Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES

University Town, Catarman, Northern Samar
Web: http://uep.edu.ph; Email: [email protected]

Written Report
in
Soc. Sci 801

(Methods and Techniques and

Teaching Social Studies)

EVANGELISTA, ANILIA T.
(MAED SS Students)

Ma’am ENA ROSE J. BAROJABO

(Professor)
 Topic: Guiding Principles and Approaches in Teaching
Social Studies

A. Guiding Principles in Teaching Social Studies

➢ Teaching is Meaningful
➢ Teaching is Active
➢ Teaching is Value-based
➢ Teaching is Integrative
➢ Teaching is Challenging
B. Approaches in Teaching Social Studies
➢ Discovery Approach
➢ Process Approach
➢ Inquiry Approach
➢ Multi-media Approach
➢ Value Clarification Approach
➢ Eclectic Approach

A. Guiding Principles in Teaching Social Studies

Teaching is Meaningful
A lesson is meaningful if the students see the relevance and connection of their lesson to
their lives because it has real-world application. It is connecting lessons to the real life of
students. It is making them do real -life tasks themselves and using high-order-thinking skills for
mastery of content.
Teaching is Active
In active learning, students work either individually or collaboratively, using rich and varied
sources, to reach understandings, make decisions, discuss issues and solve problems. Students
can also interact with the teachers by asking and answering questions as teachers explain.
Teaching is Value-based
Its lessons are replete with value - laden concerns and issues where students listen to
competing arguments, assess the merits of competing arguments and make informed and value-
based decisions.
Teaching is Integrative
The subject itself is an integration of several interrelated disciplines - history, economics,
geography, political science, sociology, anthropology, archeology and psychology. It integrates
cognitive skills required in other disciplines as it provides opportunities for students to conduct
inquiry, develop and display data, synthesize findings, and make judgments.
Teaching is Challenging
One of the main problems is disinterest from students. Learning task should neither be too
easy to bore the students nor too difficult to discourage them. To address these challenges, teachers
prioritize essential concepts and skills and focus on depth rather than breadth. Teachers also provide
opportunities for students to explore topics in greater depth through research projects or debates.
 B. Approaches in Teaching Social Studies
Discovery Approach
• Places the teacher as a facilitator
• Requires mental processes, such as:
– Observing
– Measuring
– Classifying
– Guessing
– Explaining
– Drawing conclusions.
• Puts students in their own learning and developing creativity in solving problems.
• Encourages the students:
• To learn the facts
• Develop their own skills
• Acquire the knowledge by actively working with the information gathered.
• The instructor encourages the learners to generate modules that demonstrate
students’ creativity

Advantage and Disadvantages of Discovery Approach

Advantages:
➢ Development of metacognitive skills (including some higher-level cognitive strategies) useful
in lifelong learning.
➢ Motivation

Disadvantages:
➢ Sometimes huge) cognitive overload.
➢ Potential to confuse the learner if no initial framework is available.
➢ Measurable performance is worse for most learning situations.
➢ Creations of misconceptions - Weak students have a tendency to "fly under the radar" (Aleven
et al. 2003)

Process Approach
• Focuses on the writing process rather than the final product.
• Indicates an awareness of the linkage between writing, thinking, and learning

Advantage and Disadvantages of Process Approach

Advantages:
➢ Develop skills, such as drafting and editing texts, which are required when writing.
➢ Develops Critical Thinking Skills
Disadvantages:
➢ It requires a significant investment of class time to be successful.
➢ It was developed to meet the needs of the native classroom, where learners, who were
already verbally fluent, needed to address the issue of the writing process and as a result, it
neglects the linguistic element of written language.
 Inquiry Approach
• Allows students to be curious, to wonder and ask questions
• Aids in differentiation of learning without stigmatizing students
• They create an active and engaged classroom by offering a diverse set of learning
opportunities designed to appeal to the varying learning styles of the students in the
classroom.
Advantage and Disadvantages of Inquiry Approach
Advantages:
➢ Greater Interest
➢ Enhances teamwork skills
➢ Long-term knowledge retention

Disadvantages:
➢ Poorer standardized testing performance
➢ often requires significant time for exploration, research, and discussion, which can delay
covering the full curriculum.
Multimedia Approach

• One of the important innovations in the field of educational technology to improve the process
and product of teaching – learning.
• An approach of teaching in which different mediums are incorporated to make the teaching-
learning more effective, enthusiastic, inspirational, meaningful & interesting.

Advantage and Disadvantages of Multimedia Approach

Advantages:
➢ Creativity
➢ Variety
➢ Cost-effective
➢ Realistic Approach
➢ Wide Variety of Support
Disadvantages:
➢ Accessibility
➢ Distracting
➢ Costly
➢ Time Consuming
➢ Requires Mastery
➢ Limited Support/ Compatibility Fragile.
Value Clarification Approach

• Has to be a rational process

• Important aspect of value clarification in education is moral development of a child
• Helps an individual to relate their thoughts and their feelings which results in awareness of
their own values.
Advantage and Disadvantages of Value Clarification Approach
Advantages:
➢ Values clarification is an analysis technique that can often assist individuals increase
awareness of any values that may have an attitude on lifestyle decisions and actions.
➢
➢ This technique can deliver an opportunity for a person to reflect on personal moral
problems and allow for values to be analyzed and clarified.

Disadvantages:

➢ One of the disadvantages of the value clarification method is that informal values clarification
instruments do not always deliver relevant information.
Eclectic Approach

• A fusion of knowledge from all sources

• A peculiar type of educational philosophy which harmoniously combines all good ideas and
principles from various schools of thought

Advantage and Disadvantages of Eclectic Approach

Advantages:
➢ Does not restrict to one perspective so allows new ideas to be formed.
➢ Therapeutic methods treat the entire disorder and not just one symptom.
➢ Humans are complex and it is not always possible to identify one precise cause.
➢ Combining methods is a useful way of validating ideas.
➢ The strengths of one method can be used to offset the weaknesses of another.
Disadvantages:

➢ It does not lend itself to prediction and control of behavior.

➢ It's difficult to identify the relative contributions of each approach.
➢ Explanation of behavior may become "watered down" when combining many perspectives.
➢ There are practical difficulties in investigating the integration of the approaches.

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