Calc I

Applied Optimization
1 Assume we have 4 What
a rectangle with area

is the shortest possible diagonal the rectangle could

have
We have Find a formula for the diagonal

Study the extremal values

Recall l Sketch the situation

Label the required variables

s
W
T s diagonal length minimal
l length I rectangle
w width of rectangle

52 12 w
2
s Ftw 2

2 Find the formula and reduce the number

of variables to 1

In our case for mule s Ftw

Usually you look for two variables
do't I co otions
 additional conditions

We have that our rectangle has area 4

A 4 L w

Solve for w w I
Reduce by substitution
stew i
need refer

3 Set up extremal valve problem

s JO DC IR s e fetter
Since O O is not closed and finite
we have to verify that our critical points
lead to extrema

Now you compute the critical points

Always so ix ite z
S se is defined for all l so

Onlycriticalpoints are where

S l O

ze 33 0
2 l I
 14 16
l I 2

Our only critical point is

2,5121 Z T

We expect that this is the global minim m

How can we verify that she assumes its minimum

at e 2

3 Techniques
Look at the limits as l goes to the interval

endpoints
s e to
dim 2 youhave an explosion
Sol
valves at
both endpoints
see to
elf
Thus at l 2 you have the global minimum

Sign graph al s l
dee i inc a
p
i s ee

Global min
 Convexity If Stel is convex everywhere
then l 2 is global minimum
S e 0

Differential Equations

3 Solve the following initial valve problem

5 3 cos x 4x Yat is the antiderivative
of 3 cos x 4x

y101 3
Goat Find the formula for y ex
How can you do this

We know that the general anti derivative is

given by the indefinite integral

Suitably chosen
Y X V3 cos ex y xox constant

3 cos ex ox 4 XOX
3 sin x 4 I x2 C

3 sin X 2 2 C

To find C X O
we plug in
3 y o 3 sin o 2 O2 to
3 C
 2 3
y x 3 Sin x 2

Fundamental Theorem

Recall If F x is an anti derivative d f x then

Ty
MMI y
ex
stiff d s

Q What is an anti derivative d SIF

SIF I F I s 312

Antiderivative s 25 112

2542 Y
1
SIF as s
4 2 I Ci 2 I
4 1 1 2
3 L 1
 Y

ex Fx s
E t
since de

F x et sin x
Hidden Fundamental
Claim Fix is an
theory
anti derivative d sin e x

I since de Fx F x2 4 F 131

F1 2 4
2x
1 2 4
e sin x2 4 ZX

Antiderivatives
Ye
ox
ex
Fax
ox 11
Not a function in one d our
standard categories
Power exponential trig

Technique Sums Constant multiples

Substitution
find the simplest support
of the Werstpart in integral

Thesimplestpart y ex ft ex y
 Solve for dx dx dy
Ya dy 4f dy

4 arcs in ly c

Resubstitute
Ox 4 arcs in Cy c
4 arc since c

Area

ex Compute the area between the x axis and

X3 3
C 0,2 2
IR f X 2x

Integral computes a signed area

Integrate between consecutive interval

endpoints or points where fix o

IX solve for all I fax 0

solutions

X3 3 2 2x X x 2 3 2

X X 1 x 27 0
X O I X 2
 x3 3 2 2 0x 4x4 X x2 o ty
g

2 3 3 2
2 xox tix x x2 ty

Total Area 141 1 t L