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Concrete 2 1

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3 views37 pages

Concrete 2 1

Uploaded by

Saeed Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Property and Design of

Concrete under Fire


Prof. Dr. Ishtiaque Ahmed
Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur PEng.
CE & FSP, BUET
Correlation Methods
• Tabulated data
– Only for certain member dimensions
– Not applicable for members with unique configuration
– Exposed to non-standard fire conditions
• Correlation methods is handy
– Simplified equations for concrete members
• Beams
• Columns
– Slabs
• Walls

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Slab & Wall
• ASCE Manual
– An average rise in temperature of 250°F on the unexposed surface
– The time elapsed to reach a temperature rise of 250°F
– An additional failure criterion for the reinforcing or prestressing slab
• Steel temperature
– 1100°F for reinforcing steel
– 800°F for prestressing steel

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Slab & Wall
• ASCE Manual
– Dry monolithic concrete slabs
• Failure criteria: temperature rise of 250°F at unexposed surface

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Slab & Wall
• ASCE Manual

– Normal weight concrete

– Light weight concrete

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Slab & Wall
• ASCE Manual
– Double layer concrete slabs
• Separated by a continuous air gap of any thickness
• Failure criteria: temperature rise of 250°F at unexposed surface

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Slab & Wall
• ASCE Manual
– Hollow concrete slabs
• A monolithic slab at the locations of the webs
• A double-layer slab at the location of the cavity separated by a continuous air gap
of any thickness

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Slab & Wall
• ASCE Manual
– Composite slabs
• Base slab is of normal weight concrete

• Base slab is of of light weight concrete

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Slab & Wall
• ASCE Manual
– Top layer other than normal/light weight concrete

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• ASCE Manual
– Empirical formulas
• Minimum sectional dimensions
• Minimum concrete cover to vertical steel reinforcement
– Takes into account
• Type of concrete
• Effective length
• Area of the vertical reinforcement

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• ASCE Manual
– Normal weight siliceous aggregate concrete
– The minimum dimension of a rectangular column tmin (in.)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• ASCE Manual
– Normal weight carbonate aggregate concrete
– The minimum dimension of a rectangular column tmin (in.)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• ASCE Manual
– Normal weight siliceous or carbonate aggregate concrete
– The minimum dimension of a rectangular column tmin (in.)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• ASCE Manual
– Light weight aggregate concrete
– The minimum dimension of a rectangular column tmin (in.)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• ASCE Manual
– Parameters for f

– Notes for table

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• ASCE Manual
– Minimum cover requirement to prevent the steel from reaching excessive
temperatures

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• Kodur and Raut Approach

– R is the fire resistance in minutes


– SR is the slenderness ratio of the column
– LR is the load ratio of the column
– Ct is the constant based on aggregate type used in concrete
• Ct = 1.0 for siliceous aggregate
• Ct = 1.1 for carbonate aggregate
– k is the constant
• Cover thickness
• Percentage steel

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


RC Column
• Kodur and Raut Approach

– SR =

– LR =

– K=

• Ce = clear cover (mm)


• S p= percentage of steel in the column

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Temperature Calculation
• Heat transfer is a function of the thermal properties of the
concrete
• Accurate way to calculate temperatures - two dimensional
finite element computer program
• Empirical hand calculation methods are available for simple
members of normal weight concrete
• Derived from computer‐based thermal analysis by
Wickstrom (1986) and Kodur et al. (2013)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Temperature Calculation
• Wickstrom
– Temperature, Tc, at a given point in a fire-exposed concrete member
with unidimensional heat flow and at time t

• Tf is the fire temperature (°C)


• th is the time (hours)
• x is the distance across concrete section in meters
– Two directional heat flow
• A corner of a beam or column

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Temperature Calculation
• Kodur et al.
– Unidimensional heat transfer

– Two directional heat flow

• t - fire exposure time in hours


• z and y - the distance from the point in concrete section to fire exposure surface in
meters
• atn is the temperature values under standard fire exposure

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Temperature Calculation
• Kodur et al.

• Limitations
– Exposed to standard fire only
– Relative larger error for temperatures range 20–300oC
– One side of the member > 200 mm

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Temperature Calculation
• Kodur et al.

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• Eurocode (CEN)
– Simplified calculation method
• 500°C isotherm method
– Applicable to a standard fire exposure and any other time
heat regimes causing similar temperature fields in the fire
exposed member
• Zone method
– More accurate method than the 500°C isotherm method
especially for columns

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– Limitations
• Comprises minimum thicknesses for either standard exposure times or
fire load densities
• For parametric fire curves, minimum opening factor greater than 0.14m1/2

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– Assumptions
• The concrete within the 500◦C isotherm remains unaffected by heat

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– Assumptions
• Compression reinforcement and tension reinforcement with the strain in
the reinforcement εs,fi < 2% (Class N)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– Assumptions
• Tension reinforcement with εs,fi > 2% (Class N)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– Assumptions
• Tension reinforcement with εs,fi > 2% (Class N)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– Assumptions
• Tension reinforcement with εs,fi > 2% (Class N)

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– The depth of the stress block is taken as λx

– The concrete strength is taken as ηfcd

– All concrete in tension is ignored

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
d’

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method
– Temp. induced reduction factor for steel reinforcement

– Temp. effect on effective axis distance

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• 500°C isotherm method

M =M +M
u u1 u2

Due to tension reinforcement Due to compression reinforcement

 λ 
M =A f (θ )h − a(θ ) − x 
 2 
u1 si sd , fi

M =Af
u2 s scd , fi
(θ )[h − a(θ ) − d ] /

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Sectional Capacity Evaluation
• Example
– Determine the load-carrying
capacity history over the complete
range of standard furnace
exposures, and check the duration
the beam can last.

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


• Combination factor for frequent or quasi-permanent values

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.


Thanks

Prof. Dr. Tanvir Manzur P.Eng.

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