A PROJECT PRESENTATION ON

“Metal Detector“
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Anjali Diwedi [2201200310007]
Submitted By:
Khushi Maddheshiya [2201200310010]
Shailendra Pratap Singh [2201200310019]
Shruti Singh [2201200310021]

Under the Supervision (s) of:

Ms. Ankita sharma
(Associate Professor, ECE Department)
Mrs. Deepti Ojha
(Head, ECE Department)
Session: 2024-25
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
AL-1 SECTOR-7, GIDA GORAKHPUR, UP
(Approved by A.L.C.T.E. and Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J.A.K. Technical University, Lucknow, UP)
 METAL DETECTOR :
Overview and Working Principle
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO METAL DETECTION
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
3. OBJECTIVE
4. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF METAL DETECTION
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
6. COMPONENTS REQUIRED
7. COMPONENTS DETAILS
8. BLOCK DIAGRAM
9. APPLICATIONS
10. CHALLANGES
11. CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION TO METAl DETECTION

What is a Metal Detector?

A metal detector is an electronic device
designed to detect the presence of metal
objects.

It works by emitting an electromagnetic

field and then analyzing the response of
that field when it encounters metal objects.

The
Metal device
detectortypically alerts the
is a very common user
device that
through sound or a visual signal
is used for checking persons, luggage orwhen
metal
bags inis shopping
detected. malls, hotels, cinema halls,
etc. to ensure that person is not carrying any
metals or illegal things like guns, bombs etc.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
❑ The Need for Metal Detection Technology
Metal detection is essential in various fields, but traditional methods of locating
buried or hidden metal objects can be time-consuming, inefficient, and costly. In
many cases, metal detection requires specialized equipment that is not always
easily accessible or affordable.

❑ Challenges in Detecting Metals

Metal Detection in Complex Environments

Need for Portability and Ease of Use

Accuracy and Sensitivity:

 OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT
1. Designing a Simple Yet Effective Metal Detector:

The goal is to create a basic metal detector that can detect common
metals in a variety of environments with reasonable accuracy.
The project will aim to achieve portability, low-cost construction, and
ease of use, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

2. Addressing Practical Issues

The project will focus on making the metal detector simple, lightweight,
and affordable.
It will strive to balance sensitivity with precision to improve detection
accuracy and reliability.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF METAL DETECTION
How Metal Detectors Work: The Principle of Electromagnetic Induction

1. Electromagnetic Field Generation

A metal detector operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It uses a coil
(transmitter coil) that generates a magnetic field when an electrical current is passed through it.
The transmitter coil produces an oscillating magnetic field that spreads out into the surrounding
environment. This field travels through the ground or other materials that might contain metal
objects.

2. Interaction with Metal Objects:

When the electromagnetic field encounters a metal object, it causes the metal to become
magnetized briefly. The metal objects in the ground react to the electromagnetic field by
generating their own secondary electromagnetic fields. This process is called inductive
coupling.

The type of metal (ferrous or non-ferrous) can affect how it interacts with the magnetic field.
For example, ferrous metals (like iron) create a stronger disturbance than non-ferrous metals
(like copper or aluminum).
 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF METAL DETECTION
• 3.DETECTION OF THE DISTURBANCE:

The receiver coil (also part of the detector) senses the disturbance caused by the metal. The receiver coil is
sensitive to the changes in the magnetic field and can detect the secondary electromagnetic field generated by the
metal object.

The receiver coil picks up these changes and sends the information back to the detector’s control unit.

• 4. SIGNAL PROCESSING AND OUTPUT:

The detector's internal circuit processes the signal received from the receiver coil. When a metal is detected, it
triggers an audio signal (typically a beep) or a visual signal (such as a needle movement on a display or LED light).

The strength of the signal is typically proportional to the size and depth of the metal object. Larger or closer objects
will generate a stronger signal, whereas smaller or deeper objects may generate a weaker signal.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

• 1 x TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC

• 2 x 47nF Capacitors (Ceramic Capacitor code 473)
• 1 x 1 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 330 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 100 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 5 KΩ Potentiometer
• 1 x 2N2222A (NPN Transistor)
• 1 x 5V Buzzer
• Coil (copper wire of 26 – 30 AWG is taken and it is
wound in to a coil of diameter 5 – 6 cm and 140 – 150
turns)
• Additional Components (for LED)
• 1 x 220 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 5mm LED
 COMPONENTS DETAILS
1 TDA0161 proximity detector IC:

TDA0161 is a proximity detector IC can be used detect metal objects by detecting the slight changes
in the high frequency eddy current losses.

The TDA0161 IC acts as an oscillator with the help of externally tuned circuit. The changes in supply
current will determine the output signal i.e. Current is high when a metal object is near and it is low
when there is no metal object.

2.Coil (Inductor):

We have taken a 30 AWG Copper wire for this project. It is then wound in to a coil using a 5.8cm diameter
reference. The coil consists of 140 – 150 turns.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
APPLICATIONS 1. Security and Safety

Airport Security
Public Venues

2. Archaeology and Treasure Hunting

3. Construction and Utility Work

Locating Underground Utilities

Detecting Reinforcements in Concrete

4. Search and Rescue Operations

Finding Missing Persons or Objects

Underwater Search and Recovery

5. Mining and Geological Exploration

Mining Exploration
 CHALLANGES

• Precision in electronics:
• Ensuring proper calibration and signal processing.

• Power supply:
• Choosing a reliable power source that can last for long periods during operation.

• Cost and materials:

• Balancing cost with the desired features and durability.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the exploration of metal detection
technology reveals its diverse applications and
significant advancements. As technology continues to
evolve, understanding its implications and potential will
be vital for enhancing safety and e ciency across
various sectors.
THANKS!
Do you have any
questions?