- DISADVANTAGES:

LESSON 1: COMMUNICATION PROCESSS In f2f discussion, user is unable to deeply think about
what he is delivering so this can be counted as a fault.
Communication

- process of sharing and conveying messages or WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

information from one person to another within and
across channels, contexts, media, and cultures - Written signs or symbols are used to communicate.
(McCornack, 2014). - Message can be transmitted via email, letter, report,
- wide variety of contexts and situations in which memo etc.
communication can be manifested; it can be a face- - Most common form of communication being used in
toface interaction, a phone conversation, a group business
discussion, a meeting or interview, a letter
correspondence, a class recitation, and many others
- a process
- occurs between two or more people (the speaker and
the receiver).
- can be expressed through written or spoken words,
actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal
actions at the same time.

Elements of Communication

● Speaker – source of information or message.

● Message - information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by
the speaker in words or in actions.
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
● Encoding – process of converting the message into
words, actions, or other forms that the speaker - Sending or receiving of wordless messages like gesture,
understands. body language, posture, tone of voice or facial
expressions.
● Channel – medium or the means, such as personal or
- All about the body language of speaker.
non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the encoded - THREE ELEMENTS:
message is conveyed.
● APPEARANCE
● Decoding – process of interpreting the encoded message
-Speaker- clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of
of the speaker by the receiver.
cosmetics
● Receiver – recipient of the message, or someone who -Surrounding – room size, lighting, decorations,
decodes the message. furnishing.
● Feedback – reactions, responses, or information ● BODY LANGUAGE
provided by the receiver Facial expressions, gestures, postures
● Context – environment where communication takes ● SOUNDS
place.
Voice tone, volume, speech rate
● Barrier – factors that affect the flow of communication
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

❖ PHYSICAL BARRIERS

● NOISE
Any sound that prevents a person from being heard
● TIME & DISTANCE
Receiver has no time to listen
Too much distance between the sender and receiver
● DEFECTS IN THE MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION / VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Bad network, interruptions in telephone
- Form of communication in which message is transmitted ❖ PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
verbally.
- Communication done by word of mouth and a piece of ● EMOTIONS
writing -Play an important role on how we perceive a
- KISS (keep it short and simple). message
- ADVANTAGES: -Same message can be interpreted in a different way
It brings quick feedback. when we r angry or when we r n a calm & composed
In a f2f discussion, user is unable to deeply think about mood.
what he is delivering, so this can be as a fault.
 ● SELECTIVE PERCEPTION ❖ PERSONAL BARRIERS
-perceive only the part of message which is of our
● PERSONAL ATTITUDE
interest based on our past experiences and
background When the person who delivers the message is not
comfortable with the message, he/she can’t deliver
● LAZINESS it properly
-authorities/managers sometimes assume that a
● LACK OF CONFIDENCE IN SUBORDINATES
message has already been spread and hence will not
pass the message formally. If there is no good relationship between managers
and subordinates, subordinates won’t communicate
● LACK OF SELF CONFIDENCE effectively.
When there is distrust due to fear, suspicion,
● MESSAGE OVERLOAD
dishonesty between the sender and receiver of
communication, the sender will lack of confidence in If too many messages are going on in the mind, 1
conveying the message. can’t communicate info. To others.

❖ SEMANTIC/LANGUAGE BARRIERS ❖ CULTURAL BARRIERS

● LACK OF COMMON KNOWLEDGE ● Cultures provide people w/ ways of thinking—ways

-two persons cant communicate properly unless they of seeing, hearing and interpreting the world. Thus
have a common language the same words can mean different things to people
from different cultures, even when they talk the
● VARIANCE IN EXPRESSION OR COLLOQUIALISM IS “same” language.
COMMON EVEN AMONG THOSE WHO SPEAK THE
● Cultural difference is about attitudes and beliefs
SAME LANGUAGE
-expressions were interpreted differently in different that come from our personal environment and
country. experience.

● POOR VOCABULARY ● 2 people could get the same message but interpret
it in two entirely different ways because their
-if a person fumbles or cant use right word at the
cultures and language differ.
right time, his/her message cannot be received
properly. ❖ ETHICAL BARRIERS (BUSINESS ORG.)
● POOR GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATIONS ● MORAL SILENCE
-essential in framing correct sentences without Failing to speak up about issues that are known 2 b
distorting the message wrong.
● USE OF JARGONS ● MORAL DEAFNESS
-avoid technical words and metaphors as far as Failing to hear or attend to moral concerns raised by
possible others
❖ SOCIAL BARRIERS ● MORAL BLINDNESS
● Huge barrier to communication and includes many Failing to recognize the moral implications of actions
factors like conflict, violent and abusive situations, OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS
ability to read and write in a particular language or
style o Take the receiver more seriously
o Think more clearly about the message
● In any convo, it will be almost impossible to converse
o Deliver messages skilfully
with the other person is 1 part of the convo is o Focus on the receiver
violent/abusive.
o Use multiple channels and encoding
● Abusive/violent nature may be bcos they have a o Secure appropriate feedback
troubled past, and as a result they will have low self-
esteem.
❖ ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS LESSON 2: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

● WRONG CHOICE OF MEDIUM ✔ Be specific when offering and receiving information.

Can choose from/oral, written, visual ✔ Oftentimes our meaning gets lost, twisted, or
communication
misunderstood because we haven’t been specific in our
● STATUS RELATIONSHIP communication or we haven’t asked clarifying
Message won’t be reported properly f subordinates questions.
are scared of managers ✔ The conversations demonstrate the value of being
● LENGTHY PROCESS specific in communication
Id hierarchy is too long, any communication (up or
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
downward) will take a long time to reach persons.
 NATURE OF ETHICS
▪ PRINCIPLE 1:
Be aware of your communication with yourself and ★ Greek word “ethos”, meaning character
others. ★ Being ethical means doing what is right to achieve
what is good
▪ PRINCIPLE 2:
★ In communication, what is right refers to the
Effectively use and interpret verbal messages responsibility to include information in your
▪ PRINCIPLE 3: messages that ought to be there.
★ What is good refers to the result of the
Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages
communication.
▪ PRINCIPLE 4: ★ ethical result - to strive for the highest good
Listen and respond thoughtfully to others attainable for all those involved in the
communication.
▪ PRINCIPLE 5:
★ Ethical communication strives for the highest good
Appropriately adapt messages to others for all involved and provides information that is fully
adequate for the circumstances, truthful in every
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
sense, and not deceptive in any way.
1. COMPLETENESS
ETHICS AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF COMMUNICATION
- Essential 2 the quality of the communication process
in general COMMUNICATION:
- Should include everything that the receiver needs to
hear for him or her to respond react or evaluate ➔ relational
properly ➔ brings us face to face with questions that contain
- helps in better decision making by the receiver of the ethical judgments
message to get all information.
WE MUST:
2. CONCISENESS
- Does not mean keeping the message short but making ➔ decide how to behave
it direct or straight to the point ➔ choose how to respond in that situation
- insignificant or redundant information should be
eliminated from the communication Every time we engage ourselves in communication, we make
- highlights the main message as it avoids using basic assumptions about the nature of people and our
excessive and needless words responsibilities to them and then act on the basis of those
3. CONSIDERATION assumptions.
- Consider the relevant information about the receiver,
such as mood, background, race preference, ETHICAL COMMUNICATION
education, status, and needs
➢ To make the best decisions in our communication, to
- build rapport with the audience
communicate ethically, we must give thought to the
- modify your words in message to suit the audience's
needs manner in which we communicate.
4. CONCRETENESS ➢ Formulating a list of rules to be applied in the
- Is supported by facts figures and real life examples and different communication situations in which we find
situations ourselves would be a futile endeavor.
- makes use of words that are clear and that build the ➢ The situations are too vast and too varying. Rather,
reputation we would do better to suggest guidelines for ethical
- receiver is more connected to the message conveyed communication
5. COURTESY ➢ While the answers to those given situations may be
- respect the culture values and beliefs of his or her difficult, we have to make decisions and live by the
receiver consequences.
- create a positive impact on the audience ➢ The decision to communicate and the decisions
- sender of the message should be sincerely polite made within the communication event carry ethical
judicious reflective and enthusiastic implications
6. CLEARNESS
- implies the use of simple and specific words to express ETHICAL COMMUNICATORS ARE:
idea ● respectful of their audiences.
- speaker only focuses on a single objective in his or her ● consider the consequences of their communication.
speech so as not to confuse the audience ● respect truth .
- complete clarity of thoughts and ideas enhances the ● use information properly.
meaning of message ● do not falsify information
7. CORRECTNESS ● respect the rights of others to information.
- implies that there are no grammatical errors in
communication
- increases the credibility and effectiveness of the
message
- makes Use Of appropriate and correct language in the
message

LESSON 3 : COMMUNICATION ETHICS