Zootaxa 4545 (4): 548–562 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/
Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press
Article ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4545.4.6
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBED3255-7335-4AA7-9332-7B3B8272099F

Schismatothelinae spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) from

Colombia: four new species and an approach to their diversity

DAYANA VALENCIA-CUÉLLAR1, CARLOS PERAFÁN2,4,

ROBERTO J. GUERRERO1 & JOSÉ PAULO LEITE GUADANUCCI3
1
Grupo de Investigación en Insectos Neotropicales, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
2
Sección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
3
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Avenida 24A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro-SP,
Brazil. E-mail:[email protected]
4
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The spider subfamily Schismatothelinae from Colombia is revised. One new species of Euthycaelus Simon 1889 and three
new species of Schismatothele Karsch 1879 are named, as well as new geographical records provided. E. guane sp. nov.
from Santander, S. hacaritama sp. nov. from Norte de Santander, S. olsoni sp. nov. from Norte de Santander and Táchira
(Venezuela), and S. weinmanni sp. nov. from Cundinamarca are herein described, diagnosed and illustrated. Schisma-
tothele is newly recorded from Colombia. Morphological aspects and diversity of the Ischnocolinae and Schismatotheli-
nae from Colombia are discussed. An identification key to species of these subfamilies from Colombia is provided.

Key words: Andes, cis-Andean species, Neotropical region, tarantula, taxonomy

Resumen

Se revisa la subfamilia de arañas Schismatothelinae para Colombia. Una nueva especie de Euthycaelus Simon 1889 y tres
nuevas especies de Schismatothele Karsch 1879 son designadas. Asimismo se reportan nuevos registros geográficos. E.
guane sp. nov. de Santander, S. hacaritama sp. nov. de Norte de Santander, S. olsoni sp. nov. de Norte de Santander y
Táchira (Venezuela), y S. weinmanni sp. nov. de Cundinamarca son acá descritas, diagnosticadas e ilustradas. Se registra
por primera vez el género Schismatothele para Colombia. Se analizan algunos aspectos morfológicos y de diversidad de
Ischnocolinae y Schismatothelinae. A su vez, se proporciona una clave de identificación para las especies de estas dos
subfamilias distribuidas en Colombia.

Palabras clave: Andes, especies cis-Andinas, región Neotropical, tarántula, taxonomía

Introduction

Theraphosidae are the most diverse family of Mygalomorphae (World Spider Catalog 2018). They are divided into
13 subfamilies distributed in the Tropical and Subtropical regions. Aviculariinae, ‘Ischnocolinae’, Psalmopoeinae,
Schismatothelinae and Theraphosinae are present in the American continent (Raven 1985; West et al. 2008;
Guadanucci 2014; Lüddecke et al. 2018).
The subfamily ‘Ischnocolinae’ was considered as paraphyletic group by Raven (1985) and then confirmed by
Guadanucci (2014) based on a phylogenetic analysis for theraphosids focused on this group. ‘Ischnocolinae’
spiders sensu latu are among the smallest Theraphosidae ranging from 15 to 50 mm body length. Principally, they
live under rocks, crevices, tree bark and fallen logs (Guadanucci 2014). This subfamily of tarantulas has a wide

548 Accepted by R. Raven: 19 Nov. 2018; published: 21 Jan. 2019

geographical distribution, ranging across North and Central Africa, India, Middle East, Mediterranean Europe,
Central America, Antilles and South America (Smith 1990; Guadanucci 2014).
Guadanucci (2014) proposed the use of the name Ischnocolinae sensu stricto solely for the genera
Acanthopelma F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897, Trichopelma Simon 1888, Reichlingia Rudloff 2001, Ischnocolus
Ausserer 1871, as well as Holothele culebrae (Petrunkevitch 1929) and Holothele longipes (L. Koch 1875).
Additionally, Guadanucci (2014) established the subfamily Schismatothelinae, comprising a monophyletic group
of Neotropical tarantulas which currently includes Euthycaelus Simon 1889, Guyruita Guadanucci et al. 2007,
Neoholothele Guadanucci & Weinmann 2015, Schismatothele Karsch 1879 and Sickius Soares & Camargo 1948,
which were formerly included in ‘Ischnocolinae’.
Spiders of the subfamily Ischnocolinae sensu stricto can be identified by the presence of an intercheliceral
tumescence in males, a maxillary heel and tarsal pseudosegmentation on all legs. Schismatothelinae can be
identified by the presence of thickened and clavate trichobothria on the apical lateral faces of tibiae I–IV and the
labium with the anterior area densely covered with cuspules on a raised area (Guadanucci 2014).
Ischnocolinae sensu stricto are represented in Colombia by only one species, Holothele longipes (L. Koch
1875), whereas Schismatothelinae have been represented by two genera and three species, Euthycaelus amandae
Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014, Euthycaelus norae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014 and Neoholothele
fasciaaurinigra Guadanucci & Weinmann 2015.
A review of material deposited in entomological collections allowed us to discover one new Euthycaelus
species and three new Schismatothele species from Colombia, as well as recording new distributional data for
Euthycaelus amandae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014. This is the first record of Schismatothele from Colombia.
The new species herein are described, diagnosed and illustrated. An approach to diversity and distribution of
Ischnocolinae and Schismatothelinae tarantulas from Colombia as well as an identification key are provided.
Throughout the text, unless otherwise stated, the name Ischnocolinae alone refers to the clade Ischnocolinae
sensu stricto, according to Guadanucci (2014).

Material and methods

Material deposited in the following collections were examined. Abbreviation, institution, city, country and curator
are as follows: ICN-Ar = Arachnological Collection, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia (E. Flórez); DW = Private collection, Stuttgart, Germany (D. Weinmann); MZSP =
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (R. Pinto-da-Rocha); SMF = Senckenberg
Museum Frankfurt, Germany (P. Jaeger). Note: all material obtained from DW is deposited in ICN-Ar, MZSP or
SMF.
All measurements are given in millimeters (mm) and were taken using an ocular micrometer or a vernier
caliper. Leg and palp measurements were taken in dorsal view along the central axis of the left-side limbs. The total
length given does not include the chelicerae or spinnerets. The length and width of carapace, eye tubercle, labium
and sternum are the maximum values obtained. Number and disposition of spines enumerated from the anterior
third to the posterior third, modified from Petrunkevitch (1925). Spermathecae were dissected, cleaned and
photographed in dorsal, ventral and anterior view. Palpal bulbs were removed from the cymbium and photographed
in prolateral, retrolateral, dorsal and ventral view. Photographs were taken with an Amscope UCMOS digital
camera adapted to a stereoscopic microscope with a MU300 lens and a Nikon Coolpix5400 digital camera adapted
to a Zeiss Stemi2000 stereoscopic microscope. Geographic coordinates and altitude data (meters above sea level:
masl) were referenced by GPS, Datum WGS84, or determined using the Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi
Gazetter (http://www.igac.gov.co/digeo/app/index.html). The distribution map was produced using SimpleMappr
(Shorthouse 2010).
Holotypes are deposited in the ICN Arachnological Collection, MZSP and SMF, stored in 70% EthOH.
Abbreviations: ALE= anterior lateral eyes; AME= anterior median eyes; d= dorsal; OQ= ocular quadrangle
(including lateral eyes); p= prolateral; PME= posterior median eyes; PLE= posterior lateral eyes; r= retrolateral;
and v= ventral.

ONE OF THE SCHISMATOTHELINAE Zootaxa 4545 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 549
Taxonomy

Identification key of Ischnocolinae and Schismatothelinae tarantulas from Colombia

1. Males and females with labium trapezoid with ca.100 cuspules or fewer, all tarsi pseudosegmented (cracked) (Guadanucci
2014: Data S2). Males with intercheliceral tumescence (Guadanucci 2014: Data S2). Palpal bulb long, thin, slightly curved,
with subtegulum not extended (Guadanucci et al. 2017: fig. 1B–D). Females with two long seminal receptacles, slightly swol-
len at apical end, usually bearing lobes on inner ventral face (Guadanucci et al. 2017: figs 1F–G, 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ischnocolinae: Holothele longipes
- Males and females with labium subquadrate with many cuspules located on raised area (at least 150), only tarsus IV usually
pseudosegmented (cracked) (Guadanucci 2014: Data S2). Males without intercheliceral tumescence. Palpal bulb thin with sub-
tegulum not extended (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2015: figs 5–6) or piriform with extended subtegulum (Figs 1–4, 9–12, 17–
20, 25–28; Guadanucci 2014: Data S2). Females with two seminal receptacles: long without lobes (Guadanucci & Weinmann
2015: fig. 8); short and subquadrate; or spermathecae composed of a single bulky receptaulum (Figs 32–34; Guadanucci 2014:
Data S2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Schismatothelinae...2
2. Males and females with posterior sternal sigilla close to margin. Palpal bulb with embolus slight sinuous, long and thin, with
slight swelling at apex (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2015: figs 5–6). Palpal tibia normal. Females with abdominal striped pattern
and two long seminal receptacles (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2015: figs 8, 12). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neoholothele fasciaaurinigra
- Males and females with posterior sternal sigilla away from margin. Palpal bulb thick (Figs 1–4, 9–12, 17–20, 25–28; Guada-
nucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 2A–C, 3A–C). Palpal tibia swollen with several spines on distal retrolateral surface (Figs 7, 15,
22–23, 30; Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 2E–F, 3E–F). Females without abdominal striped pattern and with three-
dimensional spermathecae strongly sclerotized (Figs 32–34; Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 2G–H, 3G–H) . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Male palpal bulb elongated with subtegulum separated from tegulum (Figs 1–4; Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 2A–C,
3A–C), palpal tibia with two oblique rows of thick spines (Fig. 7; Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 2E–F, 3E–F) Spermath-
ecae composed of a pair of single receptacles heavily sclerotized (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 2G–H, 3G–H). . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Euthycaelus...4
- Male palpal bulb thick with subtegulum not separated from tegulum (Figs 9–12, 17–20, 25–28), palpal tibia with one row of
thick spines (Figs 15, 22–23, 30). Spermathecae composed of a single bulky receptacle (Figs 32–35) . . . . Schismatothele ... 6
4. Male palpal bulb with distinct elongated and acuminated embolus tip with two ventral small keels and small dorsal translucent
keel (Figs 1–4). Thick spines on retrolateral palpal tibia arranged on two aligned rows, in their proximal area, close to each
other, and the two rows with a proximal gap (Fig.7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. guane sp. nov.
- Male palpal bulb with slender embolus with one dorsal keel (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 2A–C, 3A–C). Spines on
retrolateral palpal tibia arranged on two non-aligned rows, in their proximal area, not closely together (Guadanucci & Wein-
mann 2014: figs 2E–F, 3E–F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Palpal bulb with embolus with bifid aspect and a distal small keel (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 3A–C). Short spines on
retrolateral palpal tibia with outer row with distal gap (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 3E–F). Spermathecae composed of
two protuberant triangular receptacles, far from each other, with two conspicuous longitudinal striae on the dorsal face (Guada-
nucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 3G–H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. amandae
- Palpal bulb with only a small keel on dorsal face (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 2A–C). Long spines on retrolateral face
of the palpal tibia with the rows without an evident gap (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 2E–F). Spermathecae with flat
shape receptacles (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 2G–H). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. norae
6. Male palpal bulb without paraembolic apophysis, embolus with several triangular teeth on ventral face and keels on ventral
and dorsal faces (Figs 9–12). Male tibial spur with a large retrolateral branch, very widened and flattened distally (Fig. 16).
Cymbium with noticeable distal protrusion/bulge on retrolateral lobe (Figs 14–15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. hacaritama sp. nov.
- Male palpal bulb with paraembolic apophysis and embolus without teeth or keels (Figs 9–12, 25–28). Male tibial spur with two
normal branches (Figs 24, 31). Cymbium with a normal distal protrusion/bulge (Figs 22–23, 30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. Palpal bulb with embolus pointing upwards and paraembolic apophysis with rounded tip, without ridges (Figs 9–12). Spines
on retrolateral face of the palpal tibia separated in two groups, one distal row with 7–8 spines, and other row at tibia mid-length
with two spines (Figs 22–23) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. olsoni sp. nov.
- Palpal bulb with the embolus pointing forward and paraembolic apophysis flat and rounded at tip, with small ridges on dorsal
surface, near embolus (Figs 25–28). Spines on retrolateral face of the palpal tibia separated on two groups, one distal row with
3–4 small spines, and two strong spines at mid-length (Fig. 30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. weinmanni sp. nov.

Family Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869

Subfamily Schismatothelinae Guadanucci 2014

Type-genus: Schismatothele Karsch 1879 (Guadanucci 2014)

Composition: Euthycaelus Simon 1889, Guyruita Guadanucci et al. 2007, Neoholothele Guadanucci & Weinmann
2015, Schismatothele Karsch 1879, Sickius Soares & Camargo 1948.

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 Diagnosis: Schismatothelinae can be distinguished the other Neotropical Theraphosidae by the combination of
the following characters: absence of urticating setae, lack of stridulatory organ in the maxillae (lyra), non-dense
scopulae, presence of both thickened and clavate trichobothria located on the apical lateral faces of tibiae I-IV, and
numerous and dense cuspules on the labium located on a raised area.

Euthycaelus Simon 1889

Euthycaelus Simon 1889: 200; Rudloff 1997: 7 (removed from the synonymy with Holothele, contra Raven 1985: 153);
Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: 276.
Type-species. Euthycaelus colonica Simon 1889

Composition. Euthycaelus amandae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014, Euthycaelus colonica Simon 1889,
Euthycaelus norae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014 and Euthycaelus guane Valencia-Cuellar, Perafán &
Guadanucci sp. nov.
Distribution. Colombia and Venezuela.
Species from Colombia. E. amandae, E. guane sp. nov. and E. norae
Diagnosis. Males and females resemble those of the genus Schismatothele but males differ by the palpal bulb
being elongated with subtegulum separated from the tegulum (Figs 2–3) and by the swollen palpal tibia with two
oblique rows of several thick spines on the distal retrolateral surface (Fig. 7) (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014).
Females are unusual in the spermathecae being composed of a pair of heavily sclerotized single receptacles
(Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: figs 1G–H, 2G–H, 3G–H). Males of Euthycaelus can also be recognized by the
cymbium having two asymmetric lobes (Fig. 6), the retrolateral being larger and the prolateral elongated and
laterally flattened; and the spur on tibia I with two branches, the retrolateral branch being slender and long (Fig. 8).
Distribution in Colombia. Euthycaelus has a wide latitudinal distribution in Colombia from the south from
Cerro Azul (Guaviare) to La Donjuana and Bochalema to northeastern (Norte de Santander); it is also found in
Boyacá (Santa María), Meta (Guamal) and Santander (Suaita) Departments. The genus is present in eastern
Colombia, with a cis-Andean distribution on the Eastern Cordillera and its foothills, between 300 and 1700 masl,
mainly inhabiting forests of Andean influence (Fig. 36).

Euthycaelus amandae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014

Euthycaelus amandae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: 280, figs 3A–H.

Type material. COLOMBIA: Holotype male, MZSP 57222, Santa María, Boyacá, 7.VIII.2005, D. Weinmann & L.
Alvarez leg. Paratypes: 1 female, MZSP 57223, same data as holotype; 1 male, SMF, Guamal, Meta,
13.VIII.2005,D. Weinmann leg., examined.
Additional material examined. COLOMBIA: Guaviare, San José de Guaviare, Cerro Azul; 1 male, ICN-Ar
8046, 300 masl, III.2014, E. Florez leg.
Diagnosis. Males of E. amandae differ from those of other species by the uniquely bifid aspect of the palpal
bulb embolus which has a small keel and by the short spines on the retrolateral palpal tibia, arranged in two non-
aligned rows and the outer row with a distal gap. Females differ from those of other species by having
spermathecae composed of two protuberant triangular receptacles, well separated, with two conspicuous
longitudinal striae on the dorsal face (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 3).
Distribution and natural history. E. amandae is known only from Colombia in the Departments of Boyacá
(Santa María), Meta (Guamal) and Guaviare (San José de Guaviare, Cerro Azul; new record), between 300–800
masl (Fig. 36).This tarantula inhabits the eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera at the transition of the Andes
and the eastern savannas and in the transition between the savannas of the Orinoquía and the Amazonian forests.
These territories are characterized by their water wealth, with an annual mean temperature about 26 °C and a
relatively high humidity.

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Euthycaelus guane Valencia-Cuellar, Perafán & Guadanucci sp. nov.
(Figs 1–8)

Type material. COLOMBIA: Holotype male, ICN-Ar 8045, San José de Suaita (forest of the San Cipriano
Foundation), Suaita, Santander, 1700 masl, 1.V.2013, C. Romero and G. Amat leg.
Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition in honor of the indigenous people Guane, who
inhabited the territory where this species is found.
Diagnosis. Males of E. guane sp. nov. differ from those of other species by the shape of the palpal bulb, with a
distinct elongated and acuminated embolus tip (Figs 1–4), two ventral small keels and a small dorsal translucent
keel (Figs 2–3); thick spines on the retrolateral face of the palpal tibia arranged on two aligned rows, close to each
other, with a proximal gap between them (Fig. 7). Females are unknown.
Description. Holotype male (ICN-Ar 8045). Color (in alcohol): carapace and femora dark brown, legs brown,
abdomen light brown; carapace bordered by numerous golden setae, abdomen and legs covered by golden setae.
Total length: 16.6. Chelicerae basal segment: length 2.6. Carapace elongated: length 8.5, width 7.1. Abdomen:
length 7.3. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, sub-rectangular: length 1.1, width 1.7. Anterior eye row
slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.48, ALE 0.43, PME 0.24, PLE
0.34, AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.10, ALE–ALE 1.11, PME–PME 0.77, PME–PLE 0.05, PLE–PLE 1.21,
AME–PME 0.07, ALE–PLE 0.10. Thoracic fovea procurved, narrow, deep: width 1.1. Chelicerae basal segment
with 10 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, and group of 14 small teeth on proximal area of each furrow.
Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with about 200 cuspules, located at anterior inner corner. Labium sub-
rectangular: length 0.6, width 1.5, with about 300 cuspules. Labio-sternal junction narrow in middle with two
lateral mounds. Sternum rounded: length 3.6; width 3.5; with three pairs of oval sigilla heavily sclerotized,
proximal pairs separated by their diameter from edge, distal pair separated by little more than their diameter.
Superior tarsal claws with row of small teeth. Tarsal scopulae: I and II entire, III and IV divided by longitudinal
band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae extent: I and II on distal 3/4, III on distal half, IV on less than half.
Clavate tarsal trichobothria in about two rows, each with ca.14 trichae, interspersed with filiform trichobothria of
different sizes. Tarsus IV slightly cracked.
Palpal bulb with short embolus with distinct elongated and acuminated tip, two ventral small keels and a small
dorsal translucent keel (Figs 1–4). Cymbium with two asymmetric lobes (Fig. 6), retrolateral larger and wider;
prolateral lobe elongated and laterally flattened; retrolateral lobe with proximal retrolateral edge heavily
sclerotized (Fig. 7). Palpal tibia wide, roughly equal for its length, with eight thick retrolateral spines arranged on
two aligned rows, close to each other, with proximal gap between each (Fig. 7). Tibia I spur (Fig. 8): prolatero-
ventral spur with two well-developed branches, not on same mound; retrolateral branch slender, tapering and
slightly curved, almost twice as large as prolateral branch, with internal spine at mid-length; prolateral branch
slender, shorter, with acontiguous spine. Metatarsus I bends touching retrolateral branch of tibial spur.
Legs formula 4123. Palpal and legs segments lengths (femur/ patella/ tibia/ metatarsus/ tarsus/ total): palp: 4.3/
2.6/ 3.5/ –/ 2.1/ 12.5; leg I: 7.6/ 4.1/ 5.9/ 6.1/ 4.1/ 27.8; leg II: 6.7/ 3.8/ 4.9/ 5.3/ 3.6/ 24.3; leg III: 5.9/ 5.3/ 3.8/ 5.6/
3.4/ 24.0; leg IV: 8.1/ 3.5/ 6.7/ 9.2/ 4.0/ 31.5.
Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and pedal tarsi without spines. Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v)
0, (p) 0-0-1, ap2, (r) 8 thick spines. Leg I: femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d1, (r) 0; patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-1,
(r) 0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap3, (p) 0, (r) 0. Leg II: femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d1, (r) 0; patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v)
1-2-ap3, (p) 0-d2-0, (r) 0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-2-ap3, (p) 0, (r) 0. Leg III: femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d1, (r) 0-0-
d2; patella (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-1, (r) 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 2-1-d3, (p) 0-d2,v1-0, (r) 0-d1-d1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-2-
ap1, (p) d1-d1-d1,ap1, (r) 0-d1-d1. Leg IV: femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d1, (r) 0-0-d2; patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 2-2-
ap3, (p)1-2-2, (r) 1-d1,2-d1,1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 1-3-1,ap3 (p) d1-d1-d1 (r) 0-d2-d1.
Distribution and natural history. Known only from its type locality, from forest of the San Cipriano
Foundation, San José de Suaita, Santander, Colombia. This Andean forest is located between 1700 and 2050 masl
on the Eastern Cordillera (Fig. 36), with an mean temperature of 19 °C and an mean annual precipitation about
2400 mm; according to the Holdridge’s classification system it corresponds to a "very humid premontane forest"
(Espinal 1977).

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FIGURES 1–8. Euthycaelus guane sp. nov., holotype male (ICN-Ar 8045). 1–4. Palpal bulb: ventral (1), prolateral (2),
retrolateral (3), dorsal (4) views. 5. Carapace, dorsal view. 6. Cymbium, ventral view. 7. Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. 8. Leg I,
tibial spur, ventro-prolateral view. Black arrows indicate ventral keels; grays arrows dorsal keel. Scales bars = 1mm.

Euthycaelus norae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014

Euthycaelus norae Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: 278, figs 2A–H.

Type material. VENEZUELA: Holotype male, MZSP 28436, La Azulita, Mérida; Paratypes: 1 female, MZSP 28442;
1 male, MZSP, same data as holotype, examined.
Additional material examined. COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Bochalema, 1 male, MZSP 28433; La
Donjuana, 1 female, MZSP 28437.
Diagnosis. Males of E. norae can be distinguished from those of their congeners by the shape of palpal bulb
which has a distinct embolus tip with a small keel on the dorsal face. The retrolateral spines on the palpal tibia are
arranged in two non-aligned rows (in its proximal area) and without an evident gap. Females are recognized by the
flat shape of spermathecae receptacles (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: fig. 2).
Distribution and natural history. Colombia, Norte de Santander: Bochalema and La Donjuana (Fig. 36).
Venezuela: Mérida, La Azulita; Táchira, San Juan de Colón. The species occurs north of the Eastern Cordillera
between the border between Colombia and Venezuela, at an altitude about 1000 masl. This tarantula inhabits
relatively humid environments with an annual mean temperature about 24 °C.

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Schismatothele Karsch 1879

Schismatothele Karsch 1879: 544; Roewer 1942: 207; Bonnet 1958: 3944; Raven 1985: 158; Rudloff 1997: 12 (removed from
the synonymy with Holothele, contra Raven 1985: 158); Panzera, Perdomo & Pérez-Miles 2011: 130; Guadanucci &
Weinmann 2014: 282.
Hemiercus Simon 1903: 929; Roewer 1942: 231; Petrunkevitch 1928: 78; Bonnet 1957: 2155; Raven 1985: 153 (synonymy
with Holothele, rejected by Rudloff 1997: 12).
Type-species. Schismatothele lineata Karsch 1879

Species included. Schismatothele benedettii Panzera, Perdomo & Pérez-Miles 2011, Schismatothele hacaritama
Perafán, Valencia-Cuéllar & Guadanucci sp. nov., Schismatothele inflata (Simon 1889), Schismatothele lineata
Karsch 1879, Schismatothele modesta (Simon 1889), Schismatothele olsoni Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-
Cuéllar sp. nov. and Schismatothele weinmanni Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar sp. nov.
Distribution. Northern Brazil, Colombia (new record) and Venezuela.
Species from Colombia. S. hacaritama sp. nov., S. olsoni sp. nov. and S.weinmanni sp. nov.
Diagnosis. Males of Schismatothele can be recognized by the swollen palpal tibia with several thick spines on
the distal retrolateral surface in one row, arranged in one or two groups (Figs 15, 22–23, 30), and the palpal bulb
with the tegulum rounded at the base and embolus short and broad and bearing a flat paraembolic apophysis (Figs
18–19, 26–27) (except in S. hacaritama sp. nov.; Figs 10–11) (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014). Cymbium with
two asymmetrical lobes (Figs 14–15, 22–23, 30); retrolateral larger and wider with a distal retrolateral protrusion/
bulge; prolateral elongated and laterally flattened. Male tibia I with spur of two branches (Figs 16, 24, 31);
prolateral branch short, retrolateral long and curved. Females can be recognized by the spermathecae bulky and
heavy sclerotized, with dorsal and ventral portions (Figs 32–35) (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014).
Males and females resemble those of Euthycaelus but males differ by the palpal bulb with subtegulum fused to
the tegulum (Figs 9–12, 17–20, 25–28), one row of thick spines on palpal tibia (Figs 15, 22–23, 30 ) and females by
the spermathecal receptacles having both a dorsal and ventral portion (Figs 32–35).
Distribution in Colombia. Schismatothele occurs in eastern Colombia, with a cis-Andean distribution on the
Eastern Cordillera, in Cundinamarca (Cachipay, La Vega, La Mesa, San Francisco Sasaima and Zipacón) and Norte
de Santander (Ocaña and Chinácota) Departments (Fig. 37). Its altitudinal range is narrow, between 1000 and 1600
masl.

Schismatothele hacaritama Perafán, Valencia-Cuéllar & Guadanucci sp. nov.

(Figs 9–16)

Type material. COLOMBIA: Holotype male, ICN-Ar 8057, Ocaña, Norte de Santander, 1200 masl, IV-2013, F.
Sánchez leg.
Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition in honor of the indigenous people Hacaritama, who
inhabited the territory where this species is distributed.
Diagnosis. Males of S. hacaritama sp. nov. differ from those of other species by the shape of palpal bulb
bearing several triangular teeth on the ventral face (Figs 9–11), a ventral distal keel, a pronounced keel on the
distally translucent dorsal edge, and a small dorsal keel (Figs 9–12). Thick spines on the retrolateral palpal tibia are
separated in two groups; the proximal group arranged on a mound in a transverse row (Fig. 15). Cymbium with a
noticeable distal protrusion/bulge on retrolateral lobe (Figs 14–15). Tibial spur on I with retrolateral branch long
and thick, very widened and flattened distally (Fig. 16). Females are unknown.
Description. Holotype male (ICN-Ar 8057). Color (in alcohol): carapace and legs brown, abdomen light
brown; carapace bordered by numerous golden setae, abdomen and legs covered by golden setae. Total length:18.1.
Chelicerae basal segment: length 2.2. Carapace elongated: length 9.8, width 7.5. Abdomen: length: 9.2. Clypeus
absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, sub-rectangular: length 1.2, width 1.7. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior
straight. Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.39, ALE 0.43, PME 0.22, PLE 0.43, AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.07,
ALE–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.77, PME–PLE 0.05, PLE–PLE 1.21, AME–PME 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.05. Thoracic
fovea procurved, deep: width 1.4. Chelicerae basal segment with 11 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin,
and group of 10 small teeth on proximal area of each furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with at

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least 150 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium sub-quadrate: length 0.8, width 1.7; with ca. 300
cuspules. Labiosternal junction narrow medially with two well-developed lateral mounds. Sternum oval: length
4.0, width 3.8; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge. Superior tarsal claws without
teeth. Tarsal scopulae: I entire, II entire with few scattered conical setae on longitudinal midline, III narrowly
divided by longitudinal band of conical setae, IV divided. Metatarsal scopulae extent: I and II almost entire length,
III on distal half, IV on distal 1/4. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with 10 trichae, interspersed with
filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Tarsus IV slightly cracked.
Palpal bulb piriform with long embolus bearing several triangular teeth on ventral face (Figs 9–11), a ventral
distal keel, a pronounced keel on dorsal edge distally translucent, and a small dorsal keel (Figs 9–12). Paraembolic
apophysis absent. Cymbium with two asymmetric lobes, retrolateral larger and wider, prolateral lobe elongated and
laterally flattened; retrolateral lobe with noticeable distal retrolateral protrusion/bulge (Figs 14–15). Palpal tibia
swollen, with seven retrolateral spines separated in two groups, one apical longitudinal row with four spines, and
the other with three spines arranged in transverse row on mound (Fig. 15). Tibial spur on I (Fig. 16): prolatero-
ventral spur with two well-developed branches, on same mound and very close together; retrolateral branch bigger,
slightly curved, long and thick, very widened and flattened distally, distal edge with small subtriangular spine at
distal end and internal subapical spine at proximal end; prolateral branch small, subtriangular, with a spine spine of
similar size. Metatarsus I bends touching distal end of retrolateral branch.

FIGURES 9–16. Schismatothele hacaritama sp. nov., holotype male (ICN-Ar 8057). 9–12. Palpal bulb, ventral (9), prolateral
(10), retrolateral (11), dorsal (12) views. 13. Carapace. 14. Cymbium, ventro-prolateral view. 15. Palpal tibia, retrolateral view.
16. Leg I, tibial spur, ventro-prolateral view. Black arrows indicate ventral distal keel; grays arrows keel on dorsal edge; whites
arrows small dorsal keel. Circles show the retrolateral protrusion/bulge on cymbium. Scale bars = 1mm.

Legs formula 4123. Palpal and legs segments lengths (femur/ patella/ tibia/ metatarsus/ tarsus/ total): palp: 6.2/
3.0/ 4.2/ –/ 2.7/ 16.1; leg I: 8.5/ 5.0/ 5.8/ 5.9/ 4.6/ 29.8; leg II: 7.8/ 4.1/ 5.2/ 5.6/ 4.0/ 26.7; leg III: 6.3/ 3.4/ 3.6/ 5.2/
3.4/ 21.9; leg IV: 8.5/ 4.0/ 6.0/ 8.5/ 4.0/ 31.0.

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 Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d1, (r) 0;
patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-1, (r) 7 megaspines. Leg I: femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d1, (r) 0; patella (d) 0, (v)
0-0-1, (p) 0-1-0, (r) 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 1-1-0, (p) 0-1-0, (r) 1-1-0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap1, (p) 0, (r) 0. Leg II:
femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d2, (r) 0; patella 0-0-1; tibia (d) 0, (v) 1-1-ap3, (p) 0-1-1, (r) 1-1-0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v)
1-0-ap1, (p) 0, (r) 1-0-ap1. Leg III: femur (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-d1, (r) 0-0-d1; patella (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0-0-1, (r) 0;
tibia (d) 0, (v) 1-1-ap3, (p) 0-2-0, (r) 0-1-1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 2-1-ap2, (p) 1-2-ap2, (r) 0-1-1,ap1. Leg IV: femur
(d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0-0-d1; patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 1-2-ap3, (p) 0-0-1, (r) 1-0-1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 1-3-ap1, (p)
1-1-1,ap1, (r) 0-1-1.
Distribution and natural history. Known only from its type locality, on Colombian Eastern Cordillera,
Ocaña, Norte de Santander, over 1200 masl (Fig. 37). These spiders inhabit a relatively humid environment and a
mean temperature of 22 °C.

Schismatothele olsoni Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar sp. nov.

(Figs 17–24)

Type material. COLOMBIA: Holotype male, ICN-AR 8358, Chinácota, Norte de Santander, 1200 masl,
4.X.1998, D. Weinmann leg.VENEZUELA: Paratype male, ICN-Ar8359, from Bramón, Táchira, 1000 masl,
24.IX.2006, D. Weinmann & A. Stirm leg.
Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive in honor of the Scandinavian American Christian
missionary Bruce Olson, for his respect, love and valuable humanitarian work for Colombian indigenous tribe
Motilones, who inhabit the territory where this species is distributed.
Diagnosis. Males of S. olsoni sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of their congeners by the shape of
palpal bulb with the embolus pointing upwards (Figs17–18) and the presence of a paraembolic apophysis with
rounded tip (Figs 17–18) as well as spines on the retrolateral face of palpal tibia arranged on two groups, 7–8
spines disposed in a row at the apical region, 2 short spines at the medial region (Figs 22–23). Female are
unknown.
Description. Holotype Male (ICN-AR 8358). Color (in alcohol): carapace, legs and palps light brown,
abdomen black with five transverse clear stripes. Total length: 15.9. Chelicerae basal segment: length 3.8. Carapace
subquadrate: length 5.9, width 5.5. Abdomen: length 10.7. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, sub-
rectangular: length 1.0, width 1.4. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Eyes and interdistances:
AME 0.4, ALE 0.42, PME 0.3, PLE 0.34, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.1, ALE–ALE 1.0, PME–PME 0.8,
PME–PLE 0.04, PLE–PLE 1.14, AME–PME 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.1. Thoracic fovea straight, narrow, deep: width
0.44. Chelicerae basal segment with nine well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, and group of ca. 20 small
teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with more than 100 cuspules, located
on anterior inner corner. Labium sub-quadrate: length 0.7, width 1.2, with ca. 180 cuspules. Labiosternal junction
narrow in middle with two well-developed lateral mounds. Sternum oval: length 2.9, width 2.8; with three pairs of
oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge. Superior tarsal claws without teeth. Tarsal scopulae: I–II entire
with few scattered conical setae on longitudinal midline, III–IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae.
Metatarsal scopulae extent: I more than half, II almost its entire length, III–IV on less than half. Clavate tarsal
trichobothria in about two rows, each with 10 trichae, interspersed with filiform trichobothria of different sizes.
Tarsus IV cracked.
Palpal bulb with piriform tegulum, short embolus pointing upwards, paraembolic apophysis below embolus
(Figs 17–20). Cymbium with two asymmetric lobes, retrolateral larger and wider, prolateral lobe elongated and
laterally flattened; retrolateral lobe with very small distal retrolateral protrusion/bulge (Figs22–23). Palpal tibia
swollen, with short retrolateral spines separated in two groups, one apical row with 7–8 spines, and the other at the
tibia mid-length with two spines (Figs 22–23). Tibial spur I (Fig. 24): prolatero-ventral spur with two well-
developed branches, on same mound; retrolateral branch slightly curved, slender, with small spine inserted
subapically, prolateral branch longer than contiguous spine. Metatarsus I bends touching retrolateral branch of
tibial spur.
Leg formula 4123. Palpal and leg segments lengths (femur/ patella/ tibia/ metatarsus/ tarsus / total): palp 3.2/
1.8/ 2.8/ –/ 1.7/ 9.5; leg I 5.5/ 2.9/ 4.5/ 4.1/ 3/ 20; leg II 5/ 2.6/ 3.5/ 3.6/ 2.6/ 17.3; leg III 4.5/ 2.3/ 2.8/ 3.8/ 2.4/ 15.8;
leg IV 6.1/ 2.5/ 4.9/ 6/ 2.9/ 22.4.

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 Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur (d) 0-0-p1, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0;
tibia (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 9 megaspines. Leg I: femur (d) 0-0-p1, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0;tibia (d) 0, (v) 0-1-1, (p) 0-0-1,
(r) 0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 1-0-2, (p) 0, (r) 0; Leg II: femur (d) 0-0-p1, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 1-1-ap3, (p)
0-1-1, (r) 0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 1-0-2, (p) 0-1-0, (r) 0; Leg III: femur (d) 0-0-2, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0; patella (d) 0, (v)
0, (p) 1, (r) 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 2-2-ap3, (p) 1-0-1, (r) 1-0-1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap3, (p) 1-1-1, (r) 0-1-1; Leg IV:
femur (d) 0-0-2, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 1-2-ap3, (p) 1-0-1, (r) 1-0-1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 1-2-ap3, (p) 1-
1-1, (r) 0-1-1.
Distribution and natural history. Colombia, Norte de Santander, Chinácota (Fig. 37); and Venezuela,
Táchira, Bramón. S. olsoni sp. nov. is found north of the Eastern Cordillera between the border between Colombia
and Venezuela, at an altitude of about 1100 masl. It inhabits relatively humid environments with an annual mean
temperature about 22°C.

FIGURES 17–24. Schismatothele olsoni sp. nov., holotype male (ICN-AR 8358). 17–20. Palpal bulb, ventral (17), prolateral
(18), retrolateral (19), dorsal (20), views. 21. Carapace. 22–23. Cymbium and palpal tibia, ventro-retrolateral (22), retrolateral
(23) views. 24. Leg I, tibial spur, ventro-prolateral view. Blacks arrows show the embolus pointing upwards; grays arrows
indicate paraembolic apophysis. Circles show the retrolateral protrusion/bulge on cymbium. Scale bars: Figs 17–20 = 0.5 mm;
Figs 21–24 = 1mm.

Schismatothele weinmanni Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar sp. nov.

(Figs 25–35)

Type material. COLOMBIA: Holotype male, ICN-Ar 8360, Cachipay, Cundinamarca, 1600 masl, 13.XI.2001, D.
Weinmann leg. Paratypes: 2 females, ICN-Ar 8361 and MZSP 28410, same data as holotype; 1 male, ICN-Ar
6837, same locality as holotype, 27.II.2010, C. Perafán leg.; 1female, ICN-Ar 8363, same locality as holotype,
09.XI.1999, D. Weinmann leg.; 1 female, ICN-Ar 8362, Quebrada El Zancudo, La Vega, Cundinamarca, 1200
masl, 12.VIII.2004, D. Weinmann leg.; 1 female, SMF, La Mesa, Cundinamarca, 1200 masl, 10.VIII.2004, D.
Weinmann leg.; 1 male, ICN-Ar 8364, La Mesa, Cundinamarca, 1200 masl, 15.IV.2009, D. Weinmann leg.; 1 male,
SMF, Sasaima, Cundinamarca, 1200 masl,19.X.1997, H.R. Casallas leg.; 1 male, ICN-Ar 6967, Vereda la Cabaña,

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Zipacón, Cundinamarca, 1500 masl, VIII.2011, D. Luna & C. Romero leg.; 1 male, MZSP, 16.XI.2001, San
Francisco, Cundinamarca, D. Weinmann leg.
Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive in honor of Dirk Weinmann, for his contribution to
the knowledge of the tarantulas fauna of Colombia.
Diagnosis. Males of S. weinmanni sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of other species by the shape of the
male palpal bulb, which bears a paraembolic apophysis, flat and rounded at the tip (Figs 25, 27), with small ridges
on the dorsal surface, near the embolus and embolus pointing forward (Figs 25–28); spines on the retrolateral face
of palpal tibia arranged on two groups, 3–4 small spines on apical tibia and two strong spines at the mid-length
(Fig. 30). Females differ from those of other species with spermathecae composed of two portions: two dorsal
digitiform receptacles and a ventral heavly sclerotized crest (Figs 32–34).
Description. Holotype male (ICN-Ar 8360). Color (in alcohol): carapace dark brown, legs and sternum brown,
abdomen grey without marks. Total length: 15.8. Chelicerae basal segment: length 2.2. Carapace elongated: length
7.1, width 5.9. Abdomen: length 6.8. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, sub-rectangular: length 1.1,
width 1.5. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.32, ALE 0.42,
PME 0.28, PLE 0.22, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.12, ALE–ALE 0.86, PME–PME 0.72, PME–PLE 0.08,
PLE–PLE 1.1, AME–PME 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.16. Thoracic fovea straight, narrow, deep: width 0.84. Chelicerae
basal segment with 9 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, and a group of ca. 12 small teeth on proximal area
of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with more than 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner
corner. Labium sub-quadrate: length0.7, width 1.4, with about 140 cuspules. Labiosternal junction narrow in
middle with two well-developed lateral mounds. Sternum rounded: length 3.1, width 3.1; with three pairs of oval
sigilla separated by its diameter from the edge. Superior tarsal claws without teeth. Tarsal scopulae: I and II entire
with longitudinal band of conical setae, III and IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal
scopulae extent: I on distal 3/4, II on more than distal half, III on distal half, IV on less than half. Clavate tarsal
trichobothria about in two rows, each with ca. 10 trichae, interspersed with filiform trichobothria of different sizes.
Tarsus IV cracked.
Palpal bulb with elongated tegulum, short embolus pointing forward and paraembolic apophysis flat (Figs 25–
28). Cymbium with two asymmetric lobes, retrolateral larger and wider; prolateral lobe elongated and laterally
flattened; retrolateral lobe with a small distal retrolateral protrusion/bulge (Fig. 30). Palpal tibia swollen, with short
spines separated in two groups, one apical group with 3–4 spines, and other at tibia mid-length with two strong
spines (Fig. 30). Tibial spur I (Fig. 31): prolatero-ventral spur with two branches, on same mound; retrolateral
branch slightly curved, slender, with a small spine inserted subapically, prolateral branch shorter and with
contiguous spine. Metatarsus I bends retrolaterally to tibial spur.
Leg formula 4123. Palpal and legs segments lengths (femur/ patella/ tibia/ metatarsus/ tarsus / total): palp 3.2/
1.8/ 2.8/ –/ 1.8/ 9.6; leg I 5.5/ 3.1/ 3.8/ 3.8/ 2.5/ 18.7; leg II 4.5/ 2.6/ 2.8/ 2.9/ 2.2/ 15; leg III 3.8/ 2.3/ 2/ 2.9/ 1.8/
12.8; leg IV 5.3/ 2.5/ 3.6/ 4.9/ 2.5/ 18.8.
Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (r) 6
megaspines. Legs I: femur (d) 0-p1-p1, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0;patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 0-1-0, (p) 0, (r) 0; metatarsus (d)
0, (v) 0-1-ap1, (p) 0, (r) 0. II: femur (d) 0-0-p1, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0;patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap2, (p) 0, (r)
0;metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap1, (p) 0, (r) 0.III: femur (d) 0-0-r1, (v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0;patella (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 1, (r) 0;
tibia (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap3, (p) 0-2-0, (r) 0-0-1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-2-ap4, (p) 1-1-1, (r) 0-1-1.IV: femur (d) 0-0-r1,
(v) 0, (p) 0, (r) 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap3, (p) 0-1-0, (r) 1-0-1; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-2-ap3, (p) 1-1-1, (r) 0-1-1.20).
Female (ICN-Ar 8361). Color (in alcohol): as in male. Total length: 23.0. Chelicerae basal segment: length 3.9.
Carapace elongated: length 8.2, width 6.4. Abdomen: length 11.6. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated,
sub-rectangular: length 1.1, width 1.6. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Eyes and
interdistances: AME 0.36, ALE 0.5, PME 0.34, PLE 0.32, AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.14, ALE–ALE 0.96,
PME–PME 0.8, PME–PLE 0.06, PLE–PLE 1.28, AME–PME 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.14. Thoracic fovea slightly
procurved, narrow, deep: width 0.98. Chelicerae basal segment with 9–10well-developed teeth on furrow
promargin, and group of ca. 16–20 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent.
Maxillae with more than 100 cuspules, located at anterior inner corner. Labium sub-quadrate: length 1.1, width 1.9,
with about 160 cuspules. Labio-sternal junction narrow in middle with two well-developed lateral mounds.
Sternum rounded: length 3.6, width 3.8; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated its diameter from edge. Superior
tarsal claws without teeth. Tarsal scopulae: I entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; II–IV divided by

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longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae extent: I on distal 3/4, II on more than distal half, III on
distal half, IV on less than half. Clavate tarsal trichobothria about in two rows, each with ca. 10 trichae,
interspersed with filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Tarsus IV not cracked.
Spermathecae composed of two portions, dorsal and ventral (Figs32–35); dorsal portion with two digitiform
receptacles pointing ectally; ventral portion with heavely sclerotized crest higher than two dorsal receptacles.
Leg formula 4123. Palpal and legs segments lengths (femur/ patella/ tibia/ metatarsus/ tarsus / total): palp 3.7/
2.3/ –/ 2.1/ 10.2; leg I 5.3/ 3.3/ 3.4/ 3/ 2.3/ 17.3; leg II 4.5/ 2.7/ 2.6/ 2.5/ 1.9/ 14.2; leg III 3.9/ 2.7/ 2/ 2.7/ 1.9/ 13.2;
leg IV 5/ 3/ 3.3/ 4.4/ 2.3/ 18.
Spination (proximal to distal): tarsi without spines. Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (v) ap3. Leg: I: femur 0;
patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-1-ap1, (p) 0, (r) 0.Leg II: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-
1-ap1, (p) 0, (r) 0.Leg III: femur 0; patella (d) 0, (v) 0, (p) 1, (r) 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) ap2, (p) 0-0-1, (r) 0-0-1;
metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-2-ap3, (p) 1-1-1, (r) 0-1-1.Leg IV: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (d) 0, (v) 0-0-ap2, (p) 0, (r) 0-0-1;
metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 0-3-ap2, (p) 1-1-1, (r) 0-1-1.
Variation. A medial curvature may be present on ventral portion (crest), that varies from moderate to well
marked; this ventral portion does not seem to comprise a receptacle, since there is no openness to the outside.
Morphological variations of the spermathecae female and receptacle of sub-adult female on figure 35.

FIGURES 25–31. Schismatothele weinmanni sp.nov., holotype male (ICN-Ar 8360). 25–28. Palpal bulb, ventral (25),
prolateral (26), retrolateral (27), dorsal (28) views. 29. Carapace. 30. Cymbium and palpal tibia, retrolateral view. 31. Leg I,
tibial spur, ventro-prolateral view. Circle shows the retrolateral protrusion/bulge on cymbium. Scale bars = 1mm.

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FIGURES 32–34. Schismatothele weinmanni sp. nov., paratype female (ICN-Ar 8361). Spermathecae, anterior (32), dorsal
(33), ventral (34) views. Scale bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 35. Schismatothele weinmanni sp. nov., female spermathecae variations. Given them a, b, c. Last box (d) sub-adult
female.

Distribution and natural history. E. weinmanni sp. nov. is known only in the Cundinamarca Department,
Colombia, in the municipalities Cachipay, La Vega, La Mesa, Sasaima and Zipacón (La Cabaña), between 1200 at
1500 masl (Fig. 37). These localities are on the western slope of the Eastern Cordillera, and have relatively humid
environments with an annual mean temperature about 24°C.

Discusion

The four subfamilies of Theraphosidae in the New World are also found in Colombia. Theraphosinae are present
throughout all natural regions of the country (Andean, Caribbean, Pacific, Orinoquía, Amazon and Insular Region),
while Aviculariinae occur mainly in the Amazon Region. Ischnocolinae and Schismatothelinae are mainly Andean
groups, and Psalmopoeus Pocock 1895 is distributed in the Andes and Caribe.
Ischnocolinae is represented in Colombia by only one species, Holothele longipes (L. Koch 1875). This
species inhabits a wide geographic range of northern South America, distributed from sea level in Trinidad and
Tobago, along the Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela and the Atlantic coast of Surinam, to above 2000
masl on the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Also, it is known from Bolivia, Peru, Brazil and Suriname
(Guadanucci et al. 2017).
Colombian Schismatothelinae include three genera —Euthycaelus, Neoholothele and Schismatothele— and
seven species; four new described here, as well as the first record of Schismatothele for the country (with three
species). Simon (1889) described Schismatothele modesta based on a male specimen from "Naricual Valley,
Colombia". However, recently Guadanucci & Weinmann (2014) discussed an error in the original locality and
confirmed the distribution of S. modesta for Venezuela, in Naricual and Isla Margarita.
The Schismatothelinae have a characteristic distribution in Colombia, with a cis-Andean geographical
distribution pattern along the Eastern Cordillera (Figs 36-37), at elevations ranging from 300 to 1700 masl,
inhabiting relatively humid warm environments. They are found in the Departments of Boyacá (E. amandae),
Cundinamarca (S. weinmanni sp. nov.), Guaviare (E. amandae new record), Meta (E. amandae, N.
fasciaaurinigra), Norte de Santander (E. norae, S. hacaritama sp. nov., S. olsoni sp. nov.) and Santander (E. guane
sp. nov.). E. norae and S. olsoni sp. nov. also distributed in Venezuelan Andes.

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 Males of Euthycaelus and Schismatothele have close morphological similarities in the sexual structures
including the palpal tibia. They differ by the proximity of the tegulum with the subtegulum, separated in
Euthycaelus, and by the number and the arrangement of rows of spines on the male palpal tibia, i.e. two rows on
Euthycaelus and one on Schismatothele. Two additional characters were found in Schismatothele: a distal
retrolateral protrusion/bulge on retrolateral lobe of the cymbium and the arrangement of two groups in a row of
spines on the palpal tibia (mid and distal length) in some species.
In addition, the tibial spur on leg I in S. hacaritama sp. nov. (Fig. 15) has a structure similar to that described
as synapomorphic for the Neoholothele:"males with retrolateral branch of male tibial spur with apical end wider
than proximal end (synapomorphy)" (Guadanucci & Weinmann 2015). Therefore, this character no longer
constitutes a synapomophy for Neoholothele, showing that this structure presents great plasticity, and the diagnosis
of said genus should be amended. The set of the other characters evaluated clearly separate S. hacaritama sp. nov.
from Neoholothele.
Colombia is a geographically heterogeneous country which has allowed the evolution and establishment of a
large number of species of animals and plants, making it a megadiverse country (Hernández et al. 1992; Bernal et
al. 2007). Despite this, many groups with high levels of diversity, such as arachnids, have been poorly studied and
its diversity is still unknown (Amat et al. 2007). The description of four new species of Schismatothelinae
tarantulas supports the importance of continuing to explore the country's diverse ecosystems.

FIGURES 36–37. Distribution of Schismatothelinae in Colombia. 36. Euthycaelus. 37. Schismatothele and Neoholothele.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the curators listed above for loan and repository for type material. Thanks to Dirk
Weinmann for providing some specimens. Thanks to the anonymous reviewers and Robert Raven for the
comments and suggestions, and to Lennyker Góngora for the edition and design of the figures. DVC thanks the

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Universidad del Magdalena for the financial support; to the research group of Arachnology and Miriapodology of
the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, especially to Eduardo Flórez, Yeimy Cifuentes and Daniela Martínez for
its valuable assistance during the internship; to the research group on Neotropical Insects of the Universidad del
Magdalena for all support received. CP is grateful to the Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANNI),
Uruguay, by the postgraduate grant POS_NAC_2011_1_3624. RJG is supported by Colciencias-Universidad del
Magdalena through agreement #FP44842-008-2015 (code 1117-658-42796).

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