‫سواالت امتحانی‬

1) What is Phonetics?

Phonetics is defined as the branch of linguistics that studies the production

and classification of human sounds.
The general study of the characteristics of speech sounds is called
phonetics. (‫)یکی از تعاریف کافیست‬

2) What different aspects of languages are in articulatory phonetics, acoustic

phonetics, and auditory phonetics?

_ Articulatory phonetics: investigates how sounds are produced or

articulated.
_ Acoustic phonetics: investigates sound waves in the air.
_Auditory phonetics (perceptual phonetics): investigates how listeners
perceive sounds.

3) Explain voiced and voiceless sounds?

Voiced: when the vocal cords are drawn together, the air from the lungs
repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration. We
call these sounds voiced. (Sounds that produce without voice cord vibration)
Voiceless: when vocal cords are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes
between the unimpeded, the sounds which are produced on this way are called
voiceless. (Sounds that produce with voice cord vibration)
4) What is IPA?
IPA stands for (International Phonetic Alphabet) ‫یعنی الفبای آوانگاری بین‬
‫المللی‬
1. Is an academic standard.
2. Is created by the International Phonetic Association.
3. Is a system for representing phonetic sounds with symbols.
4. Helps us to pronounce a word correctly.
5. Includes all languages spoken on earth.

5) What is different parts of the tongue?

1. Tip, 2. Blade, 3. Front, 4. Back, 5. Root, 6. Sub-apex

6) Identify voiced & voiceless, place of articulation, manner of articulation for

the initial sounds in the normal pronunciation of the following words.

Voiced & voiceless, place of articulation, manner of articulation ‫مثال‬

‫ شدیدا امتحانی‬.‫های هرکدام مطالعه شود‬.
‫ مثال های جزوه نیز امتحانی هستند و کلماتی سوای از کلمات زیر‬,‫عالوه بر مثال های پایین‬
)‫ خوب مثال هارو بخونیددد‬,‫ ( خالصه‬.‫نیز در امتحان می آید‬

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Voiceless
 Cat voiceless, velar, stop
Sun voiceless, fricative, alveolar
Mouth voiced, bilabial, nasal stop
Goal voiced, velar, stops
Fan voiceless, labiodental, fricative

7) Which English words are usually pronounced as they are transcribed here:

ðə: the læŋgwɪʤ : language

hu: who cəmpjutər : computer
ənʤɔɪ: enjoy ʧip : cheap
ɪŋɡlɪʃ: English feɪməs: famous
ɪz: is fənetɪks : phonetics
hi: he baɪk : bike
tʊk: took

8) Identify the place of articulation of the initial sounds in the following words:
Foot: labiodental Thing: dental
Mouth: bilabial Way: bilabial
Knee: Alveolar Chin: palatal
Know: glottal Hand: glottal
Shoulder: palatal
Stomach: alveolar

••Think: /θɪŋk/, ‫ این سه دسته جزو امتحان نیست‬Major phonetic, Systematic, Trip
thong.
9) Explain diphthongs with examples.
A combination of two single vowel sounds or one vowel and glide sound in
one syllable.
Bright (aɪ), Day (eI), Show (oʊ)

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10) Explain the characteristics of schwa (ə) sound.
Schwa sound is an unstressed sound or neutral vowel. It’s a short sound.

Tongue position center

Lips position neutral
Jaw position mid

Examples: about / əbout/ , computer / kəmpʝutəɾ/ , again: / əgen/ American

/ əgeIn/ British

11) Identify the position of lips, tongue, and jaw for producing the following
vowel sounds.

Lips: spread lips: rounded

lips: neutral

i tongue: front u tongue: back ə

tongue: center
jaw: closed jaw: closed jaw:
mid

• Place of articulation ‫بخاطر تمرین ها جای صداها رو بدونید‬

• Manner of articulation ‫ ولی َم ِنر صداهارو بدانید‬،‫تعریف نمیخواد‬

12) The difference between tense & lax vowels:

Tense Lax

Are produced with Are produced with more

tension of speech relaxed speed muscle
muscles. movement.
Longer Shorter

/i/ /u/ /e/ /o/ /a/ /ʌ/ /I/ /ʊ/ /ɔ/ /ə/ /ɛ/

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13) Write the symbols for the long vowels in the following words :

Seat i Root u

Team i Smooth u

Blue u Leave i

Sleeve i Sleep i

You u Seat i

14) Write the symbols for the diphthongs in the following words:

Why ( ɑɪ ) buy ( ɑɪ ) eye ( ɑɪ ) I ( ɑɪ ) boy ( ɔɪ ) noise ( ɔɪ )

coil ( ɔɪ ) eight ( eɪ ) late ( eɪ ) say ( eɪ ) great ( eɪ )

15) Write the Phonetic Transcription of these sentences:

1. Please open the window

pliz oʊpn ðə wɪndoʊ.

2. All the students study that subject very carefully

(ɑl / ol) ðə studnts stʌdi ðət sʌbd͡ ʒekt veri kerfli.

3. They help each other

ðeɪ help ɪt͡ ʃ ʌðər

4. That book is mine

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 ðœt bʊk ɪz mɑɪn

5. Music is my only love

miuzɪk ɪz mɑɪ oʊnli lʌv

6. The book was written by this famous writer

ðə bʊk wəz rɪtn baɪ ðɪz feɪməs rɑɪtər

7. The poetry is very beautiful

ðə poʊtri ɪz veri biutəfl

8. English Literature refers the study of texts from language around the world, written in
English.

ɪŋglɪʃ lɪtərət͡ ʃər refɜrz ðə stʌdi av teksts frəm læŋgwɪʤ ɑroʊnd ðə wɜrld, rɪtn ɪn ɪŋglɪʃ.
9. The weather has improved

ðə weðər həz ɪmpruvd

10. We are the students of English Literature.

wi ər ðə studnts av ɪŋglɪʃ lɪtərət͡ ʃər

11. She was happy

ʃɪ wəz hœpi

• ‫ کلمه می آید و‬،‫جمله هایی که در کالس کارشده در امتحان هست (ولی در امتحان بجای جمله‬
‫شما باید برای آن کلمه ها‬
‫ کلمه ها از داخل جمالتی که در کالس کار کردیم انتخاب میشوند‬.)‫بنویسید‬. Phonetic
Transcription
‫همچنین مثال هایی که در جزوه آمده را هم مطالعه کنید‬.

16) How would you make a retroflex sound? What is its another name?
A retroflex sound: produced with the tip of the tongue curled back toward the hard
palate. , sub-apical.
Examples: father, mother

17) How bilabial, labiodental, alveolar, dental and palatal sounds are produced?

-Bilabials: Made with both lips (Both of the lips touch each other). [p], [b], [m], [w]

-Labiodental (lip and teeth): Using upper teeth and lower.

[f], [v] (Inter)

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-Alveolar or (behind teeth): are produced by raising the tip of tongue towards the alveolar
ridge behind the upper front teeth. (The tongue touches alveolar ridge).

[d], [s], [t], [z], [n], [l], [r] ‫دست زن لر‬

-Dentals or (between teeth): are produced by touching the upper front teeth with the tip of
Tongue (Tip of the tongue touches upper teeth).

-Palatal: Tip of the tongue touches hard palate.

[ʃ], [tʃ], [Ӡ], [dӠ], [j]
‫ژ چ‬ ‫شی ج‬

[j] is palatal or (laminal)

• Bilabials & Labiodentals = labial

• Dental & alveolar = Apical

• Velars: [x] (Persian ‫(خ‬, [k], [g], [ŋ] ‫ گ‬+‫ ک و یا ترکیب ن‬+ ‫ترکیب ن‬
Is produced by raising the back of tongue towards the soft palate (which is the soft part of
the roof of mouth that lies behind the hard palate).