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Lesson 1 Summarizing

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Rims Hwang
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Lesson 1 Summarizing

.

Uploaded by

Rims Hwang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by: Ma’am Cristine

discuss the
feature of
determine the summarizing; state the main
purpose of idea or key
summarizing; information of
a text;
use
appropriate
apply reporting apply various
effective verbs; formats of in-
strategies in text citations
summarizing; in summaries;
evaluate
summaries;
summarize
the content of
a text; and
Summarizing is writing a
paragraph that restates the
main ideas/key ideas of the
original text without
compromising the meaning.
Therefore, it should be shorter
than the original text.
Summarizing is an important
skill in critical reading that is
often used to share the
essential ideas in a book, a
book chapter, an article,
and/or part of it.
useful
information key words or
phrases - helps
gist or main
meet your
idea reading
purpose
1. Clarify your purpose before you read.
2. Read the text and understand the meaning.
-Reread
-Locate
→(gist or main idea)
3. Annotate the text.
- underline, highlight, and encircle the key
ideas or phrases
4. Write all the key ideas and phrases you
identified on the margin or in your notebook in
bullet or outline form.
5. Without looking at the text, identify the
connections of these key ideas and phrases
using a concept map or an outline.
6. Restate the sentences in your own words
and combine them into a paragraph.
-Transitional devices:
Therefore, However, Additionally, In contrast,
Furthermore.. etc.
7. Ensure that you do not copy a single
sentence from the original text.
8. Refrain from adding comments about the
text. Stick to the ideas it presents.
9. Edit the draft of your summary by
eliminating redundant ideas.
10. Compare your output with the original text
to ensure accuracy.
11. Record the details of the original source.
- author’s name/s
- date of publication
- title
- publisher
- place of publishing
- URL (if online)
12. Format your summary properly. When you
combine your summaries in a paragraph, use
different formats to show variety in writing.
In this format, the summarized idea comes before the
citation.
Idea Heading Example:
Benchmarking is a useful strategy that has the potential to
Format
help public officials improve the performance of local
services (Folz, 2004; Ammons, 2001). Once the practice
of a particular city is benchmarked, it can be a guidepost
and the basis for the other counterparts to improve their
own.
In this format, the summarized idea comes after the
citation. The author’s name is connected by an
Author Heading appropriate reporting verb.
Format Example:
The study of Kabitan, Ahmad, and Abidin (2010) shows that
the students perceived FB as an online environment to
expedite language learning specifically English. Donmus
(2010) asserts that educational games on FB fecundate the
learning process and
make the students’ learning environment more engaging. As regards
literacy, this notion reveals that FB could be used as a tool to aid
Author Heading individuals execute a range of social acts through social literacy
Format implementation (ibid). Blackstone and Hardwood (2012) suggest the
facilitative strength of FB as it elicits greater engagement on
collaboration among students.
In this format, the summarized idea comes after the date when the
material was published.
Date Heading Example:

Format In the 2004 study on the Impact of participatory development


approach, Irvin and Stansbury argue that participation can be valuable
to the citizens and the government in terms of the process and
outcomes of decision-making.
What is a A reporting verb is a word used to discuss
reporting another author’s writing or assertions.

verb? They are generally used to incorporate the


source into the discussion in the text.
What is -vary the verbs you use
-present or past tense
reporting
Past Tense: indicates that you view the idea to be
verb? outdated and therefore want to negate it

Present Tense: indicates that you view the idea to be


relevant or agreeable.
Hyland (1999) lists the frequency of the use of reporting verbs
according to discipline.
What is Discipline Reporting Verbs (from left to right, most common to least common)

reporting Biology Describe Find Report Show Suggest Observe

verb?
Marketing Suggest Argue Find Demonstrate Propose Show

Linguistics Suggest Argue Show Explain Find Point out

Sociology Argue Suggest Describe Note Analyze Discuss

Philosophy Say Suggest Argue Claim Point out Hold Think

Overall Suggest Argue Find Show Describe Propose Report


What is a Example:

reporting Having a syntactically correct sentence is not


enough to create meaning. As Noam Chomsky pointed
verb? out, a sentence can be perfect in terms of syntax and
still not make sense. He showed this by coming up
with the famous sentence, “Colorless green ideas sleep
furiously” (Chomsky, 1957).
➢ write down everything;

➢ write down ideas from the


text word-for-word;

➢ write down incoherent and


irrelevant ideas;
➢ write down the ideas that
are not stated in the text; or

➢ write down a summary that


has the same length or is
longer than the original text.
deepens your
understanding of the
text
identify relevant
information or key
ideas
concentrate on the
gist or main idea and
key words presented
in the text
capture the key ideas
in the text and put
them together clearly
and concisely

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