidscreen.com/20
14/06/11/disney-readies-
lion-king-spinoff-movie-
and-series-for-tv/

Fairytale :A type of narrative text that tells a fantasy story or an unreal story.
Legend :A type of narrative text that comes from a combination of folk tales and fairy
tales.
Folktale :A type of narrative text from a story that is developing in society.
Fable :A type of narrative text that uses animal characters as the main characters.

Task 3

Scan the barcode and watch the video related to the narrative text. Answer the
questions according to the contents of the animated video provided.
In this section you will learn the definition, social function, generic structure, types
of narrative text and language features in narrative text.
Scan the barcode to access the video. In the video, Miss Jennie explains the
definition, generic structure, social function, types of narrative text and language features
of narrative text. Make sure that you pay attention to the video.

Question :
1. Do you understand narrative text? If so, explain according to your understanding.
2. Mention what is explained in the video? Explain it clearly.
3. What benefits have you gained after watching the animated video?

Task 4

11
 Work individually. Read a narrative essay entitled “Pocahontas” and answer the
questions based on the story.

Once upon a time, in the lush lands of what is now Virginia, lived a young
Native American woman named Pocahontas. She was a member of the Powhatan tribe,
Orientation a large and influential group of Native American people. One day, while exploring the
forests, Pocahontas encountered a group of English settlers. Among them was a man
named John Smith. The settlers had arrived in the New World aboard the Susan
Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery, seeking new opportunities. “Who are you?”
Pocahontas asked, curious about these strangers.“I am John Smith, and we come from
a faraway land called England,” John replied.The two spoke at length, with Pocahontas
fascinated by the stories of England and John intrigued by the ways of the Powhatan
people.
As time passed, tensions grew between the Powhatan tribe and the English
settlers. Despite this, Pocahontas and John Smith developed a friendship. They often
Complication met and shared stories and knowledge about their respective cultures. One fateful day,
John Smith found himself in grave danger, captured by the Powhatan tribe. According
to some accounts, Pocahontas bravely intervened. “Father, please spare his life!”
Pocahontas pleaded to her father, Chief Powhatan. Seeing his daughter’s concern and
the potential for peace, Chief Powhatan agreed and released John Smith.
Pocahontas became a symbol of peace between the Powhatan tribe and the
English settlers. She often visited the settlement at Jamestown, bringing food and
helping to maintain a fragile peace. Later, Pocahontas was captured by the English and
Re-orientation held for ransom. During this time, she learned about Christianity and eventually chose
to convert, taking the name Rebecca. She married an Englishman named John Rolfe, a
union that brought a period of peace between the Powhatan tribe and the English
settlers. With John Rolfe, Pocahontas had a son named Thomas. Eventually, Pocahontas
traveled to England with her husband.

12
 There, she was received as a princess and met many important figures, including
King James. Sadly, Pocahontas fell ill and passed away at a young age. Her legacy,
Conclusion however, lived on as a symbol of peace and understanding between two vastly different
cultures.

Source:https://dreamlittlestar.com/pocahontas-bedtime-story/
1. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text ?
2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
3. What is the complication of this text?
4. How did Pocahontas become a symbol of peace between the Powhatan tribe and
the English settlers?
5. What are the moral values from the text ?
6. Find the synonyms from the words below, you can find more than one synonym
for each word

Words Synonyms

Fascinated

Arrive

Found

Lived

Ransom

13
Task 5

Read the material below as a guide to completing task 6.

14
15
 Simple Past Tense
Formula of Simple Past Tense :
Subject + Verb 2 +Object or Complement
From the text Pocahontas and Robin Hood, you find sentences:
1. Pocahontas became a symbol of peace
Subject Verb 2 Complement

2. Robin Hood disguised himself as an old man

Subject Verb 2 Complement

Regular and Irregular Verb

REGULAR IRREGULAR

V1 V2 Meaning V1 V2 Meaning

Arrive Arrived Tiba Hold Held memegang

Learn Learned Belajar Fight Fought berkelahi

Jump Jumped Melompat Speak Spoke berbicara

Travel Traveled Bepergian Give Gave memberikan

Live Lived Hidup Take Took mengambil

16
 Task 6

Work individually to determine generic structure and language features. Complete the
following tables based on the text below.
Kao Liang the Hero
Once upon a time, when Emperor Ming ruled Peking, there was a general named Liou
Po Jun. He built a tall fortress around the land of Peking. When their work was almost finished,
a horseman galloped by bringing shocking news. The water in every well in Peking had dried
up. General Liou Po Jun was not only a war commander. He was also a wise man and had a lot
of knowledge. He knew that something strange had happened. He then gathered his soldiers
and said, “My loyal soldiers! You must be careful because the water that disappears from every
well in Peking means that there is death threatening our city. Whoever among you is brave and
kind can save thousands of innocent people in this country. This is not an easy task. But
whoever succeeds in carrying out this task will receive honor and love from all the citizens of
the city.” The soldiers remained silent, until a young soldier said, “General, let me do it.”
This young man was named Kao Liang. The general took Kao Liang to another place
and said, “I told you, this is not an easy task. Remember, no matter what happens, you must
not tell anyone about it. Tomorrow morning, you must ride a horse to the mountain with full
clothes and weapons. You must ride northwest. There, you will meet an old woman pulling a
cart and an old man pushing the cart from behind. The cart is carrying two barrels of water.
The old man is the dragon king and the old woman is the dragon queen. They are the ones who
caused this disaster. Long ago, there was a sea around here and not a city like it is now. But the
Chinese people drained the sea and built this city of Peking. Now the dragon king does not
know where to live. He must move from here to the sea. He is angry and wants revenge. The
two barrels contain water from all over Peking. You must stop the cart from going any further.”
“How do I take the water of Peking from the dragon king?” Kao Liang asked. “You must ride
to the cart at full speed and stab the two barrels with your spear.” “That doesn’t seem difficult,”
Kao Liang said. “That part is not difficult. But what is difficult is saving your own life after
that. You must ride back here as fast as possible. You must not look back from your horse
before it has taken a hundred steps. Only then can you be saved.” The next day, Kao Liang
galloped on his horse through the mountain road. He wore heavy armor and carried a strong
spear heading northwest.

17
 On the road, he saw an old couple pulling and pushing a cart carrying two large barrels.
Kao Liang actually felt sorry for them. But he was a soldier and soldiers always obeyed their
general’s orders. So, with his spear drawn he rode forward and as fast as lightning stabbed the
two barrels. In one swift step he turned and his horse galloped back toward the palace.
Suddenly, he heard two loud explosions like the earth exploding. He heard terrible screams and
the sound of thunderous laughter. Remembering the general's words, Kao Liang continued to
gallop his horse toward the city and covered his ears.
The ground moved beneath him and beads of sweat rolled down his face. He felt as if
a large group of riders were chasing him behind and about to catch him. But he remembered to
count his horse's paces. When he felt he had taken a hundred steps, he looked back.
Unfortunately, Kao Liang made a mistake. He had only taken ninety-nine steps. He saw the
roar of water rushing toward him in a few seconds. A giant wave hit poor Kao Liang and
drowned him instantly. Soon after that the flood subsided. Silence fell and the water seeped
back into the wells of Peking. On the outskirts of Peking, there was a spring that was the source
of Ming Chu Lake. They said that in that beautiful place water gushed out of barrels carried by
the dragon king. A bridge was built at the source of the water. The bridge was named Kao
Liang, in memory of the young soldier who saved Peking from the flood
Source:https://bobo.grid.id/read/083723285/dongeng-anak-kao-liang-sang-pahlawan-
mendongenguntukcerdas?page=all

Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs

Simple Past Tense

1. Who are the characters from the story “Kao Liang the Hero”?

18
 2. What happened to the characters?

3. How the story ends?

4. What is the moral value you learn from the story?

Task 7

Read the story below and you will find that the story contains several parts.
Summarize each part of the story.
Robin Hood

Once upon a time, in Sherwood Forest, there lived a legendary hero named Robin Hood.
He was an outlaw, a skilled archer, and the leader of a band of merry men, including Little
John, Friar Tuck, Will Scarlet, and Alan-a-Dale. They fought against the injustice of the cruel
Sheriff of Nottingham and the greedy nobles, stealing from the rich to give to the poor.
One day, the Sheriff of Nottingham decided to hold an archery contest in the town, with a
golden arrow as the prize. He hoped to lure Robin Hood out of hiding and capture him. Robin
Hood, hearing of the contest, decided to participate, knowing that it was a trap but confident in
his skills as an archer.
On the day of the contest, Robin Hood disguised himself as an old man and entered the
competition. Archers from near and far gathered to test their skills, but none could match
Robin’s marksmanship. In the final round, with the target set at an incredible distance, Robin
Hood drew his bow and fired a perfect shot, hitting the bullseye.
The crowd cheered, and the Sheriff of Nottingham, realizing that only Robin Hood
could have made such a shot, ordered his men to arrest the old man. However, Robin Hood
revealed his true identity, and with the help of his Merry Men who had infiltrated the crowd,
they fought off the Sheriff’s guards and escaped.
Robin Hood took the golden arrow and returned to Sherwood Forest, where he and his
Merry Men continued their fight for justice and the protection of the poor. The legend of Robin
Hood and his heroic deeds spread far and wide, inspiring hope and courage in the hearts of the
common people.
Source: https://katadata.co.id/lifestyle/varia/6502793eae294/3-cerita-dongeng-bahasa-inggris-singkat-yang-
bisa-dibacakan-pada-anak

19
 1. The first part of the story introduces the characters in the story, where, and when the
story happened.

2. The second part of the story is when the characters faced problems

3. The last part is the ending of the story which is how the story ends.

Task 8

Complete the complication and resolution sentences from the narrative text below in
your own words according to the explanation given in the Task 5.

The Kind Elephant

That afternoon the atmosphere in the forest was very hot. The place where the mouse
deer, the elephant, and the other animals lived seemed to be on fire. The mouse deer was thirsty
as he continued to walk looking for water. In the middle of the journey he saw a pool of very
clear water. Without thinking he immediately jumped into the pool. The mouse deer's actions
were very reckless, he didn't think about how to get up. Several times the mouse deer tried to
climb, but he couldn't get to the top. The mouse deer couldn't do anything. He just shouted for

20
help. The mouse deer's screams were heard by the elephant who happened to be passing by that
place.

Since then, mouse deer have become a very good animal. He no longer does mischief
like he used to do to other animals. Indeed, we must be careful when acting. If we are not
careful, we will be in trouble. If we are careful, we will be safe. We can even save other people.

Task 9

Work in pairs. Write the text about fable/ fairy tales/ legend/ folktale/myth based on
the generic structure, social function, and language features of narrative text.

Reflection

After you have studied this unit, write your reflection on this unit.

What I have learned from this unit:

The information I understand the most:

21
Information that I want to learn more:

My opinion about this unit:

SUMMARY

22
 WORD LIST

Word list Meaning

Brave Berani

Clever Cerdas

Lie Berbohong

Troops Pasukan

Oppressed Tertekan

Freedoms Kebebasan

Struggle Berjuang

Equality Kesetaraan

Right Hak

Terrible Sangat buruk

23
 READING COMPREHENSION TEST
(PART 1)
NARRATIVE TEXT
For Junior High School Students
Grade XII

Read the following text and answer questions 1-5!

One hot day, an ant was searching for some water. After walking around for some time, she came
for a spring.
To reach the spring, she had to climb up a blade of grass. While making her way up, she slipped and
fell into the water.
She could have drowned if a dove up a nearby tree had not helped her. Seeing that the ant was in
trouble, the dove quickly plucked a leaf and dropped it into the water near the struggling ant. The ant
moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon, it carried her safely to dry ground.
Just as that time, a hunter nearby was throwing out his net towards the dove, hoping to trap it.
Guessing what he was about to do, the ant quickly bit him on the heel. Feeling the pain, the hunter
dropped his net. Quickly, the dove flied away to safety.
(Source: Practice Your English Competence 2)

1. Which of the characteristics match for the characters?

i. The Ant Clumsy
ii. The Ant Cruel
iii. The Dove Kind
iv. The Dove Stupid
a. i
b. ii, iii
c. i, iii
d. iii, iv
2. Which of the statements are in line with the text?
i. The ant walked around to find
the hunter
ii. The dove helped ant when he
saw the ant in the trouble
iii. The dove flied away from the
hunter’s trap
iv. The hunter made a decision to
trap the ant
a. i, ii
b. ii, iii
c. i, iv
 d. ii, iii, iv
3. According to the story, what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
a. The ant found the spring
b. The dove was trapped by the hunter
c. The ant fell into the river
d. The dove was helped by the ant from the hunter
4. From the text we know that the dove was ...
a. patient
b. stupid
c. liar
d. nice
5. What is the moral value of the text?
a. Lying breaks trust
b. Greed leads one to downfall
c. Kindness will always be rewarded
d. Friends can be any shape or size

Read the following text and answer questions 6-10!

Once, there was a crow named Jasper. He was known for his intelligence and quick thinking.
One day, as he soared through the sky, he spotted a big feast. A group of animals had prepared
it near a riverbank.
Slowly, Jasper flew down to investigate. To his disappointment, he discovered that the feast
was only for the animals who could swim well, like the ducks and the otters.
Unwilling to accept defeat, Jasper perched on a tree branch, observing the scene below. He
noticed that the animals took turns diving into the river to catch fish. Then they return to the
feast after proving their swimming skills.
Jasper was a bird and could not swim. He felt left out. However, he didn't give up. Instead,
he made a plan. Luckily, Jasper saw a turtle resting by the riverbank. He approached the turtle
and said, "dear friend, if you let me ride on your back, I can pluck fish from the water and share
them with you. We both get to enjoy the feast!"
The turtle agreed. Jasper jumped onto the turtle's back, and they ventured into the water.
Using his beak, Jasper skillfully plucked fish from the river, sharing them with the turtle. The
other animals, astonished by Jasper's intelligence, welcomed him to the feast.
The crow not only enjoyed a delicious meal but also made new friends among the animals
of the riverbank.
(Source: https://www.gutenberg.org/)

6. “…he didn't give up” has the similar meaning as …

a. Jasper thought that his effort was useless
b. Jasper made the jug broken
c. Jasper’s effort made him frustrated
 d. Jasper tried to find the drink and food
7. The text is written to …
a. inform the readers that Jasper was helped by turtle
b. give the information to the readers about Jasper’s effort
c. give moral lesson to the readers about Jasper’s effort
d. get the moral value from the turtle’s story
8. Which of the following is are the problem and solution?
a. Jasper wanted to find some meals, so he decided to swim the river
b. Jasper was helped by the turtle because he couldn’t swim
c. Jasper crossed the river by himself because the turtle couldn’t help him
d. The turtle helped Jasper because he wanted to be famous
9. Where did probably the story take place?
a. Dessert
b. Paddy field
c. River
d. Forest
10. What does the writer want to teach us?
a. Heed the warnings of those who are wiser
b. Anger leaves scars on people
c. You may be smart, but there are smarter people than you
d. We must never give up to reach our dream

Read the following text and answer questions 11-15!

There lived a princess Dandelia from Fistulina Kingdom who was as beautiful as a dandelion
flower. Princess Dandelia was smart with beautiful shiny black hair like glass. One day, a disaster
stroke with the great fire. The citizens of Fistulina fled to the Kingdom of
Alnicola, their neighbour. Because they were in a hurry, they didn’t have time to bring any
valuables. At first, King Alnicola welcomed him with open arms. But, over time, he could not afford
to continue to bear the lives of the Fistulina people. On the other hand, the Fistulina Kingdom needed
a lot of money to rebuild the empire.
King Alnicola suggested King Fistulina to pay a high price as long as he can have such beautiful
hair. But when the king begged it to Princess Dandelia, she refused it. King Fistulina got an idea of
cutting Princess Dandelia’s glass hair while sleeping but the plan failed. Feeling worried, Princess
Dandelia secretly fled from the palace.
Princess Dandelia walked on and on. Along the way, many children surrounded Princess
Dandelia while admiring her hair. Princess Dandelia was stunned looking at the skinny, pale,
starving children. Unknowingly Princess Dandelia’s tears fell. Her heart was touched to see the
children’s suffering. Princess Dandelia quickly ran to his father and gave her hair to the people of
Fistulina.
 Every morning, to her surprise, Princess Dandelia found her hair was as long as it used to be!
King Fistulina sold Princess Dandelia’s glass hair to the neighbouring kingdoms. Some used them
as wigs and decorations for royal crowns. Turned out, it’s not just her hair that’s shiny. Princess
Dandelia’s heart was clear and sparkling like glass.
(Source: https://majalahinggris.com/2022/08/07/english-story-dandelia-the-glass-haired-princess/)

11. What is the writer’s intention of writing the text?

a. To describe Princess Dandelia
b. To persuade readers to help Princess Dandelia
c. To tell how to resolve Princess’s problems
d. To entertain the readers about the story of Princess Dandelia
12. What is the main problem of the story?
a. Princess Dandelia struggled from her father’s greed
b. Princess Dandelia found her hair
c. Princess Dandelia caused the disaster in her kingdom
d. The King wanted Princess Dandelia to marry with the handsome prince
13. What happened after Princess Dandelia cry?
a. The Princess sold her hair
b. Princess Dandelia’s hair grew as long as it used to be
c. The king Alnicola was angry with her
d. The people of Fistulina kingdom chased her
14. What can we learn from the story?
a. A sharp mind is your greatest strength
b. Greed destroys your resource
c. Don’t compare two situations without understanding them
d. The beautiful soul will always paid off
15. “…but the plan failed” the word failed has similar meaning with …
a. succussed
b. unsuccessful
c. achieved
d. hit
Read the following text and answer questions 16-20!
The Ant and the Dove
One hot day, an ant was seeking some water. After walking around for a moment, she came to a spring.
To reach the spring, she had to climb up a blade of grass. While making her way up, she slipped and
fell unintentionally into the water.
She could have sunk if a dove up a nearby tree had not seen her. Seeing that the ant was in trouble, the dove
quickly put off a leaf from a tree and dropped it immediately into the water near the struggling ant.
Then the ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her safely to dry ground.
Not long after that, there was a hunter nearby who was throwing out his net towards the dove, hoping to
trap it in this way.
Guessing what he should do, the ant quickly bit him on the heel. Feeling the pain, the hunter dropped his
net and the dove flew away quickly from this net.

16. The moral of the story above is …

a. A single plan that works is better than a hundred doubtful plans.
b. It's easy to despise what you cannot have.
c. One good turn deserves another.
d. See the beauty in one another

17. What did the dove do when it sees the ant sinking in the water?
a. It flew away
b. It mocks the ant
c. It let the ant sunk
d. Put a leaf from the tree

18. What did the ant do to pay for the dove kindness when it’s in trouble?
a. Let it get capture by the hunter
b. Go on about its day
c. Bit on the hunter’s heel
d. Despise the dove

19. According to the passage, where do the ant look for water?
a. In the spring
b. By the river
c. By the well
d. In the glass of water

20. From the story we can conclude that …

a. The dove let the ant sink in the spring
b. The ant didn’t repay dove kindness
c. The ant and the dove never cross path
d. The dove and the ant help each other when one is in trouble
 READING COMPREHENSION TEST
(PART 2)
NARRATIVE TEXT
For Junior High School Students
Grade XII

Read the following text and answer questions 1-5!

One day, Mouse Deer went down to the river to take a drink. But he knew that the
crocodile might be waiting underwater to eat him, so he said out loud. “I wonder if the water’s
warm. I’ll put it in my leg and find out.” Of course Mouse Deer didn’t put it in his leg. He
picked up a stick instead and put one end into the water. Chomp…! Crocodile grabbed the stick
and pulled it underwater. Mouse Deer laughed. “Ha… ha…ha… Stupid crocodile! Cant you
tell the difference between a stick and a leg?” Then Mouse Deer ran off to drink somewhere
else.

In the next day, Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river. He wanted to eat the fruits on
the other side of the river. He saw a floating log in the river. He knew that Crocodile looked
like a log when he floated. Mouse Deer didn’t want to be eaten by Crocodile when he crosses
the river. He had an idea. He called out loud, “Crocodile!” Crocodile rose from the water,
“Hello, Mouse Deer. Have you come to be my lunch?” Mouse Deer smiled. “Sorry, not today,
Crocodile. I have orders from the King. He wants to invite all the crocodiles in this river to a
party. He wants me to count all the crocodiles so he could prepare enough meal for you.”

“Really…? Tell us what to do,” said Crocodile. “You must line up from this side of the
river to the other side,” said Mouse Deer. Crocodile then got all his friends and family. They
lined up across the river. Mouse Deer then jumped onto Crocodile’s back. “One,” he counted.
He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And the next crocodile, “Three.” Mouse Deer kept
jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “How many are there?” asked Crocodile.
“Just enough,” said Mouse Deer. He laughed as he ran to the forest.

Source:
https://www.jagoanbahasainggris.com/2017/02/kumpulan-narrative-text-beserta-artinya.html
1. What is the main idea of the text?
a. Mouse deer tricked Crocodile into not being eaten.
b. Crocodile wants to invite mouse deer to a party.
c. Mouse deer helped Crocodile count.
 d. The crocodile managed to catch the mouse deer in the river.
2. What did Mouse Deer do when he went to the river?
a. Looked for food
b. Drank water
c. Played with Crocodile
d. Took a stick
3. What does Mouse Deer do to avoid Crocodile when he first approaches the river?
a. Jump into the river.
b. Summon Crocodile to talk.
c. Testing the waters using wood.
d. Walk along the river bank.
4. Why did Mouse Deer call out to the Crocodile the next day?
a. To party in the woods.
b. To hunt prey together.
c. To count the number of Crocodiles.
d. To tell Crocodile about good food.
5. Based on the story, what is the most important trait of Mouse Deer?
a. Intelligence and resourcefulness to avoid danger.
b. Bravery in the face of danger.
c. Ability to deceive others for personal gain.
d. Strength and persistence when facing challenges.

Read the following text and answer questions 6-7!

Once upon a time, Sri Rama was the crown prince of the Ayodya Kingdom. One day,
due to the cunning of Kekayi (stepmother), Sri Rama was exiled to the Dadanka Forest
accompanied by his younger brother (Laksmana) and his wife (Dewi Sita). Hearing the news
that they were exiled, Rahwana (King of Alengka), who admired the goddess' beauty, made a
strategy to kidnap the goddess and was assisted by his Patih (Marica). With her supernatural
powers, Marica transformed into a beautiful golden deer. Because Goddess Sita was interested
in the golden deer, Goddess Sita asked Rama to catch the deer for her. Rama chased the golden
deer and entrusted the goddess to Laksmana.

After a long time, Rama did not return and the goddess began to worry. Then the admiral
followed Rama into the middle of the forest. Then, the very cunning Ravana
 transformed into an old grandfather who asked the goddess for alms. Goddess
Sita felt sorry for the old man. However, at the same time, Rahwana returned to
his original form (a monster with ten heads) and took Goddess Sita to the
Kingdom of Alengka. On the way to Alengka, a bird named Jatayu (Rama's
friend) saw Rahwana leaving with Sita and reported the incident to Rama and
Laksmana. Rama and Lakshmana and Hanuman army of monkeys set out to
attack Lanka. Finally Rahwana came down to face Rama. In this terrible battle,
Rahwana was killed by Rama's heirloom arrow and was flanked by Mount
Sumawana.

After the war ended, Rama refused to return to Sita and considered Sita to
have been tainted by Rahwana. So Rama asked for proof of his purity which was
self-defense. Because of her purity and help from the God of Fire, Goddess Sita
was saved and Rama received her back with emotion and happiness. They returned
to the Ayodya Kingdom.

Source: https://baliartandculture.wordpress.com/2017/12/19/the-story-of-ramayana/

6. What did Marica do to help Rahwana kidnap Dewi Sita?

a. Disguised as an old man
b. Disguised as a golden deer
c. Disguised as Dewi Sita
d. Helped Rama catch the deer
7. What moral message can be learned from Sri Rama's struggle to save
Goddess Sita from Rahwana's hands?

a. Courage and loyalty must be maintained in facing challenges.

b. Intelligence is more important than strength in battle.

c. Decisions made without consideration can have negative impacts.
d. Life can never be predicted and there are always surprises.

Read the following text and answer questions 8-11!

The Lion and The Mouse

Once when a lion was asleep, a little mouse began running up and down upon him;
this soon awoke the lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, and open his big jaws to
swallow him. “Pardon, o King,” cried the little mouse,” Forgive me this time, I shall never
forget it; perhaps I may be able to do you a good turn some of these days.” The lion was so
tickled at the idea of the mouse being able to help him. Then, he lifted his paw and let him
go.
Sometime after, the lion was caught in a trap. Some hunters, who wanted to carry him
alive to the king, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him
in.
Just then, the little mouse happened to pass by and see the sad plight in which the lion was.
The little mouse went up to him and soon gnawed away the ropes that bounded the king of
beasts. Soon after the little mouse had finished gnawing away the ropes, he asked the lion
to run away.

8.What is the purpose of the text?

a. To entertain the readers
b. To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case.
c. To inform the readers about the events of the day which are considered
newsworthy
d. To present at least two points of view about an issue.

9.What did the little mouse do to prove his words?

a. He would never forget the lion
b. He tried hard to help the lion free
c. He run up and down upon the lion
d. He asked for apology to the king of beast.

10. Paragraph three mainly tells us that….

a. The little mouse asked forgiveness.
b. The hunters carried the lion a live to the king.
c. The lion was tied to a tree by the hunters.
d. The little mouse could prove that he could help the lion.

11. What is the moral value of the text?

a. Don’t look at someone because of his clothes
b. It is best for prepare for the days of necessity.
c. Common people may prove great ones.
d. United we stand, divided we fall

Read the following text and answer questions 12-14!

The Legend of The Holy Stone

One day, on their way home after a hunt in the jungle, being tired, Irimiami and Isoray
decided to rest. Irimiami sat on the ground leaning on a tree. Meanwhile, Isoray was still
finding a place to sit. She saw a large stone and thought that it would be comfortable to sit on.
As she sat, all of a sudden, Isoray shouted and jumped off the stone. “Ouch! The stone is so
hot that I almost got burned!” Isoray cried. “What is it, dear?” Irimiami who almost fell asleep
immediately stood up, startled by his wife’s screams. “I don’t know what happened either,
but this stone feels really hot.” answered Isoray in panic.
A short time later, in their astonishment, smoke came out of that stone. Curious, Irimiami
tried to sit on that stone. “Ouch! It’s really hot!” he shouted. Becoming more curious, the
couple decided to test the stone’s heat. “How if we put this venison on that stone?” said
Irimiami. “Let’s just try, dear,” answered Isoray. Exquisite smells came from the burning
meat. As it wasready, they ate them up. “What a delicious piece of meat” or “This meat is so
delicious,” Irimiami said happily. Unsatisfied with what they had found, they continued
testing the stone. “Let’s try to put these bamboo stems,” said Isoray. “Let’s try these grass
and leaves,” Irimiami added. “How about that timber!” shouted Isoray. Day by day, they kept
on testing the stone.
One bright day, they gathered more grasses and put them on the stone. The grasses
burned quickly and spread to the surrounding plants, the fire got bigger. They started to panic.
“My husband, we’ve burned this place.” Isoray cried in fear. “It’s a big disaster and we can’t
stop. Let’s meet God Iriwonawani for help,” said Irimiami in tremble. They ran to God
Iriwonawani. “My Lord, please help us put out the fire,” begged them.
“Well, I shall help on the condition that you stop that harming act of yours,” said the God.
“We promise, my Lord,” they said. With a magical power, the fire could finally be stopped.
Nevertheless, it seemed that they had not learned from their mistakes. They kept on
testing the stone, until one day they started a really big fire that did not stop for seven days and
nights. They were really terrified and could not do anything but asked God Iriwonawai for
help.
Finally, the sounds of the tifa were heard again after a long time. All Randuayaivi people
ran to Kamboi mountain, witnessed the burning forest which was again successfully
extinguished by God Iriwonawani. On the mountain, Irimiami and Isoray finally told the story
of ‘the holy stone.’
The following day, all Randuayaivi people came back to the mountain bringing food
items. All those food items were put on the holy stone and the traditional feast took place for
three days and nights. All the people chanted and danced around the holy stone, worshipping
it and passing the holy stone story. People of Papua, particularly those of the Yapen islands,
sanctify the fire stone hitherto. The stone has become a sacred stone that they worship
annually.

12. What is the legend about?

a. Problems encountered by Irimiami and Isoray in Kamboi Rama Mountain.
b. Irimiami’s and Isorays’ struggles to introduce and glorify the holy stone.
c. The discovery of a stone that marks a traditional feast in Papua.
d. The story of a husband and wife in overcoming a big forest fire.
e. The story of a husband and wife in finding a sacred stone.

13. What kind of persons are Irimiami and Isoray?

a. Probing

b. Shameless

c. Ambitious

d. Self-centered

14. The tone used during the time God Iriwonawani answered the couple’s begging to
stop the fire is best described as …

a. Wise

b. Lenient

c. Angry

d. sympathetic.
 Read the following text and answer questions 15-20!

Malin Kundang
Once upon a time, in a seaside village in Padang, West Sumatra, there lived a poor widow
called Mande Rubayah with her only son, Malin Kundang. Mande Rubayah had to work really
hard to support their daily life.
One day, as Malin Kundang turned adult, he asked his mom to let him hitch a docked
ship nearby and wander to the big cities to get better fortunes for the family. Even though his
mother got in the way, Malin still insisted on going. Finally, with a heavy heart, Mande
Rubayah allowed his son to go.
Days by days passed, after years of waiting for her son, one day, Mande Rubayah heard
a news from her neighbor that a large ship docked near the village and that the beautiful large
ship belonged to Malin Kundang and his wife. Mande Rubiyah immediately went to see her
son.“My son, Malin, you are finally back, dear,” Mande cried happily to see Malin Kundang
and his very beautiful wife walk off the ship.
Unexpectedly, Malin shook and pushed his mom away from him. When his wife asked
him who that old woman was, he answered frantically, “She is an old beggar who wants to ask
for a small part of our wealth!”
Mande Rubayah was really shocked and upset. She fell on her knees, hugging her son’s
feet. Feeling ashamed of his wife, Malin immediately kicked his mother and said, “Go away
old beggar! I am not your son.”
Hearing that, Mande Rubayah cried brokenhearted. She left her son while praying to
God, “My dear God, if I got it wrong and that he was not my son,please forgive him. However,
if he is my son, Malin Kundang, I do ask for your righteousness.”
Not long after Mande Rubayah said her prayer, big rains fell upon the earth, huge storm
shook Malin’s ship and terrible thunder hit his ship. On the following day, people saw a
kneeling man-shaped stone on the coast line. People believe that it is Malin Kundang who
kneels for his mother’s forgiveness.
15. What is the story about?
a. The character changes of a grown-up son.
b. The success of a poor widow’s son.
c. The envy of a mother to her only son.
d. Retribution on an ungrateful kid.

16. How many characters are mentioned in the story?

a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
17. Why did Malin leave his village? Because he ...
a. was ordered to take care of a large ship.
b. wished to get better fortunes.
c. insisted on going for a lot of money.
d. wanted to marry a wealthy girl.

18. Why did not Malin want to acknowledge his mom? Because he ...
a. did not want to go back to living in the village.
b. was not ready yet to show his true identity.
c. was too rich for having an old ugly mom.
d. was ashamed of his wife.

19. How did God answer Mande

Rubayah’s prayer?
a. He sent thunder to hit his
ship and let it sink.
b. He turned Malin into a
stone.
c. He cursed his beautiful ship
to stone.
d. He destroyed all of his
wealth.

20. What value did you learn from the legend?

a. Don’t be greedy.
b. Luxury makes you forget who you are.
c. Our best friends are our own parents.
d. Love your parents unconditionally.
24
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

a. identify the definitions, text structures, and examples of analytical exposition texts.
b. share personal experiences regarding disease that they and their families have
experienced.
c. share information about preventing a disease so they don't get infected.
d. write and give opinions regarding a disease that occurs in Indonesia or abroad.
e. write analytical exposition texts regarding a disease that occurs in Indonesia or
abroad.
f. correctly.

Let’s meet the

characters

Ms. Jennie Victor Andrea

25
 LEARNING TASKS

Task 1

Warm up question
Look at the picture below and discuss with your friends to answer the question.

Source: https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/types-of-hepatitis-and-treatmen
1. Have you ever heard about hepatitis? Explain with your own words.
2. What do you think about the acute hepatitis cases found in Indonesia right now?
3. Do you think that acute hepatitis is a big problem? Why?
4. If you think hepatitis is a big problem, how to prevent the disease?

Task 2

Scan the barcode and watch the video related to the analytical exposition text. Answer
the questions according to the contents of the animated video provided.
In this section you will learn the definition, social function, generic structure, types of
narrative text and language features in narrative text.
Scan the barcode to access the video. In the video, Miss Jennie explains the
definition, generic structure, social function, types of analytical exposition text and
language features of analytical exposition text. Make sure that you pay attention to the
video.

26
 Question :
1. Do you understand analytical exposition text? If so, explain according to your
understanding.
2. Mention what is explained in the video? Explain it clearly.
3. In your opinion, what topics can be used as analytical exposition texts?
4. What benefits have you gained after watching the animated video?

Task 3

Work individually and match each word/phrase with its meaning.

1. Obesity a.. condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery

bowel movements in a day. It often lasts for a few days and
can result in dehydration due to fluid loss.

2. Diarrhea b. ear disease caused by inflammation, irritation, and infection

of the outer ear and inner canal.

3. Pnemunioa c. a disease that occurs in the liver due to excessive alcohol

consumption.

4. Swimmer ear d. unhealthy eating habits, overeating, lack of exercise, and a

sedentary lifestyle.

5. Cirrhosis e. infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The
air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material)

27
 Task 4

Work individually to determine generic structure and language features. Answer the
following question based on the text below.

Why Exercise is Important?

The majority of us claim that we do not have time for exercise. We feel too
busy to do that. However, many experts said that exercise has a great role in making
Introduction our body healthy. Being physically active offers many advantages. In physical
reword, exercise can reduce weight then our body will become fitter.

Exercise is also believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and
reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer. Besides physical
Body advantage, exercise also brings good effects mentally. Due to a fitter body, exercise
can make us feel refreshed and happy then we can increase our life quality and
expectancy.

How can we do exercise while we are busy? Such questions are commonly
found among us. Actually exercise can be done in simple ways. We can go walking
Conclusion while shopping. In the office we can take the stairs rather than lift to run up and down.
Or we can go cycling while enjoying our leisure time. Overall, doing exercise is a
little bit difficult in busy life but a little bit of exercise will help better.
Source: https://bobo.grid.id/read/083481086/5-contoh-analytical-exposition-text-lengkap-dengan-
generic-structure-nya?page=all

1. What is the main topic and point of view of the author in the text?

2. What are the arguments to support the main topic in the text?

28
3. What conclusion can be drawn from the text?

Task 5

Read the material below as a guide to completing task 8

29
30
 Giving Opinion

I think… My insight…
I believe… From my point of view…
I feel… From my viewpoint…
I guess… As far as I can see…
According to me,,, For myself, I think….
In my view… I’d like to highlight that….
In my opinion.. What I mean is….
In my eyes… Commonly, it is believed that….
Some societies

Defending Opinion

I see your awareness, but I think… Forgive me for interrupting, but I must
Yes, I get the point, but my belief is respond to that.
that… Hold on a moment, that’s quite incorrect.
That’s very interesting, but the tricky If you would allow me to add a statement

31
 part is that… here…
I’m afraid I can’t quite come to an If you don’t mind, I’d like to take issue with
agreement with your point.

Task 6

Read the text below and answer the questions based on your knowledge.

Passive Smokers Are More Dangerous Than Active Smokers

Passive smokers are 4 times more at risk of getting sick than active smokers. This
happens because active smokers inhale smoke directly from cigarettes and use filters. While
passive smokers inhale cigarette smoke without a filter. Plus they also inhale the smoke that
has come out of the lungs of active smokers.
Secondhand smoke is more susceptible to lung cancer. This happens because they
inhale more cigarette smoke without filtration. Active smokers tend to be unaware that their
cigarette smoke endangers the lives of those around them. Especially if we inhale cigarette
smoke every day. Especially women who have partners who smoke, are at risk of developing
lung cancer. The cases of lung cancer patients increased drastically, even though the patients
were not active smokers.This is evidenced by laboratory tests that analyze that passive smokers
inhale more smoke and cause lung damage.
It’s best to stop smoking or you could expose the person you love the most to lung
cancer. If you still want to smoke, then find a place far away and find an open space. Avoid
smoking in crowds because they are passive smokers who can inhale the smoke from your
cigarette.
Source : https://deckarenas.com/contoh-analytical-exposition-tentang-kesehatan/
1. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?
2. What is the main idea of the text?
3. What factors make active smokers become dependent on cigarettes?
4. What health problems will be felt by passive smokers?
5. In your opinion, how can we avoid becoming passive smokers?

32
 6. Determine whether the statements in the following table are true or false. Give your
reasons regarding the statements.

Statements T F Reason

Passive smokers are 4 times

more at risk of getting sick
than active smokers.

Active smokers tend to be

unaware that their cigarette
smoke endangers the lives of
those around them.

Lung cancer patients

increased drastically, even
though the patients were not
active smokers.

If you still want to smoke, then

find a place far away and find
an open space.

Task 7

Pay attention to the issues in the table below and give your arguments in the pros or
cons column.

Issues Pros Cons

Unhealthy lifestyle can

cause bone health to decline.
Many teenagers already have
a hunched sitting posture.
This is caused by a bad
lifestyle when sitting in front
of a computer for a long
time.

source: https://shorturl.at/kYfbU

According to WHO, the eye

health of teenagers aged 15-
25 years is very poor. It can
be seen at a glance that
many young people already
wear glasses. Teenagers

33
 spend more time with
gadgets than playing with
friends.
source: https://shorturl.at/kYfbU

Drinking coffee is the most

common habit in the world,
almost every day this habit is
done. Drinking coffee can be
done anytime, either in the
morning or at night.

Source: https://shorturl.at/gAfKu

Social media provides a

platform for individuals to
express themselves, share
their thoughts, and vent their
feelings. People can write,
draw, or share artwork that
depicts their experiences.

Source: https://shorturl.at/uQbOm

Task 8

Complete the text below into a good analytical exposition text. Use your creativity to
complete the text.

Ten villagers have died from diarrhea between Jan. 25 and the first week of February
because of a lack of health facilities and unhealthy lifestyles, according to the Tanimbar Island
Health Agency in Maluku. The 10 people came from seven villages, according to reports from
four community health centers in various districts. The Health Center of Saumlaki reported the
death of five villagers, three in Lermatang village, one in Wesawak, and one in Bomaki.
Meanwhile, Puskesmas Lorulun reported two deaths. Puskesmas Seira reported one death in
Wermatang, while Puskesmas Adodo Molu reported the death of two residents of Nerkat
village.

The deaths were believed to have been caused by a lack of access to a Health Center in
the district. In some cases, diarrhea likely worsened the condition of villagers already suffering

34
from other health problems, including lung disease, he added. Another cause of diarrhea, many
villagers did not have access to toilets and their habit of defecating in the open made them
prone to diseases. Health workers were immediately deployed to villages that do not have
health centers to give villagers a medical checkup.
,…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

,,…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 9

Look at the picture below and choose one of the pictures. Work in pairs and give two
arguments related to the picture you have chosen. The argument should be in Pros or
Cons.

35
 Task 10

Choose one of the posters available in Task 9. Study the poster and answer the following
questions individually.

1. What do you see in the poster?

2. What does the poster try to say?
3. What does the picture in the poster try to show or say?
4. What is the meaning of the message in the poster?
5. What is your opinion regarding the poster?

Reflection

What I have learned from this unit:

The information I understand the most:

Information that I want to learn more:

My opinion about this unit:

36
 SUMMARY

In this unit you learn:

● How to give an opinion and defend the opinion.
● Analytical Exposition
Analytical exposition proposes or suggests a particular topic that may only be pro or
con, not both. This type of writing consists of:
● Opinions about an issue that occurs
● Reasons behind the proposal or argument or what is called an argument
● Sometimes what has been discussed is also expressed again at the end of the text
which is called a repetition. The goal is to put forward arguments for or against a
particular position or point of view. An explanation of how and why the argument
is put forward is also written.

The common language features in exposition include:

● Present tense, eg caused,reported ;
● Saying verb , eg I feel, I guess…;
● Conjunction , eg because, even though…;
● Modal adverb, eg certainly, definitely …;
● Modal verb, eg should, could …;
● Connecting verb, eg become, seem …;

37
 WORD LIST

Word list Indonesian

Symptom Gejala

Prevention Pencegahan

Medicine Obat

Lung Paru-paru

Prone Rentan

Disease Penyakit

Diarrhea Diare

Worsened Memburuk

Hunched Membungkuk

Experts Para ahli

38
 READING COMPREHENSION TEST
(PART 1)
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT
For Junior High School Students
Grade XII

Read the following text and answer questions 1-3!

In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state governments
and local governments. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for number
of reasons. First, the federal government is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy
in order and look after like defense. Similarly, the state governments look after the middle sized
things. For example they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school.

Finally, local government look after the small thins. They look after things like collecting
rubbish, otherwise everyone would have diseases. Thus for the reason above, we can conclude
that the three levels of the government are necessary.

1. What kind of text is this?

a. Analytical Exposition
b. Report text
c. Explanation Text
d. Descriptive text

2. Who is responsible for defense?

a. Federal government
b. State Government
c. Federal and State Government
d. Federal and Local Government

3. The litter management is the responsibility of ….

a. Australia
b. Federal government
c. State government
d. Local government

Read the following text and answer questions 4-7!

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly
used may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the
most effective way to control pests. Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as
residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the
quality of farm product. Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This
means that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This
affects the ecology and environment as well. So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a
lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don’t affect
the ecological balance and environment. Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and
more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.
 4. Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?
a. Plants
b. Animals
c. Environment
d. Human Beings

5. What can you say about paragraph two and four?

a. The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.
b. Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.
c. Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm products.
d. The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph four.

6. One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is …

a. killing fish and bees.
b. increasing crops productivity.
c. creating balanced ecosystem.
d. causing the pests to become inactive

7. Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. (paragraph 3). The word
resistant in the sentence above means …
a. Weak
b. Fragile
c. Damage
d. unaffected

Read the following text and answer questions 8-14!

As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly
gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of these illness
are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly
hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or
concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone. In conclusion, cars should be
banned from the city for the reasons listed.

8. What type of the text above?

a. Narrative.
b. Report.
c. Analytical.
d. Explanation.

9. What one of the diseases caused by pollution?

a. HIV / AIDS
b. Bronchitis
c. Liver
d. Fever
 10. What tense is mostly used in the text?
a. Past tense
b. Simple present tense
c. Simple perfect tense
d. Present continuous tense

11. We usually call the last paragraph as………

a. Resolution
b. Reiteration
c. Conclusion
d. Recommendation

12. What is the purpose of the text?

a. to persuade reader about the cars should be banned in the city
b. to explain the characteristics the cars should be banned in the city
c. to inform readers about cars should be banned in the city
d. to describe cars should be banned in the city

13. The following sentences are true, except …

a. the cars contribute the most of pollution in the world.
b. the cars are very noisy.
c. the cars can also cause many deaths and other road accidents.
d. the car cans accelerate the transport.

14. What the title text above?

a. Cars should be banned in the city
b. Cars cause pollution.
c. Car giant killer street.
d. Car facilitate transportation.

Read the following text and answer questions 15-17!

I strongly believe that mobile phones are necessary. My reasons for this belief are that these
phones are convenient for business people who travel a lot, and they are handy for emergencies.
To begin with, mobile phones are necessary in the case of emergencies. For instance, if you fall
down a set of stairs in a building and are badly injured and can’t reach a pay phone, it is handy to
have one to use. Or, if your car breaks down in the middle of the night in a strange neighborhood, it
would be dangerous to leave it in search of a public phone booth.
My other main reason is that mobile phones are convenient for business people. For
example, if you are out of the state or even overseas and you have to contact a client to do some
important work, it is useful to have one to use. By using a mobile phone, important information can
be received. People can’t stay in an office all day waiting for their phone to ring. Some people have
to go and do jobs or they will go out of business. You can even send faxes or messages and use the
internet with your mobile.
In conclusion, I believe that mobile phones have now become a necessary part of everyday
life. Instant communication will ensure that information can be passed on with a simple press of a
button. Whether this is to do with business or personal information or emergencies, it goes to show
that they are necessary in the new millennium.

15. How many reasons are used to support the writer’s opinion?
 a. One reason
b. Two reasons
c. Three reasons
d. Four reasons

16. Why are mobile phones very convenient for business people?
a. They can contact clients
b. They can do some important works
c. They can receive some important information
d. They can run business by staying in and out office

17. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

a. The advantages cellular phones during the emergencies
b. The solution to do when your car breaks down
c. The danger to leave a mobile phone in the car
d. The differences of a mobile phone and a pay phone

Read the following text and answer questions 18-20!

Everybody should change their way of life to reduce global warming. There are several
things that we can do. One of them is by buying and consuming fresh local groceries as much as
possible. It of course includes local vegetables, fruits, bread, etc. Local groceries don’t need much
transportation to get it into the market. It of course means, the amount of carbon dioxide produced
is less than the groceries from other region. Therefore, by buying local groceries we are helping
reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced.
Consuming fresh groceries instead of frozen ones are healthier for us. Furthermore, fresh
food or groceries means no requirements for it to be freeze up. It means that no electricity is needed
and saving energy means reducing carbon dioxide and money. So, from now on we should consume
fresh local groceries to reduce global warming.

18. The text gives us information about …. …

a. The ways to minimize global warning
b. The ways to increase global warning
c. The effects of global warning
d. The importance of consuming local groceries

19. To reduce the global warming we should ….

a. Buy import product
b. Buy expensive clothes
c. Consume frozen foods
d. Consume fresh foods

20. We are helping reduce the amount of global warming” (Paragraph 2) The reduce word
can be replaced by ….
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Improve
d. Add
 READING COMPREHENSION TEST
(PART 2)
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT
For Junior High School Students
Grade XII

Read the following text and answer questions 1-4!

The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been serious
problem for three reasons. Firstly, formalin is not for human beings, but it is for
biological specimens and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10% solution of
formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to preserve
biological specimens. Thus, it is not for food preservatives. Of course when it is
used for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to human’s body.

The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This
condition makes the people’s health is really in a threat. When the control is weak
and the use formalin was spread wide all over the Indonesian regions, and these
days it has really happened, the citizen’s bodies will be badly contaminated with
the poisons. Fish or food traders still sell their products which contain formalin
and dangerous preservatives. Can you imagine that our digestive system absorbs
the substance that should be for the human and animal corpses?

Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin
and other preservatives is really a serious problem if it is not resolved
immediately.

1. Why is formalin dangerous for human`s body?

a. It is not food preservatives
b. It is a disinfectant for human beings
c. It is used to preserve biological specimens
d. It is 10% solution of formaldehyde in water
e. It is controlled flighty from the government

2. The main idea of paragraph two is ….

a. The human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
b. The government has not controlled the use of formalin firmly
c. The weak control of using formalin is not threatening the human
d. The human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
e. The use of formalin is known all over the regions
 3. Based on the facts above, the writer suggest that … .
a. People have to avoid consuming formalin in their food
b. The use of formal dehyde is necessary to control the food
c. People should add 100% solution of formaldehyde in water
d. The food preservative is required to make the food delicious
e. Food seller is supposed to pour formalin for vegetables and food products

4. What is the generic structure of the text?

a. Arguments-Recommendation-Thesis
b. Thesis-Argument-Recommendation
c. Thesis-Argument-Reiteration
d. Thesis-Supporting Points-Contrasting Points-Reiteration
e. Reiteration-Arguments-Thesis

Read the following text and answer questions 5-9!

I personally think that reading is a very important activity in our life. Why do I say
so? Firstly, by reading we can get a lot of knowledge about many things in the world
such as Science, technology. Sports, arts, culture, etc. written in either books,
magazine, newspaper, etc. Secondly, by reading we can get a lot of news and
information about something happening in any parts of the world which can we see
directly. Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we read
books, newspaper or magazine on the entertainment column such as comedy, short
story, quiz, etc. To make us relaxed.

The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the world. By reading a book
about Irian Jaya we may feel we’re really sitting in the jungles not at home in our
rooms. From the facts above, it’s obvious that everyone needs to read to get knowledge,
information and also entertainment. Or in summary we can say reading is truly
important in our life.

5. Why is reading very important in our life? Because….

a. By reading, we can get a lot of friends, relatives, experience, etc.
b. By reading, we can get little knowledge but a lot of entertainment.
c. By reading, we are always relaxed.
d. By reading, we are always happy.
e. By reading we can get a lot of knowledge, news, information and
entertainment
 6. If we want to get knowledge, what should we do?
a. buy a lot of books
b. borrow a lot of books
c. look for newspaper and magazine
d. sell and buy many expensive books
e. Read a lot of books and other printed materials.

7. .What does the text tell us about?

a. The description of reading
a. The function of reading
b. The importance of reading
c. The disadvantages of reading
d. The purpose of reading

8. What is the social function of the text?

a. To tell a story
b. To describe the reader
c. To entertain the reader
d. To give information
e. To persuade the reader

9. Paragraph ………… n the text is the thesis of the text.

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

Read the following text and answer questions 10-15!

Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure
with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English
progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in
language learning. Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds
of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc.) can be both enjoyable
and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work
on our short-and-long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition,
which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes
them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can
be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way
as any other literary sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs
and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within
oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture,
religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution. Last but not least, there are many learning
activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening
comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture. From the
elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs, learning English
can be enjoyable and fun.

10. The type of the text above is ………

a. Analytical exposition
b. Hortatory exposition
c. Narrative
d. Discussion
e. Explanation

11. What is the communicative purpose of the text?

a. To tell the reader about the songs
b. To entertain the reader with the songs
c. To show the reader the use of songs
d. To explain above the songs
e. To persuade the reader to use songs in learning language

12. The generic structures of the text are ….

a. Thesis – arguments – recommendation
b. General statement – sequential explanation
c. Newsworthy events – background events – sources
d. Thesis – arguments – reiteration
e. General statement – arguments

13. What is the text about ….

a. Learning songs
b. Very enjoyable music
c. The phenomenon
d. Music listeners
e. Using songs in language learning

14. Based on the text, there are …… reason for using songs in learning language
a. 6
b. .4
c. 5
d. 3
e. 2

15. “They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within
one group.” The they word refers to …….
a. Groups
b. Learners
c. People
d. Songs
e. Activities
 Read the following text and answer questions 16-22!

Smoking in restaurants is just not disturbing. It must not be allowed because it

is rude, harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers. Firstly, smoking in a
restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects all people and can turn them off
their food. People pay to taste good food and not to be put off by foul smelling smoke.

Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it can
do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke made by a smoker can lead to
asthma attacks and even cancer. Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the
smokers. Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease and people should not smoke
anywhere, not just in restaurants. Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful
to others and a health risk to the smokers and should not be allowed in any restaurants.

16. Smoking in the restaurants must be avoided because……

a. It is harmful to other.
b. It is impolite
c. It’s dangerous to the smokers
d. It can cause hearth and lung disease
e. All answers are correct

17. We have many reasons to say that smoking must be avoided. The word
reasons mean…..
a. Conclusion
b. point of view
c. Argument
d. Reinforcement
e. Statement

18. Since we can find a thesis, arguments and reiteration in the text, so we can
conclude that this text belongs to…..
a. Description
b. Narration
c. Anecdote
d. Procedure
 e. analytical exposition

19. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To inform the readers to the readers
b. To persuade to the readers
c. To describe to the readers
d. To tell a story to the readers
e. To argue about smoking to the readers

20. The synonym of the word dangerous in the text is……

a. Rude
b. Impolite
c. health risk
d. harmful
e. disease
39
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

a. Identify the language features, social function, generic structure from formal and
informal letters.
b. Identify the similarities and differences between formal and informal letters.
c. Summarize the contents from formal and informal letters.
d. Present data, ideas, and impressions in the form of formal and informal letters in the
form of writing.
e. Create formal and informal letters about sport.
f. correctly.

Let’s meet the

characters

Ms. Jennie Victor Andrea

40
 LEARNING TASKS

Task 1

Warm up question
Look at the picture below and discuss with your friends to answer the question.

source: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/sports-cartoon

1. Have you ever written letters for a company or your friend?

2. If you could write a letter to your favorite athlete or sports agency, what would you
say?
3. Write about your most memorable sports experience and how you would describe it in
a letter.

Task 2

Main learning tasks

Scan the barcode and watch the video related to the analytical exposition text. Answer
the questions according to the contents of the animated video provided.

In this section you will learn the definition, social function, generic structure, language
features, types of formal and informal letters .
Scan the barcode to access the video. In the video, Miss Jennie explains the definition,
generic structure, social function, types, and language features of formal and informal letters.
Make sure that you pay attention to the video.

41
Questions:
1. Do you understand the explanation about formal and informal letter? If so, explain
according to your understanding.
2. Mention what is explained in the video? Explain it clearly.
3. Mention 2 differences from the formal and informal letter!
4. What benefits have you gained after watching the animated video?

Task 3

Read the material below as a guide to completing task…..

BASIS FOR FORMAL LETTER INFORMAL LETTER

COMPARISON

Meaning A formal letter is a letter, A letter written in a friendly

written in formal language, manner, to someone you are
in the stipulated format, for familiar with, is called an
official purpose. informal letter.

Objective Professional Personal Communication.

Communication.

Format Written in prescribed format No prescribed format.

only.

Letter Structure ● Letterhead ● Place and date of

● Date of letter writing
● Attachment ● Salutation and name
● Recipient’s Address ● Introduction
● Opening Greetings ● Body of letter
section ● Closing
● Content of letter ● Letter Sender’s
● Closing Signature
● Letter Sender's
Signature

Written in First person - Business First, second or third person.

letters, third person - others

Written to Business, college/institute, Friends, family,

employer, organizations, etc. acquaintances etc.

Voice Passive Active

Sentences Long and complex Short and simple

42
 Size Concise Large or concise

Contractions and Avoided Used

Abbreviations

Simple Future Tense :

Formula of Simple Future Tense :
S+ will/shall V1+ ….
Example:
1. …arts competitions which will be held on…
2. The atmosphere will be buzzing with energy, and we would love for you to be a part
of this celebration.
Simple Present Tense :
Formula of Simple Present Tense :
S+ to be (is/am/are) +.... or
S+ V1+....
Example:
1. I am a student at SMA Negeri 1 Gedong Kuning
2. We expect school representatives to be present on time as this event is quite
important

Modals:
Modals are auxiliary verbs that are used to provide additional meaning to the main
verb in a sentence. For examples are:
Modals Expressions
Can May Would Shall

Could Might Should Should

Formula of Modals:
1. Modals + V1
“The conference will be held on..”

43
A. Formal Letters

Source: https://acesse.dev/GY1H

Task 4

Individually, read the text about PORSENI Invitation and learn the meaning of the underlined
words/phrases by writing them in Indonesian. Underline and write other words you want to
learn. Look at the example.
Bantul, 8th April 2028
No : 08/OSIS/UND EX/V/28
Attachment : –
Event : PORSENI (Sports and Arts Week) Invitation
The Honorable
Student council administrators
Sincerely,
As the end of the 2024/2025 academic year, we as the management of SMA Negeri 1

44
 Gedong Kuning ask for the presence of school representatives to take part in various
sports and arts competitions which will be held on:
Day/Date : Monday 28 December 2024
Time : 08.00 – Selesai
Place : SMAN 1 Gedong Kuning’s school field
Event : PORSENI (Sports and Arts Week)
We expect school representatives to be present on time as this event is quite important.
Regards,
Head of students council of SMAN 1 Gedong Kuning

Park Jaehyun

English Indonesian

Management Pengelola

… …

… …

… …

… …

… …

… …

Task 5

Work individually by reading the text in task 4 and answer the following questions.

1. What is the main idea from the letter?

2. Who is the sender from the letter?
3. To whom does the sender write the letter
4. Where will the event be held?
5. The word “we” in the sentence “we expect school representatives…” refers to whom?

45
Task 6

Work individually by reading the text below and classified the structure of the formal
letter.

Generic Structure Sentences

… …

… …

46
 … …

… …

… …

Signature Gina Melin Vartanian (Conference

Coordinator)

B. Informal Letters

Read the material below as a guide to completing tasks…..

source: https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/yuk-membuat-personal-letter-dalam-bahasa-inggris

47
 Task 7

Read the following informal letter below and then answer the following questions.

source: https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/cartoon-fit-old-man.html

15th November 2024

Dear Sungjin,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am delighted to invite you to the upcoming sports day at
my school; Hanlim School, Seoul. The sports day promises to be a day filled with excitement,
friendly competition, and a fantastic display of athleticism.

Date: 19th February 2024

Time: 08.00 a.m -11.00 a.m
Venue: School Ground

From track and field events to cultural performances, we have a lineup of thrilling events.
The atmosphere will be buzzing with energy, and we would love for you to be a part of this
celebration.
Your presence would add to the joy of the day, and I can guarantee a memorable experience.
Whether you’re a sports enthusiast or just looking for a fun day out, our Sports Day has
something for everyone.

Please let me know if you can make it by 19th February 2024 so that we can make the
necessary arrangements. Looking forward to having you there and sharing the excitement of
Sports Day!

With love,

Younghyun

48
Questions:

1. What is the topic of the letter?

2. Who is the receiver of the letter
3. The word “we” in the sentence “we would love for you….” refers to whom?
4. Does the event welcome the people who are just looking for a fun day there?
5. What kind of activities will be featured on sports day?

Task 8

Write the sentences of Simple Present Tense and Simple Future tense from text in the
Task 6 and Task 7.

Simple Present Tense

No Task 6 Task 7

Simple Future Tense

No Task 6 Task 7

49
 Task 9

Work individually and complete the text letter below into a good informal letter. Use
your creativity to complete the text.
Hi [ your friends’ name],

I hope you’re doing well! I just had the most amazing Sports Day at school, and I couldn’t
wait to tell you all about it. It was such a fun and exciting day, filled with energy and great
moments!

The school grounds were decorated with flags and banners, and the weather was perfect—
sunny but with a nice breeze. Everyone was in such high spirits, and you could feel the
excitement building up.

Sports Day wasn’t just about the competition—it was about having fun with friends and
supporting each other. I’m so glad I got to be a part of it, and I can’t wait for next year!

Have you had your Sports Day yet? I’d love to hear all about it if you did! Let’s catch up
soon.

Take care,
[Your Name]

50
 Task 10

Work in pairs. Choose between formal / informal letters, then write based on the
generic structure and language features.

Reflection

What I have learned from this unit:

The information I understand the most:

Information that I want to learn more:

My opinion about this unit:

51
 SUMMARY

In this unit we have studied the difference between formal and informal letters. Here are the
summary:
Formal Letter Informal Letter

Definition Written for official or professional Written for personal

communication, such as applying for communication, like writing
a job, complaining about a service, or to a friend, family member,
requesting information or someone you know well

Tone Polite, respectful, and professional Friendly, casual, and

sometimes humorous

Language Uses professional and polite language Uses casual language,

contractions, and sometimes
slang or emojis

WORD LIST

Word list Indonesian

Presence Kehadiran

Excitement Kegembiraan

Plan Rencana

Glad Senang

Receive Menerima

Administrators Pengelola

Visit Mengunjungi

Signature Tanda tangan

Sincerely Dengan tulus hati

Event Acara

52
 REFERENCES

https://acesse.dev/GY1H
https://bobo.grid.id/read/083481086/5-contoh-analytical-exposition-text-lengkap-dengan-generic-
structure-nya?page=all
https://bobo.grid.id/read/083723285/dongeng-anak-kao-liang-sang-pahlawan
mendongenguntukcerdas?page=all
https://deckarenas.com/contoh-analytical-exposition-tentang-kesehatan/
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/cartoon-fit-old-man.html
https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/types-of-hepatitis-and-treatmen
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4212188/
https://katadata.co.id/lifestyle/varia/6502793eae294/3-cerita-dongeng-bahasa-inggris-singkat-yang-
bisa-dibacakan-pada-anak
https://kidscreen.com/2014/06/11/disney-readies-lion-king-spinoff-movie-and-series-for-tv/
https://pondokbacatulis.wordpress.com/2020/07/12/alibaba-dan-40-penyamun/
https://princess.disney.com/mulan
https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/yuk-membuat-personal-letter-dalam-bahasa-inggris
https://shorturl.at/8YhuK
https://shorturl.at/gAfKu
https://shorturl.at/I58W1
https://shorturl.at/kYfbU
https://shorturl.at/MhKOc
https://shorturl.at/q2Zgt
https://shorturl.at/TKWkV
https://shorturl.at/uQbOm
https://tinyurl.com/y6ftz9bf
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/sports-cartoon

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