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Calculate the capacity and plan for growth on Kubernetes

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25 views

Calculate the capacity and plan for growth on Kubernetes

Uploaded by

john doe
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Step-by-Step Guide for Capacity Planning in a Kubernetes Cluster

Step 1: Gather Cluster Resource Information

1. Fetch Node Capacity: Use the following command to get the total
CPU and memory capacity for all nodes:

kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.status.capacity.cpu}{"\


n"}{end}' | awk '{sum += $1} END {print "Total CPU Capacity (cores):",
sum}'

kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.status.capacity.memory}


{"\n"}{end}' | sed 's/Ki//' | awk '{sum += $1} END {print "Total Memory
Capacity (Ki):", sum}'

2. Fetch Current Utilization: Use the following commands to find total


CPU and memory requested by pods:

# CPU Requests

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}


{.spec.containers[*].resources.requests.cpu}{"\n"}{end}' | awk '/m$/ {sum
+= $1} !/m$/ {sum += $1 * 1000} END {print "Total CPU Requests (m):",
sum}'

# Memory Requests

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}


{.spec.containers[*].resources.requests.memory}{"\n"}{end}' | sed 's/Mi//' |
awk '{sum += $1} END {print "Total Memory Requests (Mi):", sum}'

3. System Overhead and DaemonSet Usage: Consider the resources


used by system pods (e.g., kube-proxy, CoreDNS) and DaemonSets:

kubectl top pods --namespace kube-system

Step 2: Calculate Available Resources

1. Subtract Current Requests from Total Capacity:

AVAILABLE_CPU = TOTAL_CPU_CAPACITY - TOTAL_CPU_REQUESTS

Sensitivity: Public
AVAILABLE_MEMORY = TOTAL_MEMORY_CAPACITY -
TOTAL_MEMORY_REQUESTS

2. Apply a Buffer for System Overhead: Reserve about 10–20% of


total resources for unexpected workloads or system usage:

BUFFER_CPU = 0.1 * TOTAL_CPU_CAPACITY

BUFFER_MEMORY = 0.1 * TOTAL_MEMORY_CAPACITY

USABLE_CPU = AVAILABLE_CPU - BUFFER_CPU

USABLE_MEMORY = AVAILABLE_MEMORY - BUFFER_MEMORY

Step 3: Understand Workload Requirements

1. Identify Resource Needs per Pod: Check the resource requests and
limits for the application you plan to deploy:

resources:

requests:

memory: "512Mi"

cpu: "500m"

limits:

memory: "1024Mi"

cpu: "1"

In this case:

o Each pod requests 500m CPU and 512Mi memory.

o Each pod is limited to 1 CPU and 1024Mi memory.

2. Estimate Peak Workload: Estimate the expected peak resource


usage (e.g., 8 cores, 16Gi memory).

Step 4: Calculate the Number of Pods

1. Divide Available Resources by Per-Pod Requirements:

Sensitivity: Public
PODS_CPU = floor(USABLE_CPU / POD_CPU_REQUEST)

PODS_MEMORY = floor(USABLE_MEMORY / POD_MEMORY_REQUEST)

SCALABLE_PODS = min(PODS_CPU, PODS_MEMORY)

Example:

o USABLE_CPU = 8000m (8 cores)

o USABLE_MEMORY = 16384Mi (16Gi)

o Each pod requires 500m CPU and 512Mi memory.

Calculation:

o PODS_CPU = 8000 / 500 = 16

o PODS_MEMORY = 16384 / 512 = 32

o SCALABLE_PODS = min(16, 32) = 16

Therefore, you can scale to 16 pods based on current cluster capacity.

Step 5: Adjust for Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA)

1. Enable Autoscaling: Define an HPA to dynamically adjust pod


replicas based on CPU or memory usage:

kubectl autoscale deployment <deployment-name> --cpu-percent=70 --


min=2 --max=20

2. Monitor Metrics: Use kubectl top or integrate with monitoring tools


like Prometheus/Grafana to observe utilization trends.

Step 6: Plan for Scaling the Cluster

1. Evaluate Scaling Needs: If the workload requires more resources


than available, plan to:

o Add more nodes to the cluster.

o Increase node sizes (e.g., switch to larger VMs).

Sensitivity: Public
2. Monitor Node Utilization: Use:

kubectl top nodes

This provides real-time CPU and memory usage per node.

Step 7: Document Capacity Plan

Include the following in your capacity planning documentation:

1. Current cluster capacity and utilization.

2. Buffer allocation (e.g., 10–20% reserved).

3. Estimated workload resource requirements.

4. Scalable pod count based on calculations.

5. Scaling strategy (HPA, node autoscaling, etc.).

6. Monitoring and alerting setup.

Step 8: Test and Validate

1. Deploy your application with the calculated number of pods.

2. Simulate high workloads (e.g., stress tests) to validate the capacity


plan.

3. Adjust scaling parameters as needed.

Sensitivity: Public

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