Grade 8

Ch-1 Computer Network (Question-Answers)

Q1. What is a computer network? Write any two advantages of computer

network.

Ans: A computer network is a group of computers and other devices, like

printers or smartphones, that are connected to each other so they can share
information, resources, and communicate with each other.

Two advantages of a computer network:

1. Sharing Information and Resources: Computers in a network can share

files, documents, and even hardware like printers or internet connections,
which saves time and money.
2. Communication: Networks allow people to communicate easily using
emails, chat apps, or video calls, even if they are far apart.

Q2. What is server? On the basis of functionality, write any three types of
servers with their functionality

Ans: A server is a powerful computer or system that provides services,

resources, or data to other computers (called clients) in a network. It manages
and shares resources like files, websites, or printers with other devices.

Types of Servers and Their Functionality:

1. File Server
o Functionality: Stores and manages files so that users in a network
can save, access, and share files from one central location.
2. Web Server
o Functionality: Hosts websites and delivers web pages to users when
they browse the internet. It ensures that websites are available to
users 24/7.
3. Print Server
o Functionality: Manages and shares printers across a network,
allowing multiple users to print documents without needing their
own printer.
Q3. Difference Between -

a. Client and Server:

Client Server

A client requests services or A server provides services or

resources from the server. resources to clients.

It is usually a normal computer or It is a powerful computer designed to

device like a PC or smartphone. handle multiple client requests.

Examples: Browsers (e.g., Chrome) Examples: Web servers hosting

acting as clients to access websites or file servers managing
websites. shared files.

b. Internet and Intranet:

Internet Intranet

The Internet is a global network that An Intranet is a private network used

connects millions of public computers within an organization, such as a
and devices worldwide. company or school.

Access is restricted to authorized users

It is open to everyone with access to it.
only.

Examples: A company’s internal

Examples: Websites like Google,
communication system or private file-
YouTube.
sharing network.

Q4. Write full form and define following terms-

Ans: A. DNS (Domain Name System)
It translates domain names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses, which
computers use to identify each other on the internet.
B. ISP (Internet Service Provider)
A company that provides users with access to the internet, such as AT&T,
Comcast, or Jio.

C. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

It is the web address of a specific resource on the internet, such as a webpage
(e.g., https://www.example.com).
D. IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
A unique numerical label assigned to every device connected to a network, used
to identify and communicate with the device (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
Q5. List the devices required for a computer network.
Ans:

1. Router
o Connects multiple networks and directs data between them, often
used to connect a local network to the internet.
2. Switch
o Connects multiple devices within a network and allows them to
communicate with each other efficiently.
3. Modem
o Connects the network to the internet by converting digital signals to
analog signals and vice versa.
4. Network Interface Card (NIC)
o A hardware component in a computer or device that allows it to
connect to a network, either wired or wireless.
5. Cables and Connectors
o Used for wired networks to connect devices like computers,
switches, and routers (e.g., Ethernet cables).
6. Firewall
o A security device (hardware or software) that protects the network
by controlling incoming and outgoing traffic.
7. Repeater
o Amplifies and extends the range of a network signal to cover larger
distances.

Q6. Enlist different types of network based on geographical area they cover.

Ans: Types of Networks Based on Geographical Area:

1. PAN (Personal Area Network)

o Covers a very small area, typically a few meters.
o Example: Connecting devices like smartphones, laptops, and headphones using
Bluetooth or USB.
 2. LAN (Local Area Network)
o Covers a small area, such as a home, office, or school.
o Example: A network connecting computers in a single building.
o
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
o Covers a city or a large campus.
o Example: Networks connecting different branches of a university in the same
city.
4. WAN (Wide Area Network)
o Covers a large area, such as multiple cities, countries, or continents.
o Example: The Internet is the largest example of a WAN.
5. CAN (Campus Area Network)
o Covers a collection of buildings within a limited area, such as a university or
corporate campus.
o Example: Connecting different departments in a corporate office complex.

Q7. Define topology. Write names of different topologies. Explain any three with diagrams.

Ans: Topology refers to the arrangement of devices (nodes) and connections (links) in a
computer network. It describes how the devices are interconnected and how data flows
between them.

Types of Topologies:

1. Bus Topology
2. Star Topology
3. Ring Topology
4. Mesh Topology
5. Tree Topology

1. Bus Topology
o All devices are connected to a single central cable called a "bus."
o Advantages:
 Easy to set up.
 Cost-effective.
o Disadvantages:
 Failure of the central cable affects the entire network.
 Limited scalability.

2. Star Topology
o All devices are connected to a central device, such as a switch or hub.
o Advantages:
 Easy to add or remove devices.
  Failure of one device does not affect the entire network.
o Disadvantages:
 Failure of the central device causes the entire network to fail.
 Higher cost due to the central device.

3. Ring Topology

Devices are connected in a circular format where each device is connected to

two neighboring devices.

o Advantages:
 Simple to install and maintain.
 Suitable for small networks.
o Disadvantages:
 Failure in one device can disrupt the entire network.
 Adding or removing devices can be complex.

Q8. What do you understand by network architecture. Explain types of network

architecture with diagrams.

Ans: Network architecture refers to the design and structure of a computer network. It
defines how devices, services, and communication protocols are organized and interact with
each other within the network. It can include the physical and logical layout of the network
and how resources are managed.

Types of Network Architecture:

1. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture

2. Client-Server Architecture

1. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture

  In a P2P network, all computers or devices are equal and share resources directly with
each other without a central server.
 Characteristics:
o Every device acts as both a client and a server.
o Suitable for small networks.
 Advantages:
o Easy to set up.
o Cost-effective as no dedicated server is required.
 Disadvantages:
o Less secure.
o Difficult to manage as the network grows.

2. Client-Server Architecture

 In a client-server network, there is a central server that manages resources and

services, while clients (devices) request these resources or services.
 Characteristics:
o Centralized management of data and resources.
o Suitable for large networks.
 Advantages:
o Centralized control improves security.
o Easy to add new clients or services.
 Disadvantages:
o High setup cost due to the server.
o Server failure affects the entire network.

Q9. Explain wireless Networking Technologies and its types.

Ans: Wireless networking refers to the use of radio waves or infrared signals to connect devices and
transmit data without the use of physical cables or wires. Wireless networks allow devices such as
laptops, smartphones, and printers to connect to the internet and communicate with other devices
easily.
Types of Wireless Networking Technologies:

1. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

2. Bluetooth

1. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

 Wi-Fi is a technology that allows devices to connect to the internet or local networks
wirelessly using radio waves.
 Range: Typically up to 100 meters, depending on the router and environment.
 Use: Found in homes, offices, public places like cafes, and libraries.
 Advantages:
o High-speed internet access.
o Easy to set up and use.
 Disadvantages:
o Limited range compared to wired networks.
o Can be affected by interference from other devices

2. Bluetooth

 Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology used for communication between

devices over short distances (typically up to 100 meters).
 Use: Commonly used in devices like headphones, speakers, keyboards, and for
transferring data between smartphones.
 Advantages:
o Low power consumption.
o Ideal for connecting personal devices like headsets and speakers.
 Disadvantages:
o Limited range (typically 10 meters).
o Lower data transfer speeds compared to Wi-Fi.

Q10. What is a protocol? Write about any 5 protocols used for different
operations on the internet.

Ans: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that define how data is transmitted and
received across a network. It ensures that devices in a network can communicate with each
other efficiently, securely, and without errors. Protocols specify how data is formatted,
transmitted, and processed at both ends of the communication.

Common Protocols Used on the Internet:

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

o Used for transferring web pages and other content over the internet.
o Operation: When you visit a website, your browser uses HTTP to request pages
from a web server, and the server responds with the requested content.
o Secure Version: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) adds encryption
for secure communication.
2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
o Used to transfer files between a client and a server over the internet.
 o Operation: FTP allows users to upload, download, and manage files on a remote
server.
3. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
o Used for sending and forwarding emails between mail servers.
o Operation: SMTP handles the sending of emails from an email client to an email
server, or between servers.
4. POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)
o Used by email clients to retrieve emails from a mail server.
o Operation: POP3 downloads emails from the server to your device, typically
removing them from the server.
5. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
o The basic communication protocol that governs data transmission on the
internet.
o Operation: TCP ensures reliable data transmission by breaking messages into
packets, while IP handles the routing of those packets between devices.

Q11. Write short notes-

1. MODEM (Modulator-Demodulator)

A device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals for transmission over
telephone lines or cable, and vice versa.

Modem enables internet connectivity by converting the digital data from your computer into a
form that can travel through telephone lines and then converting incoming signals back into
digital form for your computer.

Example: Used in homes to connect to the internet via telephone lines.

2. Gateway

 A network device that acts as an entry/exit point between different networks, such as a local
network and the internet.
 It translates different communication protocols, ensuring devices on different networks can
communicate with each other.
 Example: A router in a home network that connects a local area network (LAN) to the internet.

3. NIC (Network Interface Card)

 A hardware component that allows a computer or device to connect to a network.

 NICs enable devices to send and receive data over wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi) networks.
 Example: A Wi-Fi card in a laptop allows the device to connect to wireless networks.

4. Web Portal

 A web-based platform that provides access to various services, information, or applications,

typically through a centralized login.
 Web portals serve as gateways to services like emails, files, forums, or databases. They often
provide personalized content based on user preferences.
 Example: A company’s internal portal where employees can access documents, email, and other
resources.
 5. Bandwidth

 The maximum rate of data transfer across a network or internet connection, typically measured in
bits per second (bps).
 Bandwidth determines how much data can be transmitted in a given amount of time. Higher
bandwidth means faster data transfer and a smoother experience.
 Example: A 100 Mbps internet connection can transfer data at 100 megabits per second.

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