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Inheritance UNIT 2 CHATGPT

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5 views

Inheritance UNIT 2 CHATGPT

Uploaded by

kaminiganesan13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inheritance

Inheritance is a mechanism where one class acquires the properties and behaviors of another
class, promoting code reuse and hierarchy.

Basic Concepts:

 Parent Class (Super Class): The class whose properties and methods are inherited.
 Child Class (Sub Class): The class that inherits properties and methods.

Types of Inheritance:

1. Single Inheritance: A subclass inherits from a single superclass.


2. Multilevel Inheritance: A class inherits from another subclass, forming a chain.
3. Hierarchical Inheritance: Multiple classes inherit from a single superclass.
4. Hybrid Inheritance: A combination of different types of inheritance (not directly
supported in Java due to ambiguity; can be achieved using interfaces).
5. Multiple Inheritance: Achieved in Java through interfaces, as a class cannot inherit from
multiple classes.

Member Access Rules:

 Public: Accessible from anywhere.


 Protected: Accessible within the same package and by subclasses.
 Default (Package-private): Accessible only within the same package.
 Private: Accessible only within the same class.

Keywords: this and super:

 this: Refers to the current instance of the class.


o Example: this.field = value;
 super: Refers to the immediate parent class.
o Example: super.method();

Polymorphism

Polymorphism allows methods to perform different tasks based on the object that calls them.

Method Overloading:

 Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists in the same
class.
 Example:
java
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void display(int a);
void display(String b);

Method Overriding:

 Redefining a method in the subclass that already exists in the parent class.
 Example:

java
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@Override
void display() { ... }

Abstract Classes:

 Classes that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods (without
implementation).
 Example:

java
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abstract class Shape {
abstract void draw();
}

Dynamic Method Dispatch:

 The process by which a call to an overridden method is resolved at runtime.


 Example:

java
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Shape s = new Circle();
s.draw(); // Executes Circle's draw method

final Keyword:

 Used to prevent inheritance, method overriding, or reassigning variables.


o Final Class: Cannot be subclassed.
o Final Method: Cannot be overridden.
o Final Variable: Its value cannot be changed once assigned.

Packages

A package is a namespace that organizes classes and interfaces.


Definition:

 A way to group related classes and interfaces.

Access Protection:

 Classes in the same package can access each other's members (except private
members).

Importing Packages:

 import packageName.ClassName;
 import packageName.*; (imports all classes in a package)

Interfaces

Interfaces define methods that must be implemented by a class.

Definition:

 A blueprint for a class; only abstract methods and static/final variables.

Implementation:

 A class implements an interface using the implements keyword.

Extending Interfaces:

 An interface can extend another interface.

Exception Handling

Handles runtime errors to maintain normal program flow.

Keywords:

1. try: Block where exceptions may occur.


2. catch: Block to handle the exception.
3. throw: Used to explicitly throw an exception.
4. throws: Declares exceptions a method might throw.
5. finally: Block that executes regardless of exceptions.
Built-in Exceptions:

 ArithmeticException
 NullPointerException
 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

Creating Custom Exceptions:

 Extend the Exception class to create user-defined exceptions.


 Example:

java
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class MyException extends Exception {
public MyException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}

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