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3 views

chandhu.fs

Cf

Uploaded by

chandramoulireddy56
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SIGNS OF TRACED FORGERY IN OFFLINE SIGNATURES

Abstract: The term ‘tracing’ is applied to one of the more commonly used
methods of producing a ‘false’ signature.forgery may defined as the creation of
any false document or alteration of a genuine one with the intent to defraud.
Forgery is also commited by offering issuing or transferring such a writing in an
attempt to defraud .traced forgery is prepared by drawing the outline of a
signature by the process of forgery. Forgery is a white- collar crime that
generally refrers to the fasle making or alteration of a legal.Any fraudlent
signature which was executed by actually following the outline of a signature
with a writing instrument. In today scenario signatures has great importance as
every individual signs his or her name once daily or several times in a
day.Forgery simpliy means altering any sinatures with intent to defraud which
could be extraxted by numerous methods.one of the method which is discussed
in this case is traced forgery which means reproducing the exact copy of
genuine signature.traced forgery is executed by carbon paper,indented tracing,
tracing paper, transmitted lightor scanned image. keywords :Handwritten
sinatures,off-line signature recognization and verification.

INTRODUCTION:

Handwritten signature is being used on regular basis, because of its


frequent use it is always questioned. As many a time people tries to
imitate the signature of an individual for their personal benefit or for
harming an individual or an organization. Therefore there is need for
verifying the signature to know who actually signed the document. But
before understanding how to verify that the particular signature is
genuine or not, first the concept of signature must be clear. Signature is
generally defined as a name or a mark that a person puts on a document
to authorize that the document has been crosschecked by him/her
(Mathyer, 1961). The signature is classified into Formal signature,
Informal Signature and Careless scribbled signature which the writer
execute as per need or requirement (Saferstein, 1982). But currently the
signatures are frequently the subject of forgery (Jackson and Jackson,
2011). Forgery means to dishonestly making, altering, or writing one’s
signature, which is usually tried by offenders in most of circumstances
with the intention of making money from the acquitted parties (Lerner
and Lerner, 2006). There are number of forger who prepare the forged
documents either by trickery or by using different method of forgery
such as tracing, simulation, transplanting, and computer generated
document. The most commonly used method is tracing, a mechanical act
in which forger imitates exact copy of the genuine signature. For tracing
a signature the forger must have a model signature to copy and if the
forger successfully execute the tracing then the forged signature will
show exact mathematical measurement, which can be verified by using
superimposition technique (Misra et al.). In current scenario, according
to the forensic document experts, a traced forgery is the crudest forgery.

Types of forgery

1. Freehand, simulated or copied forgery

2. Traced forgery

3. Forgery by memory

4. Forgery without model or forgery by impersonation

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