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Dcp and Spt4

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5 views

Dcp and Spt4

Uploaded by

Giner George
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STAGES INVOLVED IN SITE INVESTIGATION

1. DESK STUDY

This is essentially the collection of a wide variety of information relating to the site. eg: maps, drawings,
local authority information; geological maps, memoirs, records; details of utilities.

2. SITE RECONNAISSANCE
An early examination of the site by appropriate experts is most desirable eg. Geologist, land surveyor, soils
engineer, hydrologist etc. Information should be collected on the overall site layout, topography, basic
geology; details of access, entry and height restrictions. Local conditions should be examined, such as
climate, stream flows, groundwater conditions, site utilization related to weather and time of year. Where
possible photographic records should be kept.

3. SITE EXPLORATION & SAMPLING


Investigation of detailed geology and sub-surface soil conditions using surface surveys, trial pits, headings,
boreholes, sounding, geophysical methods, as appropriate; survey of groundwater conditions over a
signification period of time (Maybe even after completion of works); examination of existing and adjacent
structures or cavities, buried pipes, services, etc.; provision of samples for further examination and
laboratory testing.
4. FIELD TEST / INSITU TEST
Test carried out on the site either prior to or during the construction process; ground test such as shear-vane,
standard penetration, cone penetration, plate bearing, pressure meter; structure loading test, such as test on
piles, proof loading; displacement observation.

5. LABORATORY TESTING
Tests on disturbed and undisturbed samples submitted from the site team; test on soils (as specified)
for classification, quality, permeability, shear strength, compressibility, etc.; test on rock cores and samples
for strength and durability; test on constructional materials, such as California Bearing Ratio; test
on groundwater, chemical and petro graphic analyses.

6. REPORT WRITING

Details of geological study, including structures, stratigraphy and mapping; results of borings, etc.,
including log, references for samples and stratigraphy interpretations as requested; comments
and recommendations relating to the design and construction of the proposed works; recommendations
relating to further investigating or testing, and to ongoing or post-completion monitoring.
DYNAMIC CONE PENETRATION (DCP)
The dynamic cone penetration test is a test carried out to find the resistance value of the cone against the
soil that helps us to determine different mechanical properties of soil such as strength, bearing capacity,
and so on.
Why is the dynamic cone penetration test needed?
i. To determine the strength, bearing capacity, location and thickness of sub-layers of the soil.
ii. To monitor the condition of granular layers and subgrade soils in the pavement section over time.
iii. To determine the right solutions for the sites of the customer especially when soft soils are
involved.
Principle
The basic principle of this test is to measure the resistance offered by the soil layers to the cone used for
conducting the test.
Apparatus required for DCP test
A cone (50 mm without bentonite slurry)
Driving rods
Driving head Hoisting equipment
A hammer (made up of mild steel or cast-iron with a base plate of mild steel weighing 640N i.e. 65kg).
Procedure
1. The initial reading on the dynamic cone penetrometer is recorded.
2. Then, the dynamic cone penetrometer is kept with the cone resting vertically on the ground where the
test is to be carried out.
3. Now, the cone is driven into the soil by the freefall of hammer of 750 mm each time.
4. Then the number of blow of every 10mm penetration is recorded.
5. This process is repeated until when the cone does not reach the required depth.
Observation Table

Advantages of Dynamic Cone Penetration Test


This test does not need a borehole.
This test can be performed quickly so that it covers a large area making it economical.
Disadvantages
This test cannot be performed on cohesive soils or very loose cohesionless soil.
It is not possible to determine the mechanical properties of soil by this test if the soil is at a great depth
and friction along the extension rod is significant.
Factors affecting DCP test
There is a various factor which affects this test such as:
Alignment of DCP rods
Damaged cone tip
Depth of testing
The apex angle of the cone
Hammer weight Freefall height of hammer
Moisture content
Material composition
Intensity of compaction

Standard Penetration Test (SPT)


Is a simple and low-cost testing procedure widely used in geotechnical investigation to determine
the relative density and angle of shearing resistance of cohesionless soils and also the strength of
stiff cohesive soils.
For this test, a borehole has to be drilled to the desired sampling depth. The split-spoon sampler
that is attached to the drill rod is placed at the testing point. A hammer of 63.5 kg (140 lbs) is
dropped repeatedly from a height of 76 cm (30 inches) driving the sampler into the ground until
reaching a depth of 15 cm (6 inches). The number of the required blows is recorded. This
procedure is repeated two more times until a total penetration of 45 cm (18 inches) is achieved.
The number of blows required to penetrate the first 15 cm is called “seating drive” and the total
number of blows required to penetrate the remaining 30 cm depth is known as the “standard
penetration resistance”, or otherwise, the “N-value”. If the N-value exceeds 50 then the test is
discontinued and is called a “refusal”. The interpreted results, with several corrections, are used
to estimate the geotechnical engineering properties of the soil.

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