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ZOOL-206L (1)

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21 views2 pages

ZOOL-206L (1)

Uploaded by

Talhazeb Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Zool-206L Cr.

4(3+1) Course Objectives:

ANIMAL FORM AND FUNCTION- I (A Comparative Perspective)


The Objectives of the courses are:
1. To teach about animals’ diversity adapted in different strategies’ for performance of their similar
functions through modifications in body parts in past and present times.
2. To impart understanding of diverse strategic structural adaptations in each of the functions of
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous and sensory, endocrine, circulatory and respiratory
systems for effective survival in their specific conditions.
3. To understand the organ systems, their specialization and coordination with each other and
constantly changing internal and external environment, inside and outside the animal’s body.
4. To embrace the phenomena in basic structure of each system that determines its particular
function.
Course Learning Outcomes:
1. Acquire the concept that for the performance of a function for example exchange of respiratory
gases the different forms are adapted in the environments e.g. gills in aquatic and lungs in
terrestrial environment.
2. Understand that diverse forms adapted to perform the same functions are because of the different
past and present conditions.
3. Solve of emergence of diversity of forms for the performance of similar function.
4. Analyze the requirements of diverse forms for the performance of similar function in their past
and present needs.
5. Evaluate the adaptations in forms for its efficiency in managing the function in differing
situations in the past and present times.
6. Demonstrate that a form is successfully adapted to perform a function adequately and
successfully.
Course Outline:
1. Protection, Support, and Movement:
 Protection: the integumentary system of invertebrates and vertebrates;
 Movement and support: the skeletal system of invertebrates and vertebrates;
 Movement: non-muscular movement; an introduction to animal muscles; the muscular system
of invertebrates and vertebrates
2. Communication I:
 Nerves: Neurons: structure and function.
3. Communication II:
 Senses: Sensory reception: baroreceptors,chemoreceptors, georeceptors, hygroreceptors,
phonoreceptors, photoreceptors, proprioceptors, tactile receptors, and thermoreceptors of
invertebrates
 Lateral line system and electrical sensing, lateral-line system and mechanoreception, hearing and
equilibrium in air and water, skin sensors of mechanical stimuli, sonar, smell, taste and vision in
vertebrates.
4. Communication III:
 The Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers: Chemical messengers: hormones chemistry;
and their feedback systems; mechanisms of hormone action
 Hormones with principal function each of Porifera, Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes, Nemerteans,
Nematodes, Molluscs, Annelids, Arthropods, and Echinoderms invertebrates; an overview of the
vertebrate endocrine system; endocrine systems of vertebrates, endocrine systems of birds and
mammals
5. Circulation and Immunity:
 Internal transport and circulatory systems in invertebrates

1
 Characteristics of invertebrate coelomic fluid, hemolymph, and blood cells 
 transport systems in vertebrates; characteristics of vertebrate blood, blood cells and vessels; the
hearts and circulatory systems of bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals; the
human heart: blood pressure and the lymphatic system; immunity: nonspecific defenses, the
immune response
Practicals:
1. Study of insect chitin, fish scale, amphibian skin, reptilian scales,feathers and mammalian skin.
2. Study and notes of skeleton of Labeo (Labeo rohita), Frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus), Varanus
(Varanus bengalensis), fowl(Gallus gallus domesticus) andrabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
Note: Exercises of notes on the adaptations of skeletons to their function must be done.
3. Earthworm or leech; cockroach, freshwater mussel, Channa or Catla catla or Labeo or any other
local fish, frog, pigeon and rat or mouse and rabbits dissections as per availability.
4. Study of heart, principal arteries and veins in a representative vertebrate (dissection of
representative fish/mammals).
Teaching-Learning Strategies
Teaching will be a combination of class lectures, class discussions, and group work. Short
videos/films will be shown on occasion.
Assignments
The sessional work will be a combination of written assignments, class quizzes, presentation,
and class participation/attendance.
Assessments and Examination
Sessional Work: 25 marks
Midterm Exam: 35 marks
Final Exam: 40 marks
Books Recommended:
1. Pechenik, J.A. 2013. Biology of Invertebrates, 4th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
2. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S., Larson, A. 2004. Integrated Principlesof Zoology, 11th Ed.
(International), Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
3. Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.B. 2002. Zoology, 5th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
4. Campbell, N.A. 2002. Biology, 6th Ed. Menlo Park, California:Benjamin/Cummings Publishing
5. Kent, G.C., Miller, S. 2001. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. NewYork: McGraw-Hill.
6. Hickman, C.P., Kats, H.L. 2000. Laboratory Studies in IntegratedPrinciples of Zoology.
Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

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