Grade 09: Maths

Exam Important Questions

 CONTENTS

S. No. Chapter Page Number

1 1
Number Systems
2 18
Polynomials
3 Coordinate 27
Geometry
4 Linear Equations in 33
Two Variables
5 Introduction to 42
Euclid’s Geometry
6 50
Lines and Angles
7 55
Triangles
8 63
Quadrilaterals
9 75
Circles
10 81
Heron's Formula
11 Surface Areas and 89
Volumes
12 103
Statistics
Number System

1
Number System

2
Number System

3
Number System

4
Number System

5
Number System

6
Number System

7
Number System

8
Number System

9
Number System

10
Number System

11
Number System

12
Number System

13
Number System

14
Number System

15
Number System

16
Number System

17
 Polynomials

Topic : Exam Important Questions

1.
Write the coefficient of x in each of the following.
2

(i) 17 - 2x + 7x 2

(ii) 9 - 12x + x 3

π
(iii) 6
x
2
- 3x + 4

(iv) √3 x - 7

[2 Marks]

Coefficient of x , 2

in (i) is 7 (0.5 mark)

in (ii) is 0 as there is no term of x i.e. 0 x (0.5 mark)

2 2

π
in (iii) is 6
(0.5 mark)

in (iv) is 0 (0.5 mark)

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 Polynomials

2.
Which of the following expressions are polynomials in one variable and which
are not ? State reasons for your answer:
(2 marks)

(i) 3x - 4x + 15
2

(ii) y + 2 √3
2

(iii) 3√x + √2x

4
(iv) x − x

(v) x 12
+ y
3
+ t
50

(i) 3x - 4x + 15, (ii) y + 2 √3

2 2

are polynomial is one variable. Others are not polynornial or polynomials in

one variable.

(2 marks)

3. Verify 5 and 0 are the zeros of the polynomial x 2

− 5x .
[2 marks]

Solution:
Here we have to verify whether 5 and 0 are the zeros of the polynomial
x − 5x.
2

Let p(x) = x − 5x 2

⇒ p(5) = (5)
2
− 5(5)

⇒ p(5) = 25 − 25

⇒ p(5) = 0 [1 mark]
Now similarly p(0) = 0 − 5(0) = 0 − 0 = 0.
2

Hence both 5 and 0 are zeros of the polynomial p(x) = x 2

− 5x . [1 mark]

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 Polynomials

4. Verify whether the following are true or false.

(i) − 3 is a zero of x − 3

1
(ii) − is a zero of 3x + 1
3

4
(iii) −
5
is a zero of 4 − 5y

[ 3 marks]

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 Polynomials
(i) Let p(x) = x– 3

So for p(x) = 0 we get zero of p(x)

⇒ x − 3 = 0

⇒ x = 3

So x = 3 is a zero of (x − 3) only.

Hence, −3 is not a zero of (x − 3)

Hence, the statement is false. (1 mark)

(ii) Let p(x) = 3x + 1

So for p(x) = 0 we get zero of p(x)

⇒ 3x + 1 = 0

−1
⇒ x =
3

−1
So x = 3
is a zero of (3x + 1) only.

−1
Hence, 3
is a zero of (3x + 1)

Hence, the statement is true. (1 mark)

(iii) Let p(y) = 4 − 5y

So for p(y) = 0 we get zero of p(y)

⇒ 4 − 5y = 0

4
⇒ y =
5

4
So y = 5
is a zero of (4 − 5y) only.

4
Hence, − is not a zero of
5
(4 − 5y)

Hence, the statement is false. (1 mark)

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 Polynomials

5. Without actual division , prove that 2x 4

– 5x
3
+ 2x
2
− x + 2 is divisible by
x
2
− 3x + 2 .

[ 3 marks ]

Solution:
Let p(x) = 2x – 5x + 2x – x + 2
4 3 2

Factorise x – 3x + 2.
2

Now, x – 3x + 2 = x – 2x– x + 2
2 2
[By splitting middle term]
= x(x– 2)– 1(x– 2) = (x– 1)(x– 2)

Hence, zeros of x – 3x + 2 are 1 and 2.

2
(1 mark)
We have to prove that, 2x – 5x + 2x – x + 2 is divisible by x
4 3 2 2
.
– 3x + 2

i.e. prove that p(1) = 0 and p(2) = 0

Now. p(1) = 2(1) – 5(1) + 2(1) – 1 + 2
4 3 2

= 2– 5 + 2– 1 + 2 = 6– 6 = 0
4 3 2
p(2) = 2(2) – 5(2) + 2(2) – 2 + 2

= 2 × 16– 5 × 8 + 2 × 4 + 0
= 32 − 40 + 8 = 40– 40 = 0

Hence, p(x) is divisible by x 2

– 3x + 2 . (2 marks)

6. Find p(0), p(1) and p(2) for each of the following polynomials:
(i) p(y) = y 2
− y + 1

(ii) p(t) = 2 + t + 2t 2
− t
3

[ 3 marks]

Solution:
(i)
2
p(y) = y − y + 1

p(0) = 0
2
− 0 + 1 = 1 [0.5 mark]
− 1 + 1 = 1 [0.5 mark]
2
p(1) = 1

− 2 + 1 = 3. [0.5 mark]
2
p(2) = 2

(ii)
2 3
p(t) = 2 + t + 2t − t

p(0) = 2 + 0 + 2 × 0
2
− 0
3
= 2 [0.5 mark]
= 4 [0.5 mark]
2 3
p(1) = 2 + 1 + 2 × 1 − 1

p(2) = 2 + 2 + 2 × 2
2
− 2
3
= 4 + 8 − 8 = 4. [0.5 mark]

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 Polynomials

7. Factorise:
3 2
(i) x − 2x − x + 2

3 2
(ii) x − 3x − 9x − 5

3 2
(iii) x + 13x + 32x + 20

3 2
(iv) 2y + y − 2y − 1

[ 5 marks ]

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 Polynomials
Solution:
3 2
(i) Given; x − 2x − x + 2

Factorising
3 2
x − x − 2x + 2

2 2
= x(x − 1) − 2(x − 1)
2
= (x − 1)(x − 2)
2 2
= [(x) − (1) ](x − 2)

= (x − 1)(x + 1)(x − 2)

2 2
∵ [(a − b ) = (a + b)(a − b)]

Conclusion
3 2
T hus, x − 2x − x + 2

= (x − 1)(x + 1)(x − 2)

(1 mark)
3 2
(ii) Given : x − 3x − 9x − 5

Factorising
3 2
x − 3x − 9x − 5

3 2 2
= x + x − 4x − 4x − 5x − 5
2
= x (x + 1) − 4x(x + 1) − 5(x + 1)
2
= (x + 1)(x − 4x − 5)
2
= (x + 1)(x − 5x + x − 5)

= (x + 1)[(x(x − 5) + 1(x − 5))]

= (x + 1)(x − 5)(x + 1)

Conclusion
3 2
T hus, x − 3x − 9x − 5

= (x + 1)(x − 5)(x + 1)

(1.5 marks)
3 2
(iii) Given : x + 13x + 32x + 20

Factorising
3 2
x + 13x + 32x + 20

3 2 2
= x + x + 12x + 12x + 20x + 20
2
= x (x + 1) + 12x(x + 1) + 20(x + 1)
2
= (x + 1)(x + 12x + 20)
2
= (x + 1)(x + 2x + 10x + 20)

= (x + 1)[x(x + 2) + 10(x + 2)]

= (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 10)

Conclusion
3 2
T hus, x + 13x + 32x + 20

= (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 10)

(1 mark)

(iv) Given : 2y
3
+ y
2
− 2y − 1
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 Polynomials
Factorising
3 2
2y + y − 2y − 1

3 2 2
= 2y − 2y + 3y − 3y + y − 1
2
= 2y (y − 1) + 3y(y − 1) + 1(y − 1)
2
= (y − 1)(2y + 3y + 1)
2
= (y − 1)(2y + 2y + y + 1)

= (y − 1)[(2y(y + 1) + 1(y + 1)]

= (y − 1)(y + 1)(2y + 1)

Conclusion:
3 2
T hus, 2y + y − 2y − 1

= (y − 1)(y + 1)(2y + 1)

(1.5 marks)

8. If (x 2
− y ) = 18
2
and (x − y) = 3, find the value of 16x 2
y
2
.

 A. 27

 B. 81

 C. 243

 D. 729
2 2
(x − y ) = (x − y)(x + y) = 18

(x − y) = 3 − − − −(i)

18
(x + y) = = 6 − − − −(ii)
3

Adding equation (i) and (ii) we get

2x = 9
9
x =
2

3
Substituting the value of x in equation (ii) we get y = 2

Now substituting the value of x and y in 16x 2

y
2
we get,

2 2
= 16x y
9 2 3 2
= 16 × ( ) × ( )
2 2

= 729

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 Polynomials

2 2
9. The value of 249 − 248 is

 A. 109

 B. 577

 C. 487

 D. 497
249
2
− 248
2
= (249 + 248)(249 − 248) Using identity, [a 2
–b
2
= (a + b)(a − b)]

= 497 × 1
= 497

10. Calculate 103 × 107 using algebraic identities.

 A. 10121

 B. 11021

 C. 10021

 D. 12011

We know that (x + a)(x + b) = x 2

+ (a + b)x + ab

To split 103 × 107, we need a square that is easy to calculate.

Hence, x = 100, a = 3, b = 7
∴ 103 × 107 = (100 + 3)(100 + 7)
2
= 100 + (3 + 7)(100) + (3)(7)

= 10000 + 1000 + 21 = 11021

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 Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry: Introduction to
Coordinate Geometry

Topic : Exam Important Question

PDF

1. If y-coordinate is 3 times x-coordinate, form a table for it and draw a graph. (3

Marks)

Since the y-coordinate is 3 times the x-coordinate, we get the following

values.

X 1 2 3 4

Y 3 6 9 12

(1 Mark)

If we plot all the coordiantes on the coordinate axis the graph will look like
following:

(2 Marks)

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 Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry: Introduction to
Coordinate Geometry

2. The cartesian plane is divided into ___ parts. (1 Mark)

The cartesian plane is divided into four parts. (1 Mark)

3. What are the coordinates of the point E and F of the given below graph? (3

marks)

Case(i)
The point E is at a distance of +3 units from y-axis and at a distance of +4
units from x-axis. (1 Mark)
Therefore, the x coordinate of E is 3 and y coordinate is 4. (0.5 Mark)
Hence the coordinate of E are (3, 4).

Case(ii)
The point F is at a distance of -3 units from y-axis and at a distance of -4
units from x-axis. (1.0 Mark)
Therefore, the x coordinate of F is -3 and y coordinate is -4. (0.5 Mark)
Hence the coordinate of F are (−3, −4).

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 Coordinate Geometry: Introduction to
Coordinate Geometry

4. The coordinates of point A on x-axis are given as (a + 2, a − 2). Then find the
2
value of a . (2 Marks)

Given:
Coordinates = (a + 2, a − 2) ....(i)

Since, the point A lies on x-axis.

Coordinates of point A = (x, 0) ...(ii)

Comparing equation (i) with equation (ii) we get,

(a − 2) = 0 (1 mark)

a = 2

2 2
a = 2

2
a = 4.

2
Therefore, value of a is 4. (1 mark)

5. Point (−1, 5) lies in which quadrant? (2 Marks)

Here, (x, y) = (−1, 5)

Since, the value of abscissa is −1 which is negative whereas, value of

ordinate is 5 which is positive.
(1 Mark)

Therefore, (−1, 5) lies in second quadrant.

(1 Mark)

6. The ordinate of the point (−a, −b) is _______. (1 Mark)

As we know, ordinate of the point (x, y) is y.

Therefore, ordinate of the point (−a, −b) is −b.

(1 Mark)

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 Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry: Introduction to
Coordinate Geometry

7. The abscissa of the point (5, −9) is _______. (1 Mark)

As we know, abscissa of the point (x, y) is x.

Therefore, abscissa of the point (5, −9) is 5.

(1 Mark)

8. For x = 2, y = 3, u = −5, v = 10 the point(x + y, u + v) lies in which quadrant?

(2 Marks)

Abscissa is x + y = 2 + 3 = 5 ) (0.5 Mark)

Ordinate is u + v = −5 + 10 = 5 (0.5 Mark)

The point is (5, 5).

Since both coordinates are positive therefore, the point lies in I

quadrant. (1 Mark)

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 Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry: Introduction to
Coordinate Geometry

9. Find the coordinates of the points B, D and H.

(3 Marks)

Case(i)
The point B is at a distance of −5 units from y-axis and at a distance of +2

units from x-axis.

Therefore, the x coordinate of B is −5 and y coordinate is +2.

Hence the coordinate of B are (−5, 2). (1 Mark)

Case(ii)
The point D is at a distance of +6 units from y-axis and at a distance of +2

units from x-axis.

Therefore, the x coordinate of D is +6 and y coordinate is +2.

Hence the coordinate of D are (6, 2). (1 Mark)

Case(iiI)
The point H is at a distance of −5 units from y-axis and at a distance of −3

units from x-axis.

Therefore, the x coordinate of H is −5 and y coordinate is −3.

Hence the coordinate of H are (−5, −3). (1 Mark)

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 Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry: Introduction to
Coordinate Geometry

10. In a “Coordinate City”, houses are numbered using coordinates. A delivery

boy has been given the following information. Help him to deliver the parcel to

house Q.​

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49
Lines and Angles

50
Lines and Angles

51
Lines and Angles

52
Lines and Angles

53
Lines and Angles

54
Triangles

55
Triangles

56
Triangles
Triangles

57
Triangles

58
Triangles

59
Triangles

60
Triangles

61
Triangles

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

Topic : Exam Important Questions

1. ABCD is a parallelogram and AP and CQ are perpendiculars from vertices A

and C on diagonal BD( See the given figure). Show that AP = CQ.

[2 marks]
In ΔAP B ≅ ΔCQD
∠AP B = ∠CQD (Each 90
∘
)

AB = CD
(Opposite sides of parallelogram ABCD)

∠ABP = ∠CDQ

(Alternate interior angles for AB || CD)

(1 mark)

∴ ΔAP B ≅ ΔCQD

(By AAS congruency)

By using this result

ΔAP B ≅ ΔCQD, we obtain

AP = CQ ( By CPCT)
(1 mark)

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

2. Through A, B and C lines RQ, PR and QP have been drawn, respectively

parallel to sides BC, CA and AB of a ΔABC as shown in figure. Show that
QR.
1
BC =
2

[3 marks]
[Properties of a parallelogram]
Given in ΔABC , PQ ∥ AB and PR ∥ AC and RQ ∥ BC

To show .
1
BC = QR
2

Proof in Quadrilateral BCAR, BR ∥CA and BC ∥ RA

So, quadrilateral , BCAR is a parallelogram.

∴ BC = AR ….(i)
(1 mark)

Now, in quadrilateral BCQA, BC ∥AQ

And AB ∥ QC

So, quadrilateral BCQA is a parallelogram.

BC = AQ …..(ii)
(1 mark)

On adding Eqs (i) and (ii) we get

2BC = AR + AQ

⇒ 2BC = RQ

⇒ BC =
1
QR
2
. Hence proved
(1 mark)

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

3. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB∥ DC and ∠A = ∠B = 45 . Find angles C

∘

and D of the trapezium.

[2 marks]
Given, ABCD is a trapezium and whose parallel sides in the figure are AB
and DC. Since, AB ∥ CD and BC is transversal, then sum of two cointerior
angles is 180 .
∘

∘
∴ ∠B + ∠C = 180

∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ ∠C = 180 − ∠B = 180 − 45

⇒ ∠C = 135
∘
(1 mark)

Similarly, ∠A + ∠D = 180 ∘

∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ ∠D = 180 − 45 [∵ ∠A = 45 given]

∘
⇒ ∠D = 135

Hence, angles C and D are 135 each. ∘

(1 mark)

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

4. Solve the following question:

(i) Opposite angles of a quadrilateral ABCD are equal. If AB = 4cm, determine
CD. (1 mark)

(ii) Diagonals AC and BD of a parallelogram ABCD intersect each other at O. If

OA = 3cm and OD = 2cm, determine the lengths of AC and BD. (2 marks)

[Properties of a parallelogram]
(i) Given, opposite angles of a quadrilateral are equal. So, ABCD is a
parallelogram and we know that in a parallelogram opposite sides are also
equal.
CD=AB = 4cm. (1 mark)

(ii) Given, ABCD is a parallelogram OA =

3cm and OD = 2cm

We know that, diagonals of a parallelogram

bisect each other.

∴ Diagonal AC = 2 OA = 6cm [∵ AO = OC]

And Diagonal BD = 2OD = 4 cm [∵ BO = OD]

Hence the length of the diagonals AC and BD are 6cm and 4cm,
respectively (2 marks)

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

5. Given below is a parallelogram. AC and BD are diagonals. If AO = x + y, OC =

5y, DO = 3x, OB = 12, they find x and y.

In the parallelogram ABCD, AC and BD are diagonals.

Since the diagonals of the parallelogram bisect each other,
AO = OC and BO = OD.

AO = x + y, Oc = 5y (Given)
x + y = 5y ------- (i)

DO = 3x, OB = 12
3x = 12 ---------- (ii)

12
On solving (ii), we get, x = = 4.
3
x=4

Using x = 4 in (i), we get, 4 + y = 5y

On solving, we get, 4 = 5y - y = 4y
4y = 4
4
y = =1
4

x = 4 and y = 1

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

6. The angle of quadrilateral are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 9 :13. Find the all the angles
of the quadrilateral.
[3 marks]

Let the common ratio between the angle be x, therefore, the angles will be
3x,5x, 9x, and 13x respectively.
As the sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360 ,
∘

∴ 3x+5x+9x+13x=360
∘

[0.5 marks]
∘
30x = 360
∘
x = 12
[0.5 marks]

Hence, the angles are

∘
3x = 3 × 12 = 36
[0.5 marks]
∘
5x = 5 × 12 = 60
[0.5 marks]
∘
9x = 9 × 12 = 108
[0.5 marks]
∘
13x = 13 × 12 = 156
[0.5 marks]

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

7. In the following parallelogram, find the value of x.

[2 marks]
Solution:
Given that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
We know that, in a parallelogram the opposite angles are equal.
[1 mark]
o o
∴ (−7 + 4x) = 81
o o
⇒ (4x − 7) = 81
o o o
⇒ 4x = 81 + 7 = 88
o
⇒ 4x = 88
o
88
⇒ x =
4
o
⇒ x = 22

Hence the value of x is 22 . o

[1 mark]

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

8. In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the mid-points of sides AB and CD

respectively. Show that the line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.
[3 Marks]
[Mid Point Theorem]

Solution:

ABCD is a parallelogram.
AB||CD ⇒ AE||F C

Now, AB = CD, (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)

1 1
AB = CD
2 2

⇒ AE = F C (E and F are the mid-points of AB and CD)

AECF is a parallelogram.
(AE and CF are parallel and equal to each other)
Then, AF || EC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
(1 Mark)

Now, in △DQC,
F is the mid-point of side DC and FP || CQ( as AF || EC)
P is the mid-point of DQ (Converse of mid-point theorem)
⇒ DP = P Q...(i) (0.5 Marks)

In △AP B,
E is the id-point of side AB and EQ || AB (as AF || EC).
Q is the mid-point of PB.
(By converse of mid-point theorem)
⇒ P Q = QB ...(ii) (0.5 Marks)

Now, we can conclude that,

DP = PQ = BQ (From (i) and (ii))
Hence, the line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.
(1 Mark)

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

9. In the given figure, M, N, and P are the mid-points of AB, AC, and BC,
respectively. If MN = 3 cm, NP = 3.5 cm and MP = 2.5 cm, find the length of
BC, AB, and AC.

[3 Marks]
Here, MN is a line which joins the mid-point M of AB and N of AC.

Then, by mid-point theorem, M N ∥ BC and M N =

1
BC
2

⇒ BC = 2M N = 6 cm

[1 Mark]
1
Similarly, M P ∥ AC and M P = AC
2

⇒ AC = 2M P = 5 cm

[1 Mark]
1
And, N P ∥ AB and N P = AB
2

⇒ AB = 2N P = 7 cm

[1 Mark]

So, the length of the sides BC, AB, and AC are 6 cm, 7 cm, and 5 cm,
respectively.

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

10.

In figure, E and F are mid - points of the sides AB and AC respectively of the
ΔABC . G and H are mid-points of the sides AE and AF respectively of the

ΔAEF . If GH =1.8 cm, find BC.

[2 M arks]

Solution:

1
EF = BC … … (1)
2

[0.5 M arks]

(∵ E and F are mid-points of sides AB and AC of ΔABC )

1
GH = EF … … (2)
2

[0.5 M arks]

(∵ G and H are mid-points of sides AB and AC of ΔAEF )

From (1) and (2), we have,
1 1 1
GH = × BC = BC
2 2 4

⇒ BC = 4 × GH = 4 × 1.8 cm = 7.2 cm

[1 M ark]

Hence, BC = 7.2 cm

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

11. D, E and F are respectively the mid-points of the sides AB, BC and CA of a
ΔABC . Prove that by joining these mid-points D, E and F, the ΔABC is
divided into four congruent triangles.
[4 Marks]

Given in a ΔABC, D, E and F respectively the mid-points of the sides AB,

BC and CA.

To prove ΔABC is divided into four congruent triangles.

Proof Since, ABC is a triangle and D, E and F are the mid-points of sides
AB, BC and CA, respectively

Then, AD = BD = 1
AB, BE = EC =
2
1
BC
2

And AF = CF =
1
AC(1M ark)
2

Now, using the mid-point theorem,

1
EF || AB and EF = AB = AD = BD
2

1
ED || AC and ED = AC = AF = CF
2

And
1
DF || BC and DF = BC = BE = CE(1M ark)
2

In ΔADF andΔEF D,
AD = EF
AF = DE
DF = FD [Common]
∴ ΔADF ≅ ΔEF D [by SSS congruence rule]
(1 Mark)
Similarly, ΔDEF ≅ ΔEDB (0.5 Marks)
And ΔDEF ≅ ΔCF E (0.5 Marks)
So, ΔABC is divided into four congruent triangles. Hence proved.

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 Quadrilaterals
Revise: Quadrilaterals

12. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which P, Q, R and S are mid-points of the sides AB,
BC, CD and DA. AC is the diagonal. Show that
(i) SR || AC and SR = 1

2
AC

(ii) PQ = SR
(iii) PQRS is a parallelogram.

[3 Marks]
(i) In △ADC , R is the mid-point of DC and S is the mid-point of DA.
Thus, by mid-point theorem, SR||AC and
1
SR = AC. (1M ark)
2

(ii) In △BAC, P is the mid-point of AB and Q is the mid-point of BC.

Thus, by mid-point theorem, PQ || AC and P Q = AC.
1

Also, SR = AC
1

Hence, PQ = SR. (1
Mark)

(iii) SR || AC ... From Question (i)

PQ || AC ... From Question (ii)
⇒ P Q||SR

From (ii), PQ = SR
Since, one pair of opposides of the quadrilateral PQRS is parallel and equal,
PQRS is a Parallelogram. (1 Mark)
Hence Proved.

74
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 Circles

Exam Important Questions

75
Circles

76
Circles

77
Circles

78
Circles

79
Circles

80
 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

Topic : Exam Important Questions

1. If the area of an equilateral triangle is 16√3cm , then the perimeter of the

2

triangle is

[3 Marks]
[ Area of an Equilateral Triangle ]
Solution:

Given, area of an equilateral triangle = 16√3cm 2

√3
∵ Area of an equilateral triangle = 4
(Side)
2

√3
2 2
⇒ (Side) = 16√3 ⇒ (Side) = 64
4

∴ Side = 8cm
.....(2 Mark)

[taking positive square root because side is always positive]

∴ Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × side = 3 × 8 = 24cm

....(1 Mark)

Hence, the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 24 cm.

81
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 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

2. The edges of a triangular board are 6cm, 8cm and 10cm. The cost of painting
it at the rate of 9 paise per cm is ______.
2

(3 Marks)
[Heron's Formula]
Solution:

Since, the edges of a triangular board are a = 6cm, b = 8cm and c=10cm.
Now, semi – perimeter of a triangular board,
a+b+c
s =
2
6+8+10 24
= = = 12cm
2 2

....(0.5 Marks)

Now, area of a triangular board = √s(s − a)(a − b)(s − c) [by Heron’s

formula]
= √12(12 − 6)(12 − 8)(12 − 10)

= √12 × 6 × 4 × 2

= √(12)2 × (2)2
2
= 12 × 2 = 24cm
....(2 Mark)

Given that, the cost of painting an area of 1 cm2 = Rs.0.09

∴ The cost of painting an area of 24 cm = 0.09 × 24 = Rs 2.16
2

...(0.5 Marks)

Hence, the cost of painting the triangular board at the rate of 9 paise per cm 2

is Rs 2.16.

82
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 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

3.
Find the area of a parallelogram given in the figure. Also, find the length of the
altitude from vertex A on the side DC.
(4 marks)

Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2(Area of ΔBCD)

Now, the sides of a ΔBCD are a = 12 cm, b = 17 cm and c = 25 cm.

12+17+25 54
Semi-perimeter , s = 2
=
2
= 27

(0.5 marks)

∴ Area of ΔBCD = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) [by Heron’s formula]

= √27(27 − 12)(27 − 17)(27 − 25)

= √27 × 15 × 10 × 2

= √9 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2
2
= 3 × 3 × 5 × 2 = 90cm

(2 marks)

Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2 × 90

= 180 cm 2

Let 'h' be the altitude of the parallelogram.

Area of parallelogram ABCD = Base × Altitude
⇒ 180 = DC × h
⇒ 180 = 12 × h
180
∴ h = = 15 cm
12

(1 marks)

Hence, the area of parallelogram is 180 cm and the length of altitude is 15

2

cm.

(0.5 marks)
83
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 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

4. A field in the form of a parallelogram has sides 60m and 40m and one of its
diagonals is 80m long. Find the area of the parallelogram.

[ 5 marks ]
[Heron's Formula]
Solution:

Let ABCD be a parallelogram field with sides AB = CD = 60m, BC = DA =

40m and diagonal BD = 80m.
Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2 (Area of ΔABD)
….(i)
Consider ΔABD,
Semi – perimeter of a triangle ΔABD,
a+b+c
s =
2

AB+BD+DA
=
2
60+80+40 180
= =
2 2

= 90m

......(1 Mark)

∴ Area of ΔABD = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) [by Heron’s formula].

= √90(90 − 60)(90 − 80)(90 − 40)

= √90 × 30 × 10 × 50
2
= 100 × 3√15 = 300√15m

....(2 Marks)

From Eq.(i),
Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2 × 300√15 = 600√15m 2

...(2 Mark)

Hence, the area of the parallelogram is 600√15m 2

84
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 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

5. A rhombus shaped sheet with perimeter 40 cm and one diagonal 12 cm, is

painted on both sides at the rate of ₹ 5 per cm . Find the cost of painting.
2

(3 Marks)
[Heron's Formula]
Solution:

Let ABCD be a rhombus having each side equal

to x cm.
i.e, AB = BC = CD = DA = x cm
Given, perimeter of a rhombus = 40
∴ AB + BC + CD + DA = 40

⇒ x + x + x + x = 40

⇒ 4x = 40
40
⇒ x =
4

∴ x = 10 cm ( 1 mark)
In ΔABC ,
let a = AB = 10 cm, b = BC = 10 cm and c = AC = 12 cm

Now, semi-perimeter of
a+b+c
ΔABC, s =
2
10+10+12 32
= = = 16cm
2 2

′
∴ Area of ΔABC = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) by H eron s f ormula

= √16(16 − 10)(16 − 10)(16 − 12)

2
= √16 × 6 × 6 × 4 = 4 × 6 × 2 = 48 cm

∴ Area of the rhombus = 2(Area of ΔABC) = 2 × 48

= 96 cm
2
( 1 mark)
The cost of painting a sheet of 1 cm = ₹ 5 2

∴ The cost of painting a sheet of 96 cm = 96 × 5 = ₹ 480

2

Hence, the cost of painting the sheet on both sides = 2 × 480 = ₹ 960
( 1 mark)

85
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 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

6. The triangular side walls of a flyover have been used for advertisement. The
sides of the walls are 122 m, 22 m, and 120 m (see the given figure). The
advertisements yield an earning of Rs 5000 per m per year. A company hired
2

one of its walls for 3 months. How much rent did it pay?

(3 Marks)
Let the sides of the triangle (i.e., a, b, c) be 122 m, 22 m, and 120 m
respectively.
Perimeter of triangle = (122 + 22 + 120) m
2s = 264 m
∴ s = 132 m ( 0.5 marks)

By Heron’s formula,
Area of triangle = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
( 0.5 marks)

2
Area of the given triangle = √132(132 − 122)(132 − 22)(132 − 120) m

2
= √132(10)(110)(12) m

2
= 1320 m (1 Mark)

Rent of 1 m area per year = Rs 5000

2

Rent of 1 m area per month = Rs

5000
2

12

Rent of 1320 m area for 3 months = Rs (

2 5000

12
× 3 × 1320)

= Rs (5000 × 330)

= Rs 16, 50, 000 (1 Mark)

Therefore, the company paid Rs 16,50,000.

86
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 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

7. Raju has a rearing farm which he has divided into 3 parts for rearing cows,
sheeps and goats. Now using the given information, find the area alloted for
cows.

[2 marks]
We can see from the figure that, the area alloted for cows is a triangular
region.
hence we can use Heron's formula to find the area alloted for rearing.
Area of a triangle = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) [0.5 marks]
The length of the sides are 13 m, 14 m and 15 m.
13+14+15
Semiperimeter = [0.5 marks]
42
= = 21 m
2 2

Area = √21(21 − 13)(21 − 14)(21 − 15)

= √21(8)(7)(6)

2
= 84 m
[1 mark]

87
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Exam Important Questions
 Heron's Formula
Heron's Formula: Area of Triangle

8. Raju has a rearing farm which he has divided into 3 parts for rearing cows,
sheeps and goats. Now using the given information, find the area alloted for
sheeps.

(3 Marks)
[Heron's Formula]
Solution:

We can see from the figure that, the area alloted for sheeps is a triangular
region.
hence we can use Heron's formula to find the area alloted for rearing.

Area of a triangle = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)

The length of the sides are 13 m, 13 m and 10 m.
13+13+10
Semiperimeter =
36
= = 18 m (1M ark)
2 2

Area = √18(18 − 13)(18 − 13)(18 − 10)

= √18(5)(5)(8)

2
= 60 m (2M arks)

88
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

Topic : Important Questions -

Topic : Exam
Practice SetImportant Questions
+ Solutions

89
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

1.
The surface areas of two spheres are in the ratio 1 : 4. Find the ratio of their
volumes.
[2 Marks]

Sol:
Given that surface areas of two spheres are in the ratio 1:4.

: =1:4
4 4
2 2
πr πR
3 3

r : R = 1 : 2.
(1 Mark)

Now ratio of volumes of two spheres = :

4 4
3 3
πr πR
3 3

r
3
: R = 1 : 2 = 1:8
3 3 3

(1 Mark)

90
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

2. Find the surface area of a hemisphere whose radius is 4 cm?

(2 marks)

Given:

Radius, r = 4 cm

The curved surface area = 2πr2 square units.

The total surface area = 3πr2 square units

Substitute the value of r in the formula.

(i) CSA of the hemisphere= 2 × 3.14 × 4 × 4

CSA = 3.14 × 32

CSA = 100.48 cm2

(1 Mark)

(ii) TSA of the hemisphere = 3 × 3.14 × 4 × 4

TSA = 3.14 × 48
TSA = 150.72 cm2
(1 Mark)

91
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Important Questions - Practice Set + Solutions
 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

3.
Find the length of cloth used in making a conical pandal of height 100 m and
base radius 240 m, if the cloth is 100πm wide.
[3 marks]

Height of conical pandal (h)=100 m

Base radius (r)=240 m

∴ Slant height (l) = √r2 + h2

2 2
= √(240) + (100) = √57600 + 10000

= √67600 = 260 m

(1 mark)

N ow area of curved surf ace = πrl

2 2
= π × 240 × 260 m = 62400 π m

(1 mark)

W idth of canvas cloth = 100 π m

Area 62400 π
∴ Length of cloth = =
W idth 100 π

= 624 m

(1 mark)

4.
Find the weight of a solid cone whose base is of diameter 14 cm and vertical
height 51 cm,supposing the material of which it is made weighs 10 grams per
cubic cm. (3 marks)

Diameter of the base of solid cone=14 cm

and vertical height (h)=51 cm

(1 mark)
14
∴ Radius (r) = = 7 cm(0.5 marks)
2

1 2
V olume = πr h
3

1 22
2 3
= × × 7 × 7 × 51 cm = 2618 cm (1 mark)
3 7

3
W eight of 1 cm = 10 grams(0.5 mark)

T hen total weight = 2618 × 10 gm

26180
= kg = 26.18 kg
1000

92
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

5.
The outer diameter of a spherical shell is 12 cm and its inner diameter is 8
cm,Find the volume of metal contained in the shell. Also find its outer surface
area. [ 3 marks ]

Solution:

Outer diameter of the spherical shell = 12 cm

Hence, radius = 6 cm

Inner diameter of spherical shell = 8 cm

Hence, radius = 4 cm

Now, Volume of the outer shell = = = 905.15 cm [

4 4 22
3 3
πr × × 6 × 6 × 6
3 3 7

1 mark ]

And, Volume of the inner shell = = = 268.20 cm [

4 4 22
3 3
πr × × 4 × 4 × 4
3 3 7

1 mark ]

Volume of metal contained in the shell = (Volume of outer) – (Volume of

inner) = (905.15) -(268.20) cm = 636.95 cm
3 3

∴ Outer Surface area = 4πr = 4× = 452.57 cm

22
2 3
×6 × 6
7

[ 1 mark ]

93
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

6.
A cylindrical tub of radius 12 cm contains water to a depth of 20 cm. A
spherical iron ball is dropped into the tub and thus the level fo water is raised
by 6.75 cm.What is the radius of the ball ?
(2 marks)

Given the radius of the cylinder, r = 12 cm

It is also given that a spherical iron ball is dropped into the cylinder and the
water level is raised by 6.75 cm

Hence volume of water displaced = volume of the iron ball

Height of the raised water level, h = 6.75 m

Volume of water displaced = πr h 2

= π × 12 × 12 × 6.75 cm 3

⇒ Volume of iron ball = π × 12× 12 ×6.75 cm3 → (1)

But, volume of iron ball = ---(2)

4
3
πr
3

(1 mark)

From (1) and (2) we get

= 12 × 12 × 6.75​​
4
3
πr π ×
3

r
3
= π × 12 × 12 × 6.75 × ​ 3

r
3
​= 729

r
3
​= 3 3

r=9

Thus the radius of the iron ball is 9 cm

​(1 mark)

94
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

7.
A hemi- spherical dome of a building needs to be painted. If the
circumference of the base of the dome is 17.6 m, find the cost of painting it,
given the cost of painting is Rs. 5 per 100cm 2
.

(2 marks)

circumference of the base of dome (r)

= 17.6m
c 17.6×7
∴ Radius = = = 2.8m
2π 2×22

2
∴ Surf ace area = 2πr

22
2 2
= 2 × × (2.8) m
7

44
2 2
= × 2.8 × 2.8m = 49.28m
7

(1 mark)

Rate of painting the surface

2
= Rs. 5 per 100 cm

49.28×5×10000
∴ T otal cost =
100

= Rs. 24640

(1 mark)

95
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

8.
The dimensions of a room are (9 m × 8 m × 6.5 m).It has one door of
dimensions ( 2 m × 1.5 m) and two windows, each of dimensions
(1.5 m × 1 m ). Find the cost of whitewashing the walls at Rs25 per square
metre.
(3 Marks)

Length of room = 9 m
Breadth of room = 8 m
Height of room = 6.5 m

Total Surface Area of room = 2(lb + bh + hl) – lb [Floor is excluded]

= 2[9x8 + 8x6.5 + 6.5x9] – 9x8
= 293 sq m (1 Mark)

Area of one door = 2 x 1.5 = 3 sq m (0.5

Marks)
Area of 2 windows = 2 x 1.5 x 1 = 3 sq m
(0.5 Marks)
Area of walls to be white washed = 293 – 6 = 287 sq m
(0.5 Marks)
Cost of white washing the walls at Rs 25 per sq m = Rs 25 x 287
= Rs 7175 (0.5 Marks)

96
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

9.
Find the volume of the largest right circular cone that can be fitted in a cube
whose edge is 14 cm.
[2 marks]

Side of cube=14 cm

Radius of the largest cone that can be fitted in the cube (r)=
Side 14
= cm = 7 cm
2 2

(0.5 mark)

Height (h)=14 cm

(0.5 mark)

1 2 1 22 3
∴ V olume = πr h = × × 7 × 7 × 14 cm
3 3 7

2156
3 3
= cm = 718.67 cm
3

(1 mark)

97
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

10.
A hollow spherical shell is made of a metal of density 4.5 g per cm .If its
3

internal and external radii are 8 cm and 9 cm respectively, find the weight of
the shell. [ 2 marks ]

Solution:

Internal radius (r) = 8 cm

External radius (R) = 9 cm

Density of metal = 4.5 g per cm 3

∴ weight of the shell = density

4
3 3
π(R − r ) ×
3

=( 4.5)/1000 kg.
4
π(729– 512) ×
3

=( (217)×4.5)/1000 kg.
4
π×
3

∴ weight of the shell = 4.092 kg.

[ 2 marks ]

98
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

11.
How many cubic centimetres of iron are there in an open box whose external
dimensions are 36 cm, 25 cm and 16.5 cm, the iron being 1.5 cm thick
throughout? If 1 cubic cm of iron weighs 15 g, find the weight of the empty
box in kg.

(3 marks)
External length of open box (L) = 36 cm

Breadth (B) = 25 cm

and Height (H) = 16.5 cm

Width of iron sheet used = 1.5 cm

∴ Inner length (l) = 36 − 1.5 × 2

= 36 − 3 = 33 cm

Breadth (b) = 25 − 2 × 1.5

= 25 − 3 = 22 cm

and Height (h) = 16.5 − 1.5 = 15 cm

∴ Volume of the iron used

= Outer volume - Inner volume

(1 Mark)
= 36 × 25 × 16.5 − 33 × 22 × 15

3
= 14850 − 10890 = 3960 cm (1M ark)

3
Weight of 1 cm = 15 g

3960×15 59400
∴ Total weight = = kg
1000 1000

= 59.4 kg

(1 Mark)

99
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

12. It is required to make a closed cylindrical tank of height 1 m and base

diameter 140 cm from a metal sheet. How many square meters of the sheet
is required for the same?
22
[Assume π = ]
7

(3 Marks)
Height (h) of the cylindrical tank = 1 m
Base radius (r) of cylindrical tank
140
= ( ) cm = 70 cm = 0.7 m (1M ark)
2

Area of sheet required = Total surface area of the tank = 2πr(r + h)

22 2
⇒ [2 × × 0.7(0.7 + 1)] m
7

2
= (4.4 × 1.7)m

2
= 7.48 m (2M arks)

13.
A river 3 m deep and 40 m wide is flowing at the rate of 2 km per hour. How
much water will fall into the sea in a minute?
(3 marks)
Speed of water in a river = 2 km/hr

∴ Length of flow of water in 1 minute

2×1000 100
= = m
60 3

(0.5 Marks)
Breadth of river (b) = 40 m

and depth (h) = 3 m

100 3 3
∴ Volume of water = lbh = × 40 × 3 m = 4000 m
3

(1 Mark)
and volume in litres = 4000 × 1000 l

3
(1 m = 1000 litres)

= 4000000 litres

(1.5 Marks)

100
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

14. A storage tank is in the form of a cube. When it is full of water, the volume of
water is 15.625 m . If the present depth of water is 1.3 m, then find the
3

volume of water already used from the tank.

[NCERT]
[3 Marks]
Let the side of cube = x m
Volume of cubical tank = 15.625 m 3
[given]
3 3
⇒ x = 15.625 m
⇒ x = 2.5 m
(1 Mark)

And present depth of the water in the cubical tank = 1.3 m

∴ Height of water used = 2.5 - 1.3 = 1.2 m

Now, volume of water used = 1.2 × 2.5 × 2.5 = 7.5 m [volume of cubical
3

tank= l × b × h]
= 7.5 × 1000 = 7500L

3
[∵ 1 m = 1000 L]

Hence, the volume of water already used from the tanks is 7500 L.
(2 Marks)

101
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 Surface Areas and Volumes
Exam Preparation on: Surface Areas and
Volumes

15. The diameter of a roller is 84 cm and its length is 120 cm. It takes 500
complete revolutions to move once over to level a playground. Find the area
of the playground in m ? 2

22
[Assume π = ]
7

[2 Marks]
A roller is cylindrical shaped.
Height (h) of cylindrical roller = Length of roller = 120 cm
Radius (r) of the circular end of roller
84
= ( ) cm = 42 cm
2

(0.5 Marks)

CSA of roller
= 2πrh
= 2π × 42 × 120
2
= 31680 cm

(0.5 Marks)

Area of field
= N umber of revolutions × CSA of roller= 500 × CSA of roller
2
= (500 × 31680)cm

2
= 15840000 cm
2
= 1584 m

(1 Marks)

102
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 Statistics
Statistics: Frequency Polygons

Topic : Exam Important Questions

103
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Exam Important Questions
 Statistics
Statistics: Frequency Polygons

1. The following table gives the distribution of students of two sections according to the marks
obtained by them:
Section A Section B
Marks Frequency Marks Frequency
0 - 10 3 0 - 10 5
10 - 20 9 10 - 20 19
20 - 30 17 20 - 30 15
30- 40 12 30- 40 10
40 - 50 9 40 - 50 1
Represent the marks of the students of both the sections on the same graph by two frequency
polygons. From the two polygons compare the performance of the two sections.

104
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 Statistics
Statistics: Frequency Polygons
We can find the class marks of the given class intervals by using the following formula
Upper class limit+Lower class limit
Class mark =
2

Section A Section B
Marks Class marks Frequency Marks Class marks Frequency
0 - 10 5 3 0 - 10 5 5
10 - 20 15 9 10 - 20 15 19
20 - 30 25 17 20 - 30 25 15
30 - 40 35 12 30 - 40 35 10
40 - 50 45 9 40 - 50 45 1

Taking class marks on x-axis and frequency on y-axis and choosing an appropriate scale (1
unit = 3 for y-axis), the frequency polygon can be drawn as follows.

It can be observed that the performance of students of section 'A' is better than the students
of section 'B' in terms of good marks.

105
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 Statistics
Statistics: Frequency Polygons

2. The runs scored by two teams A and B on the first 60 balls in a cricket match are given below:

Number of balls Team A Team B

1 − 6 2 5

7 − 12 1 6

13 − 18 8 2

19 − 24 9 10

25 − 30 4 5

31 − 36 5 6

37 − 42 6 3

43 − 48 10 4

49 − 54 6 8

55 − 60 2 10

Represent the data of both the teams on the same graph by frequency polygons.

[4 marks]
[NCERT]
[Frequency Polygon]

106
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 Statistics
Statistics: Frequency Polygons
It can be observed that the class intervals of the given data are not continuous. There is a
gap of 1 in between them. Therefore, = 0.5 has to be added to the upper class limits and
1

0.5 has to be subtracted from the lower class limits. Also, class mark of each interval can be
found by using the following formula.
Upper class limit + Lower class limit
Class mark =
2

Continuous data with class mark of each class interval can be represented as follows.
Number of balls Class mark Team A Team B

0.5 − 6.5 3.5 2 5

6.5 − 12.5 9.5 1 6

12.5 − 18.5 15.5 8 2

18.5 − 24.5 21.5 9 10

24.5 − 30.5 27.5 4 5

30.5 − 36.5 33.5 5 6

36.5 − 42.5 39.5 6 3

42.5 − 48.5 45.5 10 4

48.5 − 54.5 51.5 6 8

54.5 − 60.5 57.5 2 10

[1 mark]

Solution:
By taking class marks on x-axis and runs scored on y-axis, a frequency polygon canbe
constructed as follows.

[3 marks]

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Statistics: Frequency Polygons

3. The following table gives the distribution of students of two sections according to the marks
obtained by them:

Section A Section B

Marks Frequency Marks Frequency

0 − 10 3 0 − 10 5

10 − 20 9 10 − 20 19

20 − 30 17 20 − 30 15

30 − 40 12 30 − 40 10

40 − 50 9 40 − 50 1

Represent the marks of the students of both the sections on the same graph by two frequency
polygons. From the two polygons compare the performance of the two sections.

[4 marks]
[NCERT]
[Frequency Polygon]

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Statistics: Frequency Polygons
Solution:
We can find the class marks of the given class intervals by using the following formula.
Upper class limit + Lower class limit
Class mark =
2

Section A Section B

Marks Class marks Frequency Marks Class marks Frequency

0 − 10 5 3 0 − 10 5 5

10 − 20 15 9 10 − 20 15 19

20 − 30 25 17 20 − 30 25 15

30 − 10 35 12 30 − 40 35 10

40 − 50 45 9 40 − 50 45 1

[1 mark]

[3 marks]

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Statistics: Frequency Polygons

4.
Which of the following is frequency polygon from the given data?

W eight(kg) N umberOf Students

35.5 − 40.5 5

40.5 − 45.5 2

45.5 − 50.5 12

50.5 − 55.5 2

55.5 − 60.5 45

(a)

(b)

(c)

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Statistics: Frequency Polygons

(d) [ 1 Mark]

A Frequency polygon is the graphical representation of both discrete and continuous

frequency distribution.

Class marks are first calculated, then they are taken on the X-axis and the corresponding
frequency on the Y-axis.
Weight(Kg) Class Marks Number of students
30.5 - 35.5 33 0
35.5 - 40.5 38 5
40.5 - 45.5 43 2
45.5 - 50.5 48 12
50.5 - 55.5 53 2
55.5 - 60.5 58 45
60.5 - 65.5 63 0

Scale used:
On X-axis 1 cm = 1 class interval length
On Y-axis 1 cm = 5 units

Although there exists no class preceding the lowest class and no class succeeding the
highest class, addition of two class intervals with zero frequency makes the area of frequency
polygon and area of the histogram as equal.
Correct Answer : (a) (1 mark)

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5. The birth rate per thousand in five countries over a period of time is show below:
Country China India Germany UK Sweden

Birth rate per thousand 42 35 14 28 21

Represent the above data by a bar graph.

[ 2 marks ]
[Bar Graph]
Solution:

( 2 marks )

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Statistics: Frequency Polygons

6. The following data on the number of girls (to the nearest ten) per thousand boys in different
sections of Indian society is given below.

Section Number of girls per thousand boys

Scheduled Caste (SC) 940

Scheduled Tribe (ST) 970

Non SC/ST 920

Backward districts 950

Non-backward districts 920

Rural 930

Urban 910

(i) Represent the information above by a bar graph.

(ii) In the classroom discuss, what conclusions can be arrived at from the graph.

[ 3 marks ]
[Bar Graph]
Solution:
(i) By representing section (variable) on x-axis and number of girls per thousand boys on y-
axis, the graph of the information given above can be constructed by choosing an appropriate
scale(1 unit = 100 girls for y-axis)

Here, all the rectangle bars are of the same length and have equal spacing in between
them. (2 marks)

(ii) It can be observed that the maximum number of girls per thousand boys (i.e.,970) is for
ST and the minimum number of girls per thousand boys (i.e., 910) is for urban. Also, the
number of girls per thousand boys is greater in rural areas than that in urban areas, backward
districts than that in non-backward districts, SC and ST than that in non-SC/ST. (1 mark)

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7. The following data on the number of girls (to the nearest ten) per thousand boys in different
sections of Indian society is given below.

Section Number of girls per thousand boys

Scheduled Caste (SC) 940

Scheduled Tribe (ST) 970

Non SC/ST 920

Backward districts 950

Non-backward districts 920

Rural 930

Urban 910

(i) Represent the information above by a bar graph.

(ii) In the classroom discuss, what conclusions can be arrived at from the graph.

[ 3 marks ]
[Bar Graph]
Solution:
(i) By representing section (variable) on x-axis and number of girls per thousand boys on y-
axis, the graph of the information given above can be constructed by choosing an appropriate
scale(1 unit = 100 girls for y-axis)

Here, all the rectangle bars are of the same length and have equal spacing in between
them. (2 marks)

(ii) It can be observed that the maximum number of girls per thousand boys (i.e.,970) is for
ST and the minimum number of girls per thousand boys (i.e., 910) is for urban. Also, the
number of girls per thousand boys is greater in rural areas than that in urban areas, backward
districts than that in non-backward districts, SC and ST than that in non-SC/ST. (1 mark)

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8. A random survey of the number of children of various age groups playing in park was found as
follows:

Age (in years) Number of children

1 − 2 5

2 − 3 3

3 − 5 6

5 − 7 12

7 − 10 9

10 − 15 10

15 − 17 4

Draw a histogram to represent the data above. (3 marks)

Here, it can be observed that the data has class intervals of varying width. The proportion of
children per 1 year interval can be calculated as follows.

Age (in years) Frequency (Number of children) Width of class Length of rectangle

5×1
1 − 2 5 1 = 5
1

3×1
2 − 3 3 1 = 3
1

6×1
3 − 5 6 2 = 3
2

12×1
5 − 7 12 2 = 6
2

9×1
7 − 10 9 3 = 3
3

10×1
10 − 15 10 5 = 2
5

4×1
15 − 17 4 2 = 2
2

( 2 marks)

Taking the age of children on x-axis and proportion of children per 1 year interval on y-axis,
the histogram can be drawn as follows.

(1 mark)
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