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PROBLEMS ON AGES
1. The ratio of the ages of Mona and Sona is 4 : 5. Twelve years after, their
ages will be in the ratio of 5 : 6. What will be Sona’s age after 6 years?
Let their present ages be 4x and 5x. Then, (4x + 12) / (5x + 12) = 5 / 6
On cross multiplication we get 24x + 72 = 25x + 60 implies x = 12
Therefore, Sona’s age = 5x = 5 x 12 = 60
Sona’s age after 6 years = 60 + 6 = 66
2. The ratio of the ages of Meena and Meera is 4 : 3. The sum of their ages
is 28 years. The ratio of their ages after 8 years will be:
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 12 : 11 (c) 7 : 4 (d) 6 : 5
Let Meena’s age = 4x and Meera’s = 3x
Then, 4x + 3x = 28……….x = 4
Therefore, Meena’s age = 16 years and Meera’s age = 12 years
Ratio of their ages after 8 years = (16 + 8) : (12 + 8) = 24 : 20 = 6 : 5
3. The ages of Ram and Mukta are in the ratio of 3 : 5. After 9 years, the
ratio of their ages will become 3 : 4. The present age of Mukta (in years)
is:
(a) 9 (b) 15 (c) 18
(d) 24
Let Ram’s age = 3x and Mukta’s age = 5x
Implies (3x + 9) / (5x + 9) = (3 / 4)
On cross multiplication we get 12x + 36 = 15 x + 27 it becomes 3x = 9 or
x=3
Mukta’s age = 5 x 3 = 15 years
4. A father is twice as old as his son. 20 years ago, the age of the father was
12 times the age of the son. The present age of the father (in years) is
(a) 46 (b) 44 (c) 42
(d) 40
Let son’s age = x, father’s age = 2x.
20 years ago, son was (x – 20) years and father was (2x – 20) years
Hence 12 (x – 20) = (2x – 20)………x = 22
Father’s present age = 22 x 2 = 44 years
5. A man is four times as old as his son. Five years ago, the man was nine
times as old as his son was at that time. What is the present age of the
man?
Let son’s age = x and man’s age = 4x
5 years ago, Son’s age was (x – 5) and man’s age was (4x – 5)
Therefore, 9 (x – 5) = (4x – 5)…..x = 8
Man’s present age = 4x = 4 x 8 = 32 years
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6. The total of the ages of A, B and C at present is 90 years. Ten years ago,
the ratio of their ages was 1 : 2 : 3. What is the age of B at present?
(a) 40 years (b) 30 years (c) 20 years (d)
18 years
Let their ages 10 years ago be x, 2x and 3x years.
When their present ages are added (x + 10 + 2x + 10 + 3x + 10) = 90 &
we get x = 10
B’s present age = (2x + 10) = 30 years
7. The ratio of the father’s age to his son’s age is 7 : 3. The product of their
ages is 756. The ratio of their ages after 6 years will be:
(a) 5 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 2 : 3
Let their ages be 7x and 3x years. Then (7x)(3x) = 756 or
(x)(x) = 756 / 21 = 36 or x = 6
Their present ages are 42 years and 18 years.
Ratio after 6 years = 48 : 24 = 2 : 1
8. The ratio of Meena’s age to the age of her mother is 3 : 8. The difference
of their ages is 35 years. The ratio of their ages after 4 years will be:
(a) 7 : 12 (b) 5 : 12 (c) 4 : 7 (d) 7 : 4
Let their ages be 3x and 8x. Then 8x – 3x = 35 or x = 7
So their present ages are 21 years and 56 years.
Ratio after 4 years = (21 + 4) : (56 + 4) = 25 : 60 = 5 : 12
9. Ratio of Ashok’s age to Sandeep’s age is 4 : 3. Ashok will be 26 years old
after 6 years. How old is Sandeep now?
(a) 10 years (b) 15 years (c) 20 years (d)
25 years
Let Ashok and Sandeep ages be 4x and 3x years. Now 4x + 6 = 26 or x =
5
Age of Sandeep = 3x = 3 x 5 = 15 years
10. The ratio of Vimal’s age and Aruna’s age is 3 : 5 and the sum of
their ages is 80 years. Find the ratio of their ages after 10 years?
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 5
Let their ages be 3x and 5x years. Then 3x + 5x = 80 or 8x = 80 or x = 10.
Ratio of their ages after 10 years = (3x + 10) : (5x + 10) = 40 : 60 = 2 : 3

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CHAIN RULE
1. If 15 toys cost Rs 2340, what do 35 toys cost?
More toys, more cost (direct proportion)
= (35 x 2340)/15 = Rs 5460
2. If 36 men can do a certain piece of work in 25 days, in how many days will
15 men do it?
Less men, more days (indirect proportion)
= (36 x 25)/15 = 60 days
3. If 20 men working together can finish a job in 20 days, then the number
of days taken by 25 men of the same capacity to finish the job is:
(a) 25 (b) 20 (c) 16 (d) 12
More men, less days (indirect proportion)
= (20 x 20)/25 = 16 days
4. If 10 men can reap a field in 8 days, then 8 men will reap the same field
in:
(a) 4 days (b) 5 days (c) 10 days (d) 20 days
Less men, more days (indirect proportion)
= (10 x 8)/8 = 10 days
5. 14 pumps of equal capacity can fill a tank in 6 days. If the tank has to be
filled in 4 days, the number of extra pumps needed is:
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d) 28
Less days, more pumps (indirect proportion)
= (14 x 6)/4 = 21.
Therefore extra pumps needed = 21 – 14 = 7
6. If 20 men can build a wall 56 meters long in 6 days, what length of a
similar wall can be built by 35 men in 3 days?
20 men ……….. 6 days ……………56 meters
35 men ……….. 3 days …………… ?
= (35/20)(3/6)(56) = 49 meters
7. If 15 men working 9 hours a day can reap a field in 16 days, in how many
days will 18 men reap the field, working 8 hours a day?
15 men …………9 hours …………..16 days
18 men ………… 8 hours …………. ?
= (15/18)(9/8)(16) = 15 days
8. If 16 men working 7 hours a day can plough a field in 48 days, in how
many days will 14 men working 12 hours a day plough the same field?
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(a) 46 (b) 35 (c) 32 (d) 30

16 men ……………7 hours ……………48 days

14 men …………… 12 hours …………..?
= (16/14)(7/12)(48) = 32 days
9. If 80 lamps can be lighted 5 hours per day for 10 days for Rs 2125, then
the number of lamps which can be lighted 4 hours daily for 30 days for Rs
7650 is:
(a) 100 (b) 120 (c) 150 (d) 160
5 hours …………..10 days ………….Rs 2125 ……….80 lamps
4 hours ………….. 30 days ………… Rs 7650 ……… ?
= (5/4)(10/30)(7650/2125)(80) = 120 lamps
10. If 12 carpenters, working 6 hours a day can make 460 chairs in 24
days, how many chairs will 18 carpenters make in 36 days, each working
8 hours a day?
(a) 920 (b) 1260 (c) 1320 (d) 1380
12 carpenters ……….. 6 hours ………… 24 days ………. 460 chairs
18 carpenters ……….. 8 hours ………… 36 days ……….. ?
= (18/12)(8/6)(36/24)(460) = 1380 chairs
11. Some persons can do a piece of work in 12 days. Two times the
number of such persons will do half of that work in:
(a) 12 days (b) 6 days (c) 4 days (d) 3 days
x persons ……….. 100 units…………12 days
2x persons………. 50 units ………….?
= (x/2x)((50/100)(12) = 3 days
12. A certain number of men can finish a piece of work in 100 days. If
however, there were 10 men less, it would take 10 days more for the
work to be finished. How many men were there originally?
(a) 75 (b) 82 (c) 100 (d) 110
x men ………………. 100 days
(x – 10) men ……… 110 days
(less men, more days, hence indirect proportion)
Implies 100x = 110(x – 10) …………….110x – 100x = 1100
Implies 10x = 1100 or x = 110 men.
So, originally there were 110 men.
13. A certain number of men could do a piece of work in 60 days. If
there were 8 more men, it could be finished in 10 days less. The number
of men in the beginning were:
(a) 30 (b) 35 (c) 40 (d) 45
Let x men can finish the work in 60 days.

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Then (x + 8) men can finish it in 50 days.
More men, less days (indirect proportion)
60x = 50(x + 8) implies 10x = 400 or x = 40
Therefore, number of men in the beginning = 40.
14. If 300 men can do a piece of work in 16 days, how many men would
do (1/5) of the work in 15 days?
(a) 56 (b) 60 (c) 64 (d) 72
100 units …………16 days …………300 men
20 units …………. 15 days …………. ?
= (20/100)(16/15)(300) = 64 men
15. If 6 men working 8 hours a day earn Rs 8400 per week, then 9 men
working 6 hours a day will earn how much per week?
(a) Rs 8400 (b) Rs 9450 (c) Rs 16200 (d) Rs
16800
6 men ……….8 hours ………Rs 8400
9 men ………. 6 hours …….. ?
= (9/6)(6/8)(8400) = Rs 9450
16. A rope makes 70 rounds of the circumference of a cylinder whose
radius of the base is 14 cm. How many times can it go round a cylinder
with radius 20 cm?
More radius, less rounds (indirect proportion)
14 cm ………..70 rounds
20 cm ……….. ?
= (14 x 70)/20 = 49 rounds
17. If (3/5) of a cistern is filled in 1 minute, how much more time will be
required to fill the rest of it?
(a) 40 sec (b) 36 sec (c) 30 sec (d) 24 sec
Total capacity of the cistern = 5 units (denominator value)
To fill 3 parts, it needs 60 sec of time (1 min)
To fill rest of 2 parts, it takes 40 sec of time.
18. Ten pipes through which water flows at the same rate can fill a tank
in 28 minutes. If three pipes go out of order, how long will the remaining
pipes take to fill the tank?
10 pipes …………..28 min
7 pipes …………….?
= (10 x 28)/7 = 40 minutes
19. A garrison of 500 men had provisions for 27 days. After 3 days, a
reinforcement of 300 men arrived. The remaining food will now last for
how many days?
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17½ (d) 18

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The remaining food is sufficient for 500 men for 24 days.
But, now the number of men = 500 + 300 = 800 men
More men, less days (indirect proportion)
500 men …………..24 days
800 men …………..?
= (500 x 24)/800 = 15 days
20. A contractor undertook to do a certain piece of work in 9 days. He
employed certain number of men, but 6 of them being absent from the
very first day, the rest could finish the work in 15 days. The number of
men originally employed were:
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 18 (d) 24
Let there are x men at the beginning.
Now, less men would take more days.
x men ………………… 9 days
(x – 6) men …………. 15 days
9x = 15(x – 6) (or) 9x = 15x – 90 (or) 6x = 90 (or) x = 15 men
21. A wheel rotates 10 times every minute and moves 20 cm during
each rotation. How many centimeters does the wheel move in 1 hour?
(a) 600 (b) 1200 (c) 2000 (d) 12000
Number of times wheel moves in 1 hour = 10 x 60 = 600
Therefore, distance moved = 600 x 20 = 12000 cm

CHAPTER 3. H.C.F & L.C.M. of NUMBERS

H.C.F. = Highest Common Factor

Definition:
The H.C.F. of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides each
one of them exactly.
How to find H.C.F. of two numbers:
Divide the greater number by the smaller number, we will get remainder.
Divide the previous divisor with this remainder, continue this process till we
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1. Find the H.C.F. of 42 and 70.
Step 1: Divide 70 by 42. Remainder = 28.
Step 2: Divide 42 by 28. Remainder = 14.
Step 3: Divide 28 by 14. Remainder = 0.
Therefore H.C.F. = 14.
2. Find the H.C.F. of 444 and 629.
Step 1: Divide 629 by 444. Remainder = 185.
Step 2: Divide 444 by 185. Remainder = 74.
Step 3: Divide 185 by 74. Remainder = 37
Step 4: Divide 74 by 37. Remainder = 0.
Therefore H.C.F = 37
H.C.F. of more than two numbers:
Find the H.C.F. of any two of the numbers and then find the H.C.F. of this
H.C.F. and the third number and so on. The last H.C.F. will be the required
H.C.F.
3. Find the H.C.F. of 513, 1134 and 1215.
Step 1: Divide 1215 by 1134. Remainder is 81.
Step 2: Divide 1134 by 81. Remainder is zero.
Therefore, H.C.F. of 1215 and 1134 is 81.
Step 3 : Divide 513 by 81. Remainder is 27.
Step 4: Divide 81 by 27. Remainder is zero.
Therefore, the H.C.F. of three given numbers is 27.
4. Find the H.C.F. of 234, 519 and 786.
Step 1 : Divide 519 by 234. Remainder is 51.
Step 2: Divide 234 by 51. Remainder is 30.
Step 3: Divide 51 by 30. Remainder is 21.
Step 4: Divide 30 by 21. Remainder is 9.
Step 5: Divide 21 by 9. Remainder is 3.
Step 6: Divide 9 by 3. Remainder is zero.
Therefore, H.C.F. of 519 and 234 is 3.
Step 6: Divide 786 by 3. Remainder is zero.
Therefore, H.C.F. of three given numbers is 3.
5. The H.C.F. of 210, 385 and 735 is:
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d) 35
35 is the H.C.F
Lowest Common Multiple (L.C.M):
The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given
numbers is called their L.C.M.
6. The L.C.M. of 26, 56, 104 and 182 is:
(a) 546 (b)728 (c) 784 (d) 1274

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L.C.M. of given numbers is 728
7. Find the L.C.M. of 16, 24, 36 and 54?
(a) 108 (b) 216 (c) 432 (d) 864
L.C.M. of given numbers is 432.
H.C.F. & L.C.M. of Fractions:

H.C.F. of a fraction = (H.C.F. of numerators / L.C.M. of denominators)

L.C.M. of a fraction = (L.C.M. of numerators / H.C.F. of denominators)

8. Find the H.C.F. and L.C.M. of (2/3), (8/9), (16/81) and (10/27) ?

H.C.F. of given fractions = (H.C.F. of 2, 8, 16, 10) / (L.C.M. of 3, 9, 81, 27)

= (2/81)

L.C.M. of given fractions = (L.C.M. of 2, 8, 16, 10) / (H.C.F. of 3, 9, 81, 27)

= (80/3)

9. The H.C.F. of (9/10), (12/25), (18/35) and (21/40) is:

(a) (3/5) (b) (252/5) (c) (3/1400) (d) (63/700)
H.C.F. = (H.C.F. of 9, 12, 18, 21) / (L.C.M. of 10, 25, 35, 40) = (3/1400)

10. The L.C.M. of (2/3), (3/5), (4/7), (9/13) is

(a) 36 (b) (1/36) (c) (1/1365) (d) (12/455)
L.C.M. = (L.C.M. of 2, 3, 4, 9) / (H.C.F. of 3, 5, 7, 13) = (36/1) = 36
11. Find the HCF of (54/9), (60/17) and (36/51)
The given fractions are (6/1), (60/17) and (12/17).
HCF = (HCF of 6, 60 and 12) / (LCM of 1, 17, 17) = (6/17) is the answer

12. What is the greatest length which is contained a whole number of

times exactly in both 7½ meters and 4¼ meters?
(a) 25 cm (b) 26 cm (c) 30 cm (d) 80 cm
HCF of (15/2) and (17/4) = (HCF of 15 and 17) / (LCM of 2 and 4)
= (1/4) meters = (1/4) x 100 = 25 cm
13. Four bells commence tolling together, they toll at intervals of 1, 1¼,
1½ and 1¾ seconds respectively, after what interval will they toll
together again?
(a) 1 min 40 sec (b) 1 min 45 sec (c) 2 min 40 sec(d) 2
min 45 sec
LCM of (1/1), (5/4), (3/2) and (7/4)
= LCM of (1, 5, 3, 7) / HCF of (1, 4, 2, 4) = (105 / 1) = 105 seconds
= 60 sec + 45 sec = 1 min 45 sec
RULE:
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HCF of Numbers x LCM of Numbers = Product of Numbers
14. The HCF of two numbers is 11 and their LCM is 693. If one of the
numbers is 77, find the other?
The other number = (11 x 693) / 77 = 99 is the answer
15. The HCF of two numbers is 11 and their LCM is 7700. If one of the
numbers is 275, then the other one is:
(a) 279 (b) 283 (c) 308 (d) 318
Other number = (11 x 7700)/275 = 308
16. Find the largest number that can exactly divide 513, 783 and 1107?
Required number = HCF of 513, 783 and 1107 = 27
17. Find the least number exactly divisible by 12, 15, 20 and 27?
Required number = LCM of 12, 15, 20 and 27 = 540
18. Find the largest number which divides 62, 132 and 237 to leave the
same remainder in each case?
Rule: HCF of (2nd no. – 1st no.), (3rd no. – 2nd no.), (3rd no. – 1st
no.)
= HCF of (132 – 62), (237 – 132), (237 – 62)
= HCF of 70, 105 and 175 = 35 is the answer
19. Find the largest number which divides 25, 73 and 97 to leave the
same remainder in each case?
(a) 24 (b) 23 (c) 21 (d) 6
Required number = HCF of (73 – 25), (97 – 73) and (97 – 25)
= HCF of 48, 24 and 72 = 24

20. Find the greatest number which will divide 187, 233 and 279 leaving
the same remainder in each case?
(a) 30 (b) 36 (c) 46 (d) 56
Required number = HCF of (233 – 187), (279 – 233) and (279 – 187)
= HCF of 46, 46 and 92 = 46
21. Find the greatest number which can divide 284, 698 and 1618
leaving the same remainder 8 in each case?
Required number = HCF of (284 – 8), (698 – 8) & (1618 – 8)
= HCF of 276, 690 and 1610 =46 is the answer
22. The product of two numbers is 1320 and their HCF is 6. The LCM of
the numbers is:
(a) 7920 (b) 1326 (c) 1314 (d) 220
LCM = (Product of numbers) / their HCF = 1320 / 6 = 220
23. The greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly
the lengths
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4 m 95 cm, 9 m and 16 m 65 cm is:
(a) 15 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 35 cm (d) 45 cm
Required length = HCF of 495 cm, 900 cm and 1665 cm = 45 cm
24. The least number which when divided by 18, 27 and 36 leaves the
remainders 5, 14 and 23 respectively is:
(a) 77 (b) 95 (c) 113 (d) 149
Here (18 – 5) = 13, (27 – 14) = 13 and (36 – 23) = 13.
Required number = (LCM of 18, 27, 36) – 13 = 108 – 13 = 95
25. The least number which when divided by 20, 25, 35 and 40 leaves
the remainder 14, 19, 29 and 34 respectively is:
(a) 1664 (b) 1406 (c) 1404 (d) 1394
Here (20 – 14) = 6, (25 – 19) = 6, (35 – 29) = 6 and (40 – 34) = 6.
Required number = (LCM of 20, 25, 35, 40) – 6 = 1400 – 6 = 1394
26. An electronic device makes a beep after every 60 sec. Another
device makes a beep after every 62 sec. They beeped together at 10 a.m.
The time when they will next make a beep together at the earliest is:
(a) 10.30 a.m.(b) 10. 31 a.m. (c) 10.59 a.m. (d) 11 a.m.
LCM of 60 and 62 seconds = 1860 sec = 1860/60 min = 31 min
Therefore, they will beep together at 10.31 a.m.
27. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8,
10 and 12 seconds respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they
toll together?
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 16
LCM of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 is 120.
So, the bells will toll together after every 120 seconds i.e. 2 minutes.
In 30 minutes, they will toll together in (30/2) = 15 times.
28. The traffic lights at three different road crossings change after
every 48 sec, 72 sec and 108 sec respectively. If they all change
simultaneously at 8 : 20 : 00 hours, then they will again change
simultaneously at:
(a) 8 : 27 : 12 hrs (b) 8 : 27 : 24 hrs (c) 8 : 27 : 36 hrs
(d) 8 : 27 : 48 hrs
Interval of change = LCM of 48, 72, 108 sec = 432 sec.
That means the lights will change simultaneously after every 432 seconds
i.e. 7 min 12 sec. That means next simultaneous change will take place at
8 : 27 : 12 hrs
29. A merchant has three kinds of wine – of the first kind 403 gallons, of
the second 527 gallons and of the third 589 gallons. What is the least
number of full casks of equal size in which this can be stored without
mixing?

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(a) 21 (b) 29 (c) 31
(d) 33
HCF of 403, 527 and 589 = 31

PARTNERSHIP
1. Three partners A, B, C invest Rs 36000, Rs 45000 and Rs 54000
respectively in a business. Out of a total profit of Rs 37500, C’s share is:
A : B : C = 36000 : 45000 : 54000 = 4 : 5 : 6
Total shares to divide profit = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15
C’s share = 37500 x (6/15) = Rs 15000
2. Manoj and Vinod started a business by investing Rs 120000 and Rs
135000 respectively. Find the share of each, out of an annual profit of Rs
35700?
Ratio of their shares = 120000 : 135000 = 8 : 9
Manoj share = 35700 x (8/17) = Rs 16800
Vinod share = 35700 x (9/17) = Rs 18900
3. Kavita and Sunita are partners in a business. Kavita invests Rs 35000 for
8 months and Sunita invests Rs 42000 for 10 months. Out of a profit of Rs
31570, find Kavita’s share:
Ratio of their shares = (35000 x 8) : (42000 x 10) = 2 : 3
Kavita’s share = 31570 x (2/5) = Rs 12628
4. Sanjeev started a business by investing Rs 36000. After 3 months, Rajeev
joined him by investing Rs 36000. Out of an annual profit of Rs 37100,
find the share of each?
Ratio of capitals = (36000 x 12) : (36000 x 9) = 4 : 3
Sanjeev share = 37100 x (4/7) = Rs 21200
Rajeev share = 37100 x (3/7) = Rs 15900
5. Jayant opened a shop investing Rs 30000. Madhu joined him 2 months
later, investing Rs 45000. They earned a profit of Rs 54000 after
completing of one year. What will be Madhu’s share of profit?
Jayant : Madhu = (30000 x 12) : (45000 x 10) = 4 : 5
Madhu’s share = 54000 x (5/9) = Rs 30000
6. Nirmal and Kapil started a business investing Rs 90000 and Rs 120000
respectively. After 6 months, Kapil withdrew half of his investment. If
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Nirmal : Kapil = (90000 x 12) : (120000 x 6) + (60000 x 6) = (108) : (72 +
36)
= 108 : 108 = 1 : 1
Kapil’s share = 46000 x (1/2) = Rs 23000
7. Yogesh started a business investing Rs 45000. After 3 months, Pranab
joined with a capital of Rs 60000. After another 6 months, Atul joined
them with a capital of Rs 90000. At the end of the year, they made a
profit of Rs 200000. What would be Atul’s share in it?
Yogesh : Pranab : Atul = (45000 x 12) : (60000 x 9) : (90000 x 3)
= (45 x 12) : (60 x 9) : (90 x 3) = 540 : 540 : 270 = 2 : 2 : 1
Atul’s share = 200000 x (1/5) = Rs 40000
8. Mohinder and Surinder entered into a partnership investing Rs 120000
and Rs 90000 respectively. After 3 months, Sudhir joined them with an
investment of Rs 150000. What is the share of Sudhir in a half-yearly
profit of Rs 95000?
Mohinder : Surinder : Sudhir = (120000 x 6) : (90000 x 6) : (150000 x 3)
= 72 : 54 : 45 = 8 : 6 : 5
Sudhir’s share = 95000 x (5/19) = Rs 25000
9. Manoj received Rs 60000 as his share out of the total profit of Rs 90000
which he and Ramesh earned at the end of one year. If Manoj invested Rs
200000 for 6 months, whereas Ramesh invested his amount for the whole
year, what was the amount invested by Ramesh?
Suppose Ramesh invested Rs x. Then Manoj : Ramesh = (200000 x 6) : (x)
(12)
Or (1200000)/12x = (60000/30000) Or 100000/x = (2/1)
Or x = 100000 x (1/2) = Rs 50000
10. A started a business with Rs 21000 and is joined afterwards by B
with Rs 36000. After how many months did B join, if the profits at the end
of the year are divided equally?
Suppose B joined after x months. Then B’s money was invested for (12 –
x) months.
21000 x 12 = 36000 (12 – x) or 36x = 180 or x = 5
So, B joined after 5 months.
11. Three partners A, B and C start a business. Twice A’s capital is
equal to thrice B’s capital and B’s capital is four times C’s capital. Out of
a total profit of Rs 165000 at the end of the year, B’s share is:
Let C = x. Then B = 4x and 2A = 3(4x) = 12x (Or) A = 6x. Therefore
A : B : C = 6x : 4x : x = 6 : 4 : 1
B’s capital = 165000 x (4/11) = Rs 60000

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PERCENTAGE
Express each of the following as a fraction:
1. 56% = (56/100) = (14/25)
2. 4% = (4/100) = (1/25)
3. 0.6% = (0.6/100) = (6/1000) = (3/500)
4. 0.08% = (0.08/100) = (8/10000) = (1/1250)
Express each of the following as a decimal:
5. 28% = (28/100) = 0.28
6. 6% = (6/100) = 0.06
7. 0.2% = (0.2/100) = 0.002
8. 0.04% = (0.04/100) = 0.0004
Express each of the following as rate percent:
9. (1/8) = (1/8) x 100 = (100/8) = (25/2) = 12½%
10. 0.004 = (0.004 x 100) = 0.4%
11. 6¾ = (27/4) x 100 = 25 x 27 = 675%
12. What percent of 72 is 6?
(6/72) x 100 = (25/3)%
13. What percent of 7 is 84?
(84/7) x 100 = 1200%
14. What percent of 2.4 kg is 8 grams?
2.4 kg = 2400 grams ……(8/2400) x 100 = (1/3)%
15. What percent of 6.5 liters is 130 ml?
6.5 liters = 6500 ml ………(130/6500) x 100 = 2%
16. 5 out of 2250 parts of earth is sulphur. What is the percentage of
sulphur in earth?
(5/2250) x 100 = (2/9)%
17. If 30% of a number is 12.6, then the number is:
(a) 41 (b) 42 (c) 51 (d) 52
Let 30% of x = 12.6
Then, x = (12.6 x 100)/30 = 42
18. 5% of (25% of Rs 1600) is:
(1/20)(1/4)(1600) = Rs 20.
19. 12.5% of 192 = 50% of ?
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(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 48 (d) 96
(1/8)(192) = (1/2)(x) implies x = 24 x 2 = 48
20. What percent of 7.2 kg is 18 grams?
(a) 25% (b) 2.5% (c) 0.25% (d) 0.025%
7.2 kg = 7200 grams
(18/7200) x 100 = (1/4) = 0.25%
21. If 40% of 40% of x = 40, then x = ?
(a) 100 (b) 250 (c) 400 (d) 1000
(2/5)(2/5)(x) = 40 (or) x = (40)(25/4) = 250
22. What will be 160% of a number whose 200% is 140?
(a) 200 (b) 160 (c) 140 (d) 112
200 ………140
160 ……….?
On cross-multiplication, we get (160 x 140)/200 = 112
23. Calculation shows that an angle is 37½0. The size obtained by
drawing and measurement is 360. Find the error percent?
(a) 1½ (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 4¼
Error difference = 37½ – 36 = 1½
0 0 0

Error percentage = (1½) / (37½) x 100 = (3/2)(2/75)(100) = 4%

24. If X is 90% of Y, what percent of X is Y?

(a) 90 (b) 101.1 (c) 111.1 (d) 190
X = (90/100)Y ………(X/Y) = (90/100)
Implies (100/90)(100) = 111.1%
25. It is known that 20% of the mangoes are rotten. If the number of
rotten mangoes is 35, then the total number of mangoes is:
(a) 150 (b) 160 (c) 175 (d) 180
20% of x = 35 implies (1/5)x = 35 implies x = (35)(5) = 175
26. If 70% of students in a school are boys and the number of girls is
504, the number of boys is:
(a) 1680 (b) 1440 (c) 1276 (d) 1176
70% of students are boys means remaining 30% are girls.
30 ………….504
70 ………….? By cross-multiplication we get (70
x504)/30 = 1176 boys
27. A student has to secure 40% marks to pass. He gets 178 marks and
fails by 22 marks. The maximum marks are:
(a) 200 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 800
Pass marks = 40% of x = 178 + 22 = 200
Max. marks are x = (200)(5/2) = 500

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28. In a library, 20% of books are in Hindi, 50% of the remaining are in
English and the remaining 9000 are in various other languages. What is
the total number of books?
Let total books in library = 100x.
Hindi books = 20x Remaining = 100x – 20x = 80x
In this English books are 40x and
books on other languages are 40x = 9000 (given)
(40x) ……………9000
(100x) …………. ? On cross-multiplication we get
Total books = (100x)(9000)/(40x) = 22500
29. Swathi spends 40% of her salary on food, 25% on house rent, 15%
on entertainment and 5% on conveyance. If her saving at the end of a
month is Rs 12000, then what is her monthly salary in rupees?
(a) Rs 40000 (b) Rs 50000 (c) Rs 60000 (d) Rs
80000
Saving = 100 – (40 + 25 + 15 + 5) = 15
15% of x = 12000 (given) x = (12000 x 100)/15 = Rs 80000
30. In an examination, 1100 boys and 900 girls appeared. 50% of the
boys and 40% of the girls passed the examination. The percentage of
candidates failed is:
(a) 44.4 (b) 45 (c) 45.5 (d) 54.5
Boys failed = 50% of 1100 = 550 Girls failed = 60% of 900 = 540
Total failed = 550 + 540 = 1090 (out of total students 1100 + 900 = 2000
in the college)
Failed percentage= (1090/2000) x 100 = 54.5%
31. A school has only three classes which contain 40, 50 and 60
students respectively. The pass percentage of these classes are 10, 20
and 10 respectively. Find the pass percentage of the school?
(a) 13.33 (b) 15 (c) 16.66 (d) 20
Total students in all three classes = 40 + 50 + 60 = 150
Passed students in all three classes = (10% of 40) + (20% of 50) + (10%
of 60)
= 4 + 10 + 6 = 20
Pass percentage = (20/150) x 100 = (40/3) = 13.33%
32. Anil secured 50% marks in Hindi, 60% in English and 70% in
Mathematics as well as Science. What were his total marks if the
maximum marks obtainable in each of these 4 subjects was 50?
(a) 100 (b) 120 (c) 125 (d) 150
If the max. marks are 100 for each subject, then 50 + 60 + 70 + 70 = 250
If the max. marks are 50 then (250/2) = 125

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ANALOGY
‘Analogy’ means ‘Correspondence’. In questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is
given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided.
Therefore, analogy tests are meant to test a candidate’s overall knowledge, power of reasoning
and ability to think concisely and accurately. Below are given some common relationships which
will help you detect most analogies better.

KINDS OF RELATIONSHIPS

Instrument Measurement Quantity Unit

Thermometer Temperature Length Metre
Anemometer Wind speed Mass Kilogram
Barometer Atmospheric Pressure Energy/Work Joule
Balance Mass Time Seconds
Sphygmomanometer Blood Pressure Current Ampere
Hygrometer Humidity Pressure Pascal
Ammeter Current Area Hectare
Screw Gauge Thickness Temperature Degrees
Seismograph Earthquakes Volume Litre

Individual Group Animal Young one

Sailors Crew Horse Pony
Cattle Herd Cat Kitten
Flowers Bouquet Butterfly Caterpillar
Grapes Bunch Lion Cub
Singer Chorus Cow Calf
Sheep Flock Insect Larva
Riders Cavalcade
Bees Swarm
Man Crowd
Artist Troupe
Fish Shoal
Soldiers Army

Male Female Individual Dwelling Place

Horse Mare Dog Kennel
Dog Bitch Bee Apiary
Lion Lioness Horse Stable
Tiger Tigress Lion Den
Sorcerer Sorceress Monk Monastery
Drone Bee Fish Aquarium
Nephew Niece Birds Aviary

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Study Topic Worker Tool
Seismology Earthquakes Soldier Gun
Botany Plants Chef Knife
Zoology Animals Doctor Stethoscope
Pathology Diseases Surgeon Scalpel
Astrology Future
Anthropology Mankind Worker Product
Nephrology Kidney Mason Wall
Haematology Blood Chef Food
Palaeontology Fossils Choreographer Ballet
Pedology Soils Editor Newspaper
Cardiology Heart Producer Film

Worker Working Place Product Raw Material

Chef Kitchen Prism Glass
Farmer Field Metal Ore
Pilot Cockpit Wine Grapes
Beautician Parlour Oil Seed
Artist Theatre Paper Wood Pulp
Scientist Laboratory
Driver Cabin Word Synonym
Painter Gallery Abode Dwelling Place
Worker Factory Ban Prohibition
Gambler Casino Abduct Kidnap
Dearth Scarcity
Word Intensity Sedate Calm
Anger Rage Brim Edge
Wish Desire Solicit Request
Sink Drown Presage Predict
Quarrel War Haughty Proud
Error Blunder Flaw Defect
Famous Renowned Fierce Violent
Unhappy Sad Fallacy Illusion
Refuse Deny Substitute Replace
Crime Sin Assign Allot

Word Antonym Word Antonym

Attack Defend Advance Retreat
Best Worst Fresh Stale
Ignore Notice Condense Expand
Chaos Peace Gradual Abrupt
Robust Weak Gentle Harsh
Cardial Hostile Mourn Rejoice
Lethargy Alertness Kindle Extinguish

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EXERCISE – 1
1. Newspaper : Press :: Cloth : ?
(a) Textile (b) Fibre (c) Factory (d) Mill
2. Cattle : Herd :: Sheep : ?
(a) Flock (b) Swarm (c) Crowd (d) Shoal
3. Forecast : Future :: Regret : ?
(a) Present (b) Punishment (c) Past (d) Sins
4. Breeze : Cyclone :: Drizzle : ?
(a) Earthquake (b) Storm (c) Flood (d)
Downpour
5. Oxygen : Burn :: Carbon dioxide : ?
(a) Isolate (b) Foam (c) Explode (d)
Extinguish
6. Import : Export :: Expenditure : ?
(a) Deficit (b) Revenue (c) Debt (d) Tax
7. Command : Order :: Confusion : ?
(a) Discipline (b) Clarity (c) Chaos (d) Problem
8. Conference : Chairman :: Newspaper : ?
(a) Reporter (b) Distributor (c) Printer (d)
Editor
9. Giant : Dwarf :: Genius : ?
(a) Wicked (b) Gentle (c) Idiot (d) Tiny
10.Man : Biography :: Nation : ?
(a) Leader (b) People (c) Geography (d)
History
11.Reading : Knowledge :: Work : ?
(a) Experience (b) Engagement (c) Employment (d)
Tiredness
12.Enough : Excess :: Sufficiency : ?
(a) Adequacy (b) Surplus (c) Competency (d)
Import
13.Disease : Pathology :: Planet : ?
(a) Astrology (b) Geology (c) Astronomy (d)
Geography
14.Imprison : Jail :: Exile : ?
(a) Country (b) Punishment (c) Banish (d) Depart
15.Cunning : Fox :: Timid : ?
(a) Horse (b) Ant (c) Ass
(d) Rabbit
16.Ocean : Pacific :: Island : ?
(a) Greenland (b) Ireland (c) Netherlands (d)
Borneo
17.Proteins : Growth :: Carbohydrates : ?
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(a) Energy (b) Strength (c) Resistance (d)
Diseases
18.Girl : Beautiful :: Boy : ?
(a) Smart (b) Heroic (c) Courageous (d)
Handsome
19.Penology : Punishment :: Seismology : ?
(a) Law (b) Liver (c) Earthquakes (d) Medicine
20.Sports : Logo :: Nation : ?
(a) Anthem (b) King (c) Animal (d) Emblem

EXERCISE – 2
1. Mountain : Valley :: Genius : ?
(a) Brain (b) Idiot (c) Intelligence (d) Think
2. Doctor : Patient :: Lawyer : ?
(a) Customer (b) Accused (c) Magistrate (d)
Client
3. Prison : Jailor :: Museum : ?
(a) Manager (b) Monitor (c) Curator (d) Warden
4. Chef : Restaurant :: Druggist : ?
(a) Medicine (b) Pharmacy (c) Store (d)
Chemist
5. Mathematics : Numbers :: History : ?
(a) People (b) Events (c) Dates (d) Wars
6. Bag : Luggage :: Ship : ?
(a) Coal (b) Stock (c) Cargo (d) Weight
7. Happiness : Sorrow :: Comfort : ?
(a) Hardship (b) Rest (c) Poverty (d) Difficulty
8. Drummer : Orchestra :: Minister : ?
(a) Voter (b) Constituency (c) Department (d) Cabinet
9. Starvation : Nutrition :: Exhaustion : ?
(a) Energy (b) Bravery (c) Freshness (d)
Courage
10.Author : Book :: Choreographer : ?
(a) Drama (b) Ballet (c) Ball (d)
Opera
11.Face : Expression :: Hand : ?
(a) Waving (b) Handshake (c) Work (d)
Gesture
12.Water : Ocean :: Snow : ?
(a) Peaks (b) Hail (c) Glacier (d) Mountain
13.Waves : Air :: Ripples : ?
(a) Wind (b) Water (c) Storm (d) Smoke
Choose a word from the given alternatives, that belongs to the same group:

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14.Canada : Chile : Germany
(a) Spain (b) Paris (c) Chicago (d) Ottawa
15.Liver : Heart : Kidney
(a) Blood (b) Nose (c) Lung (d) Urine
16.Dozen : Score : Decade
(a) Number (b) Measurement (c) Counting (d) Century
17.Flood : Fire : Cyclone
(a) Damage (b) Earthquake (c) Rain (d) Accident
Choose the most appropriate description about the given three words:
18.Press : Television : Cinema
(a) They are means of entertainment.
(b) They are means of mass media.
(c) They give worldwide news.
(d) All are mass reaching effect.

1 (d)Just as newspaper is prepared in a press, cloth is manufactured in the mill.

2(a) Herd is a group of cattle. Similarly, flock is a collection of sheep.
3(c) Forecast is for future happenings and Regret is for past actions.
4(d) Second is more intense than the first.
5(d) Oxygen helps in burning while carbon dioxide extinguishes fire.
6(b) The words in each pair are antonyms. ‘Expenditure’ opposite is ‘Revenue’
7(c) The words in each pair are synonyms. ‘Chaos’ means ‘in confusion state’
8(d) Chairman is the highest authority in a conference. Similarly, editor is the highest authority
in a newspaper agency.
9(c) The words in each pair are opposites of each other. Opposite of ‘Genius’ is ‘Idiot’ meaning
‘Useless’.
10(d) Second contains the story of the first.
11(a) Second is acquired from the first.
12(b) Sufficiency indicates ‘enough’ and ‘surplus’ indicates ‘excess’.
13(c) Diseases are studied under Pathology. Similarly, planets are studied in Astronomy.
14(c) The words in each pair are synonyms.
15(c) Fox is a cunning animal and ass is a timid animal.
16(a) The largest ocean is Pacific Ocean. Similarly, the largest planet is Greenland.
17(a) Proteins are essential for growth. Similarly, carbohydrates are essential for providing
energy.
18(d) ‘Beautiful’ describes the quality of prettiness in girls while ‘handsome’ describes the
quality of prettiness in boys
19(c) Penology’ is the study of punishment. Similarly, seismology’ is the study of earthquakes.
20(d) Second is a symbol of the first

PRACTICE EXERCISE – 2

1(b) The words in each pair are opposites of each other.

2(d) First works for the second.
3(c) First is managed by the second.
4(b) Second is the working place of the first.
5(b) Mathematics is the theory of numbers and History is the theory of past events.
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6(c) Second is the load carried by the first.
7(a) The words in each pair are opposites of each other.
8(d) First is a member of the second.
9(a) First denotes the lack of second.
10(b) First composes the second.
11(d) Second is a way of expressing an idea with the first.
12(c) Ocean is a moving body of water. Similarly, glacier is a moving body of snow.
13(b) Waves travel in air; ripples travel in water.
14(a) All are countries.
15(c) All are internal organs of human body.
16(d) All are terms used for a definite number of items.
17(b) All are natural calamities.
18(b)

EXERCISE – 3
1. Doctor : Nurse :: ? : Follower
(a) Leader (b) Worker (c) Manager (d) Union
Just as a nurse follows the doctor’s instructions, so also a follower
works as directed by the leader. So, the answer is (a).
2. Clock : Time :: Thermometer : ?
(a) Heat (b) Radiation (c) Energy (d)
Temperature
Thermometer is an instrument to measure temperature.
3. Grain : Stock :: Stick : ?
(a) Heap (b) Bundle (c) Collection (d) String
A stock of grains. Similarly, a bundle of sticks.
4. Genuine : Authentic :: Mirage : ?
(a) Image (b) Transpiration (c) Reflection (d) Illusion
The words in each pair are synonyms. ‘Genuine’ = Authentic
‘Mirage’ = Illusion
5. Illiteracy : Education :: Flood : ?
(a) Rain (b) Bridge (c) Dam (d) River
‘Illiteracy’ can be checked by educating the people. Similarly,
‘floods’ can be checked or controlled by constructing dams.
6. Hill : Mountain :: Stream : ?
(a) River (b) Canal (c) Glacier (d)
Avalanche
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Second is a bigger form of the first.
7. Country : President :: State : ?
(a) Governor (b) Minister (c) Chief Minister (d)
Police Chief
President and Governor are the nominal heads of the country and the
state respectively.
8. Bank : River :: Coast : ?
(a) Flood (b) Waves (c) Sea (d) Beach
Bank is the land beside a river. Similarly, coast is the land beside
a sea.
9. Fire : Ashes :: Explosion : ?
(a) Flame (b) Death (c) Sound (d) Debris
After fire, ashes remains. Similarly, after explosion debris remains.
10. Pesticide : Crop :: Antiseptic : ?
(a) Wound (b) Blood clotting (c) Bandage (d) Prevents
bleeding
Pesticide protects crops from insects and antiseptic protects wound
from germs.
11. Conscience : Wrong :: Police : ?
(a) Thief (b) Law (c) Discipline (d) Crime
Conscience prevents wrong-doing. Police prevents crime activities.
12. Market : Demand :: Farming : ?
(a) Farmer (b) Monsoons (c) Food grain (d) Supply
Market depends on demand, farming depends on monsoons.
13. Sedative : Pain :: Solace : ?
(a) Irritation (b) Kill (c) Grief (d) Hurt
First relieves one from the second. Hence (c) is the answer
14. Ice : Coolness :: Earth : ?
(a) Ocean (b) Forest (c) Weight (d)
Gravitation
Second is the property possessed by the first. Hence (d) is the
answer

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