1200 Nis applied

Ex. 3.2 : If a horizontal force of horizontally

on a block weighting 1000 N, find whether block will
equilibrium or slide down or move up. Also find actual friction
Given : He = 0.3, uk =0.25 (MUMay 2018 -4 Marks)
1000 N

1200 N

30°

Important Note :
1. If plane is making angie 0 with horizontal, reaction
normal to plane will make angle with vertical.
2. In this chapter, if
dimensions of body are not given, force
system on the body is treated as "Concurrent Force
System". If dimensions of body or object are given, force
system on the body is General Force System".
3
Whenever body is kept on inclined plane, reference axis
X taken along the plane and reference y-axis is taken
normal to the plane for applying eguilibrium conditions
2F,=0 and EF, =0.
Solution : Let us draw F.B.D. of the block as shown.
1200
sin
3o

F (Fricion)

1200N
3o 1 0 0c
0o3
s 0

100
s0É3n0
30
120
c 0o3s0

1000N
 XFy = 0 gives
N = 1200 sin 30 + 1000 cos 30
NË = 1466 N

A +ve EF, (active forces) 25

= +1200 cos 30 1000 sin 30
800 N
= +539.23 = 539.23 N()
Since EF, (active torces) is up the plane, block cannot go down Solution : Case - (i): Let us draw the F.B.D. of the block to
and friction will act down the plane as shown. keep it moving up i.e. block is in motion up the plane.

Fmax =Maximum friction =.N

0.3 x 1466 =439.8 N
Since EF (active forces) > As.NË, block will move up. Psin 25
Hence, actual friction = .N =0.25 x 1466 = 366.5 N Ans.

Ex. 3.3: A block of weight 800 N is acted upon by a

=0.25 N, 6
P
cos 225
horizontal
force P as shown in figure. If the coefficient of friction between /N25
the block and incline are, u, = 0.35 and uy 0.25, 800 cos 25
determine the 800 N
value of P for impending motion up the plane.
(MU Dec. 2015 -4 EF, = 0 gives
Marks)
NË = P sin 25 + 800 cos 25 ... (1)
EF, = m.a (Newton's Law)
Assume that block moves up at constant velocity, so that
acceleration, a = 0. Please note that without this assumption,
problem can not be solved.
125
SF, = 0
P cos 25 = 0.25 N + 800 sin 25
Solution: ... (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2),
P sin
25 NË = 999.18 N
and P= 648.66 N Ans.
Case - (ii) : Let us draw F.B.D, of block to
635N, prevent it from
sliding.
Pcos251 0 N 8 0cos
0 25 Note : To hold the block or to prevent the
Os i n
25
block from sliding or
falling down means block is on the verge of sliding or falling
down.

EFy = 0 gives
N = P sin 25 + 800 cos 25 ...() Psin 25
EF, = 0 gives
P cos 25 = 0.35 NI + 800 sin 25 (2 H.N, =0.35 N, A
Solving cquations (1) and (2), h P8c0os sin 25
NË = l054.86 N 25
800 cos 25
and P 780.42 N Ans.
800 N

SFy 0 gives
tX. 3.4 : A support block is acted upon by two forces as shown.
NË = P sin 25 + S00 cos 25
Anowing that the coefficient of friction between the block and ...(1)
EF, = 0 gives
hcline are u, =0.35, u 0.25, determine the force P equired;
P cos 25 +0.35 N = 800 sin 25
) to keep it moving up. (ü) to prevent it from sliding. ... (2)
 Solving equations (1) and (2). Solution: Case - (i) : Impending Motion up the Plane :
N = 758.85 N
and P= 80N Ans. 0.1N5,

I10c
0o0
3 s0

Ex. 3.5:A paint box weighing 9 kg is kept on a wooden block 100

s0i3n

weighing 1.2 kg (refer figurc). Determine the magnitude and

direction of friction force cxerted by the roof surface on wooden 1000N
block and normal force cxerted by thc roof on the wooden block.
(MU May 2015- 4 Marks) EF, = 0 gives
NË = 1000 cos 30

Paint EF, 0
P = 0.1S N + 1000 sin 30
Wooden 629.9 N Ans
block Case -(ii) : Impending Motion Down the Plane:
12 P

Roof surface o4N5 ,

Solution: tan 6 = 8=18.43° 1 0 0c

0o3
s0

100s0in
30

1000N

10 .06 sin 0 2Fy = 0 gives

100.06 cos 0 10.2 x 9.81

= 100.06 N
NË = 1000 cos 30

EF, = 0 gives
P+0.15 NË = l000 sin 30
P= 370.1 N Ans.
F.B.D. of Paint box and Wooden block as one unit :
LF, = 0 gives
N 100.06 cos =94.92 N
Ex. 3.7 :A force of 200 N is required to drive a body up an
EF, 0 along plane gives inclincd plane of angle 15°, the force being parallel to the plan
F = 100,06 sin 9 If the angle of inclination of the plane is 20°, the force requied
= 3163 N Ans.
gain parallel to the plane is found to be 230 N. find the weigh
of the body and the coefficient of the friction.
Ex. 3.6 :A block of weight 1000 N is kept on a (MU May 2021 - 10 Marks)
rough inclined
surface. Find out range of P for which the block will
be in F=
200N

cquilibrium. (MU May 2013 -4 Marks)

R

C
4 L=0.15

A15°
Solution:Case -()
rope are parallel to the inclined plane. AsSsume frictionless
(MUDec. 2010 -8 Marks)
F=
200N
pulley.

uR

w sin
15

cos
15 A30
W

W
Solution : Duc to force 'P', block-A will tend to move down and
block-B will tend to move up. Due to frictionless pulley, tension
EF, = 0 gives in the string on two sides of pulley will be same.
R= Wcos 15 Let us draw F.B.D. of two blocks as shown. We need to apply
EF, = 0 gives equilibrium conditions on F.B.D. of block-B first as it has less
uR + W sin 15 =200 number of unknowns.
u(W cos 15) + W sin 15 = 200
W(u cos 1S + sin 15) = 200 ...(1)
Case - (i) :
F=
2 3N
0 c o3
s 0

|39.c
24os
39.2s4i3
n 0

J30
W sin
20

4x 9.31 =39.24 N
c o2
s 0
2
c o s

W £F, = 0 gives
Q20 +
N = 39.24 cos 30
EF, = 0 gives
ZFy = 0 gives T = 0.3 NË + 39.24 sin 30
R= W cos 20 = 0.3 x (39.24 cos 30) + 39.24 sin 30
EF, = 0 gives T= 29.815 N
uR + W sin 20 = 230
W
cos 20 + W sin 20 = 230
0 .N
3 ,
W(u cos 20 + sin 20) =230 . (2)
Dividing cquation (1) by equation (2), 7 8 . 4
c 8
o 3
s 0

HcOs 15 + sin 15 200 =0.87 8 si3n0

cos 20 +sin 20 230
78.4
s8in

Hcos 15+ sin 15 = 0.87 (4 cos 20 + sin 20)

(cos 15-0.87 cos 20) = (0.87 sin 20 - sin I5)
0.87 sin 20- sin lb0.261 Ans. 8x9.81 78.48N
cos 15-0.87 cos 20

From equation (1 ), EF, = 0 gives

200 15)=391l.45N Ans. N 78.48 cos 30
(0.261 cos 15 +sin SF, = 0 gives
P+78,48 sin 30 =T+0.3 N
motion to impend.
Ex. 3.8: Determine the force P to cause P+78.48 sin 30 = 29.815 + 0.3 x (78.48 cos 30)
kg and 4 kg respectively
Take masses of blocks A and B as 8 P = 10.964 N Ans.
The force P" and
and the coefficient of sliding friction as 0.3.
 N and 750 N Ex. 3.10 : Two inclined planes AC and BC inclined at
Ex. 3.9: Two blocks A and B of weight 500
respectively are connected by a cord that passes over
a 30° to the horizontal meet at a ridge C. A 100 N hloct 60° and
frictionless pulley as shown in figure -u between the block A and the inclined plane BC and is tied to a rope which passes
inclined plane is 0,4 and u between the block B and inclined smooth pulley at the ridge, the other end of the rope bei
plane is 0.3. Determine the force P to be applied to block B to connected to a block of W Newton resting the plane AC
produce the impending motion of block B down the plane. Determine the least and greatest value of W for the eauilib.
(MUDec. 2009 - 10 Marks, DJS Dec. 2019-7 Marks) of the whole system. (VJTI May 2017 -7 Marksi

30 W (N),
=0.3 100 N

Solution: Due to impending motion of block-B down the plane, AA60 207
impending motion of block-A will be up the plane. Tension in
the cord on two sides of frictionless pulley will be same. Solution : W will be greatest or maximum when Block - (
Let us draw F.B.D. of two blocks as shown.
We will start tends to go down and Block - (2) tends to go up. W will be leat
solving F.B.D. of block-A first due to less number of unknowns. or minimum when Block - (1) tends to go up and Block -
tends to go down.
04N,
Let us draw F.B.D. of two blocks for W(max) and W(min, case
Case - (i) W(max):

5 0s
0 i5
n0

5 0c
0 o5
s0

50°
0.3 N,
N, 430
EF, = 0 gives
500N

100 cos 30 100 sin 30

NË = 500 cos 50 100 N
EF, = 0 gives
T = 0.4 NË + 500 sin 50 SF, = 0 gives
T = 0.4 (500 cos 50) + 500 sin 50 NË = 100 cos 30
T S11.6 N EF, 0 gives
T 0.3 N + 100 sin 30

0.3 N, 0.3 (100 cos 30) ++ 100 sin 30

= 75,98 N

750 sin 30
50 cos 303
750 N A w c o6s0

W sin
b
SFy = 0 gives
N 750 cos 30
EF, = 0
P+ 750 sin 30 =T+0.3 N
p+ 750 sin 30 = 511.6 +0.3 x (750 cos 30) SF, = 0 gives
N2 = W cos 60
P= 331.43 N
Ans.
ZFx = 0
 T+0.2 N2 = Wsin 60 Solution : Assume the pulley to be frictionless. Let us draw
75.98 + 0.2 x W cos 60 W sin 60 F.B.D. of two blocks as shown.
W = W(max) = 99.19 N Ans.
Case - (ii) W(min):
02
N,

9s
0 i5
n5

0.3N, 9ON
90
cos
co
5 s5

100 cos 30 30 100 sin 30

EF, = 0 gives
100 N
NË = 90 cos 55
2Fx = 0 gives
EFy = 0 gives
T = 0.2N + 90 sin 55
NË = l00 cos 30
T = 0.2 (90 cos 55) + 90 sin 55
EF, = 0 gives
T = 84.05 N
T+0.3 N = 100 sin 30
T+0.3 (100 cos 30) = 100 sin 30 P sin 0
T = 24.02 N
60 N
>P cos 0

0.2 N, N2
K02N2
w s i6
n0
W o o6s0
EF, = 0 gives
N2 + P sin 0 = 60
N2 = (60-P sin 0)

2Fx = 0 gives
EF, = 0 gives P cos 0 = 0.2 N2+T =0.2 (60- P sin 9) + 84.05
N2 W cos 60 P cos = 96.0$-0.2 P sin
P (0.2 sin 9 + cos 0) = 96.05
EF, = 0 gives 96.0$
T = 0.2 NT + W sin 60 P= 02 sin 9 + cos ) ... (1)
24.02 = 0,2 (W cos 60) + W sin 60 cos 0) should be
For P to be minimum, (0.2 sin 0
W = W(min) = 24.86 N Ans.
maximum.
d
i.e A 0.2 sin + cos 9) = (0
Ex. 3.11 : Two blocks A and B weighing 90 N and 60 N
respectively placed on an inclined plane are connected by the 0.2 cos 0- sin =0
string which is parallel to plane as shown in figure. Find the Sin o 0 2 tan 9 = 0.2 >0= |1.31o Ans.
inclination of the minimum force P for the motion to impend in Cos

the direction of "P'. Take u = 0.2 for all surfaces of contact. From cquation (1 ),
(MUDec. 2019 - 6 Marks) 96.05
Pnin = 0.2 sin (11.31) + cos (11.31)
P =94.185 N Ans.

Ex. 3.12 : Find the weight WB so as to have its impending

9ON
motion down the plane. Take weight of block Aas 2 kN, The nin
connected rod AB is initially is in horizontal position.
155 (MUDec. 2018 -5 Marks)
 |WA 2KN Ex. 3.13 : Two blocks A and B which are identical weighing W
cach are supported by a rod inclined at 45° to the horizontal a
shown in figure. If the blocks are in limiting cquilibrium, find
the coefficient of friction assuming it to be the same at both the
floor and the walI. (MU May 2008 - 10 Marks)

Solution : Block - B will have impending motion down the

plane when WB 0S maximum or greatest. In this case, Block -A
will have impending motion up the force.
In the given system, pin connected rod AB is a two force 45
member. Let F be the axial compressive force in the rod - AB.

F sin 30

02.2 N. Solution : Rod connecting two blocks is a two force member.

Let T be the axial tensile force in the rod.

2 cos 30
Ng0 Ecos 30.
30 2 sin 30
T
sin 45

2 kN
451 Tços 45
SFy = 0 gives w
NË = F sin 30+2 cos 30 ...(1) uN,
XFx = 0 gives N4
F cos 30 = 0.2 N, +2 sin 30 ... (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2). Considering F.B.D. of BIlock - B :
NË 2.611 kN
EF, = 0 gives
and F = + 1.758 = 1.758 kN (C) T cos 4S + uN=0 ... (1)
45 EFy = 0 gives
IF
sin
T sin 4S + N = W
or
NË =(W-0.707T)
0.707T+ u(W -0.707T) = 0
sin
55
AS 0.707T-ux 0.707T uW
Wc,o
4 s5
0.707T(1-u) =-W
or
T = uW ... (3)
Wa 0.707(1 -)
ve means compressive
SFy = 0 gives
N> F sin 45 + WB cos 45 Considering F.B.D. of Block - A:
... (3)
EF, = 0 gives
0.2 N2 + Fcos 45 =WB sin 45 4Y
Solving cquations (3) and (4),
N = 3.108 kN
and WB(max) 2.637 kN Ans. A
T cos 45
Note : For the previous problem, WB will be minimum when
45°
Block - A has impending motion down the plane and Block - B
has impending motion up the plane.
T sin 45
 SE, 0 gives EF, = 0 gives
T cos 45 + N = 0 .() N +F sin 30 10 cos 0
SF 0 gives NË +Fsin 30 10 x 0.88 ...(1)
W+T sin 45 =uN) EF, = 0 gives
W +T sin 45 T cos 45 F cos 30 = 0.2 Ni+ 10 sin
W Fcos 30 = 0,2 N + 10 x 0.6
T = (2)
0.707 (1+ ) cos 30= 0.2 N+6 ...(2)
Equating () and (2). Solving cquations (1 ) and (2).
-W W
N 4.066 kN
0.707 (1 - u) 0.707 (1 +) +7.867 kN
and
On solving, we get,
7.867 kN (Tensile)
7.867 kN (T)
u+2u -l = 0
Let us draw F.B.D. of link BC to find M. It is general force
u = 0,414 Ans
system.
Ex. 3.14 : The following figure shows a block 'A' held in Fcos (66.87)
equilibrium on an inclined plane by a moment 'M applicd to H
link 'BC". Link 'AB' and link 'BC are hinged at 'B'. The 8+30 B 2m

weight of the block is 10 kN. The rod BC is 2 m long. Assume =66.877

the links to be weightless and hinges to be ideally smooth.
Calculate 'M' to just start the motion of the block upwards. Take F sin (66.87)
coeficient of friction between block and the plane to be 0.2.
EMc 0 gives
M
M = F sin (66.87) x 2
2m 7.867 sin (66.87) x 2
14.47 kNm
W=
10kN

Ex. 3.15: Two blocks A (100 N) and B (150 N) are resting on

<=0.2
ground as shown in the figure. Coefficient of friction between
3
ground and block B is 0.10 and that between block B and A is
0.30. Find the minimum value of weight P' in the pan so that
motion starts. (MUMay 2019-5 Marks)
Solution : In the given system, link AB is a two force member (SPCE June 2019 -8 Marks)
as hinged at both ends without any loading in-between. Let F be
the axial tensile force in link AB. Let us draw F.B.D. ofblock.
A0FCos
30 30
F Xp=?
F si3
n0 A100Nu=0.3
150N TH01
B 150N
0.2
N

Solution :Tension in the string connecting Block A will be 'P'.

s i6n
+ 1c
0o0 s In the given system, there are two possibilities of
impending
1s
0 int motion (only Block A starts moving and Blocks A and B start
moving together as one unit).
10 KN Case - (i): Impending mnotion of Block A:
4
P sin 30-P
tan 0 = - 36.87° 100 N
30 Pcos 30
cos ¿0.8
0.3 N,
and sin - 06 TN,
 0 gives Case - I: Impending motion of only Block A
NË +P sin 30 I00 () 23 x 9.81 = 225.63 N
SF 0 gives
P cos 30 0.3 Ni ... (2)
+T=9,81 M
Solving cquations (|) and (2).
N = N5.24 N
and P
0.4 N, fN
29.53 N
Case - (ii): Impending motion of Blocks A and B as one unit:
EF, 0 gives
P sin 30 N 225.63 N
0 gives
9.81 M 0.4 N = 0.4 x (225.63)
30
+P cos 30 M 9.2 kg
Case - J: Impending motion of Blocks A and B as one unit :
250N

0.1N,
N2 ’ 9.81 M

EF, = 0 gives B
NË+ P sin 30 = 250 ... () 59 x 9.81 = 578.79 N
EF, = 0 gives
P cos 30 = 0.1 N: ...(2)
Solving cquations (1) and (2).
N: 236.53 N 0.2 N, N,
and P = 27.29 N
Hence, minimum value of P required to just start motion
- Smaller of two values SFy = 0 gives
= 27.29 N Ans. N = 578,79 N
SF, = 0 gives
Ex. 3.16 : The mass of A is 23 kg and mass of B is 36 kg. The 9,81 M= 0.2 N2
coefticient of friction are 0.4 between A and B, and 0.2 betwecen
9.81 M= 0.2 x 578.79
ground and block B. Assume smooth drum. Determine the
M 11.8 kg
minimurn mass of M at impending motion.
(MU May 2014-8 Marks) . Minimum value of M required to just start motion I5
9.2 kg.
Fixed Drum
Ex. 3.17 : Find force required to pul Block B as shown,
A
Coeflicicnt of friction between A and B is 0.3 and between b
and floor is 0.25
Mass of A 40 kg and E 60 kg. (MUDec, 2015-8 Marks)
M
String

30" A
be
Solution : Tension in the string connecting BIock A will
equal to the weight of the mass M 9.81 M. In the given systern. B
there will be two possibilities of impending motion as shoWn,
 Solution In the given system, only Block B will have Solution : Let us draw FB.D. of two blocks as shoWn.
impending motion towards right. Motion of Block A is restricted
T
due to string. In such situation, we draw F.B.D. of Block B first
and then F.B.D. of Block A. Friction between two blocks will
always be cqual and opposite. We first mark direction of friction 132.435sine i32.435cos@
based on impending motion of blocks.
F.B.D. of Block A: 13.5 x9.81 = 132 435 N

T sin, 30 40 x 9.81 ZF, = 0

=392.4 N
N2 = 132.435 cos 9
30 A
T cos 30 EF, = 0 gives
+ 0.3 N,
N.
T =N+ 132.435 sin 9
EF, = 0
N+T sin 30 = 392.4 ... (0)
EF, = 0
0.3 N) = T cos 30 ... (2)
Solving equations () and (2), 392,48
sin
0
N = 334.47 N
and T = 115.86 N
F.B.D. of Block B: 392,48cos
60 x 9.81
40 x 9.81 = 392.4N
/= 588.6 N
0.3 N
SFy = 0 gives
0.25 N, T Nj = N2 + 392.4 cos
Nz
NI = 132.435 cos 9 + 392.4 cos 0

EFy = 0 NË = 524.835 cos

N2 NË + 588.6 = 923.07 N
EF, = 0 gives
EFx = 0
P = 0.25 N2 +0.3 N 392.4 sin 9 - ;N+;N
=0.25 x 923.07 +0.3 x 334.47
392.4 sin 9 - N+N)
p = 331.11 N Ans.

3 (392.4 sin 0) = (524.835 cos - 132.435 cos 0)

Ex. 3.18 : What should be the value of 0 so that motion of Block 1177.2 sin = 657.27 cos
A impends down the plane ? The coefficient of friction ' for Sin (657.27)
all surfaces is 1/3. cos 0 (177.2)
Given tan 0 = 0.558
Mass of Block A = 40 kg and mass of Block B = 13.5 kg. 0 = 29, 18° Ans,
(MUDec. 2011 - 10 Marks & June 2003 -8 Marks)
3.9 Tipping
To understand concept of tipping, let us consider the cxanple of
pushing of cupboard. To push the cupboard of weight W",
assume that force P' is applicd at height 'h as shown in
figure.
 Case - II: Impending motion of block with tipping

4.5 cm
10 cm

6ON
8 0.5N,
B
Initially. when force 'P' is applied at lower height, motion of
cupboard will start towards right in the form of sliding. Now,
keep force 'P' constant and increase the height 'h' slowly to
push the cupboard. We can observe that, at a certain height 'h, EMp = 0 gives
cupboard will start tipping or turning about point B as shown. Px 10 = 60 x 4.5
When the cupboard is on the verge of tipping, height will be P= 27N
maximum. At the instant of tipping, normal reaction and friction :. Pmin = 27 N which will disturb equilibrium of the system
force will act at point of tipping i.e. point B as cupboard will be Ans.
in contact with plane only at point B. Impending motion in the
form of tipping will be possible only when dimensions of body Ex. 3.20:A 1500 N cupboard is to be shifted to the right by a
are given.
horizontal force P as shown. Find the force P required to just
cause the motion and the maximum height upto which it can be
Ex. 3.19: For the block shown in figure, find the applied. Take u = 0.25.
minimum
value of P, which will just disturb the equilibrium of the
system.
(MUDec. 2012 - 4 Marks)
9 cm

10 cm

0.8m
A 60 N
B 0.5
Solution: To find maximum height 'h, we need to draw .5D
of the cupboard at the instant of
Solution : As the force P' to cause motion is applied at fixed
just tipping.
height, motion of block may impend in the form of sliding as 4
well as tipping. 9.4 m, 0.4 m
P
Case - I : Impending motion of block with sliding 2m

P 1500 N
Al 0.25 N,
N,

SFy = 0 gives
NË = 1500 N
£F, = 0 gives
Ans

EF, = 0 gives 0.25 N= 0.25 x 1500 = 375 N

NË = 60N 2MA 0 gives
=
EF, = 0 gives Pxh 1500 x 0.4
0.5 N = 0.5 x 60 =30 N 375 xh = 1500 x 0,4 Ans.
h = 1,6 m