PES Institute of Technology and Management

NH -206, Guddada Arakere, SHIVAMOGGA-577204

Department of Chemistry
Main Title : Novel materials for lithium ion batteries Year: 2024-25
Group: E4 Sub Title : Graphene Sem: I

Introduction Characterization Hence graphene is used in LI –ion batteries

>Lio –ion batteries applications
Consumer Electronics
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two- •Electric Cars: Li-ion batteries are the primary power source for electric
dimensional honeycomb lattice. It is the basic building block of other vehicles, providing the energy needed for driving long distances with
carbon materials like graphite, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes. relatively quick charging times.
Graphene is often referred to as a wonder material due to its •Smartphones: Li-ion batteries are the standard power source for
remarkable properties and wide range of potential applications. It is smartphones due to their high energy density, which allows for long
the thinnest material known to man (just one atom thick) but is usage times without adding significant weight.
incredibly strong and versatile. •Laptops and Tablets: Li-ion batteries provide portable, long-lasting
power for laptops, tablets, and other portable computing devices.
 Commonly used in batteries, super capacitors, and sensors •Smartwatches: Wearable devices like smartwatches rely on Li-ion
 They offer good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity batteries for lightweight, long-lasting, and compact energy storage.
•Cameras: Digital cameras and camcorders, particularly high-
performance models, often use Li-ion batteries for reliable and long-
lasting power.

 Graphene is used sensors

 It is also used as drug delievering agent

a. Raman Spectroscopy Graphene layers and the structural quality

can be studied by Raman spectroscopy
b.Graphene has high resolution
c. SEM is used to study the morphology of graphene
d. X-Ray Diffraction technique is mainly used to identify the phase of
the material based on cell dimension units
> Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is the most used
technique in the study of graphene’s structural quality and the
number of layers.
> UV–visible spectroscopy can be used to characterize the layers and
types of graphene (graphene oxide and pristine graphene
Conclusions
Its unique characteristics, such as exceptional electrical and

Materials and Methods Properties in relevant topic field thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, and remarkable
flexibility, make it a revolutionary material in various fields of
science and technology. From enhancing electronic devices and
Synthesis of graphene by CVD (chemical vapour deposition ) (Materials) developing flexible displays to advancing renewable energy and
method: biomedical applications, graphene's potential is vast. Its
1. High Electrical Conductivity lightweight yet strong structure opens opportunities for
•Faster Electron Movement: Graphene’s exceptional innovations in aerospace, construction, and material science.
conductivity allows electrons to flow easily between the Despite these promising features, challenges such as scalable
anode and cathode. This improves the charge and discharge production, cost-effectiveness, and integration into existing
Enhanced Anodes
rates of the battery, technologies remain areas of active research.
•Improved Conductivity: Graphene can be used to enhance the conductivity of the anode in Li-
Flexibility
ion batteries. By incorporating graphene into the anode materials (such as silicon-based anodes),
the overall conductivity is
: Graphene of flexible, meaningallowing
the anode increases, it canforbefaster
used to create
electron flow, which improves Graphene is a revolutionary material known for its exceptional
the charge and discharge
flexible rates of the
or bendable battery. Hence
batteries. Thisis opens
iots usedup
in LIpossibilities
–ion batteries for
strength, electrical conductivity, thermal properties, and optical
batteries in wearable electronics transparency. It holds significant potential across various
Flexibility industries, including electronics, energy storage, sensors, and
•Flexible Batteries: Graphene is flexible, meaning it can be advanced materials. However, challenges remain in terms of
) used to create flexible or bendable batteries. This opens up scalable, cost-effective production and integration into existing
possibilities for batteries in wearable electronics technologies. Despite these hurdles, ongoing research
Thermal Conductivity continues to drive progress, suggesting that graphene could
•Extremely High: Graphene has very high thermal play a transformative role in fields like electronics, energy, and
conductivity—around 5000 W/m·K for a single layer at manufacturing in the near future.
room temperature.
Lightweight but Incredibly Strong
•Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Graphene is extremely
lightweight (just one atom thick), yet it has an exceptionally
high strength-to-weight ratio.

Graphene CVD Synthesis Steps:

1.Substrate preparation: Choose and clean the metal substrate
(e.g., copper). References
2.Gas introduction: Introduce carbon-containing gas (e.g., methane)
and carrier gases (hydrogen, argon).
3.Heating the substrate: Heat the substrate to high temperatures These are the five consice references on graphene
(800°C-1100°C).
4.Carbon precursor decomposition: Decompose methane to release a. Zhang,Cheng, investigation on physicochemical and
carbon atoms. electrochemical properties of graphene(2020)
5.Graphene nucleation and growth: Carbon atoms form graphene
nuclei and grow into layers.
Applications (Materials) b, Wallance.P.R, The Band theory of Graphite(1947)
6.Cooling and stabilization: Cool down the substrate after graphene These are the some applications for graphene
growth. Electronics:Graphene is used in next-generation transistors, c. D.Larcher, J.M.Tarascon, Towards sustainable batteries
7.Transfer (if needed): Transfer the graphene to a desired substrate offering faster electronic devices with lower power consumption for electrical storage(2015)
if needed. +
8.Characterization: Characterize the graphene for quality (Raman, •Graphene is used in Li –ion Batteries : Graphene can be used to d. M Yankowitz, J Xue, and Brian J. LeRoy ,Graphene
SEM, AFM). enhance the conductivity of the anode in Li-ion batteries. By on Hexagonal Boron Nitride(2014)
9.Post-treatment (optional): Apply annealing or doping to enhance incorporating graphene into the anode materials (such as silicon-based
properties. anodes), the overall conductivity of the anode increases, allowing for e. S. Pei and H.M. Cheng The Reduction of Graphene
faster electron flow, which improves the charge and discharge rates of Oxide (2012)
the battery.

Student names : Jeevan .S , Inchara N .S , Gopal K Deshpande, Karthik .T .A , Mohammed Faraz Raza