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STOL - Assignment 1

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STOL - Assignment 1

Uploaded by

miraldipen0606
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AE 244: Assignment 1

Weightage: 15% of the total grades


Deadline: 9th February. 2025 (Sunday) 11:59 PM
(Submissions after this deadline will attract 5% penalty for each 30 minutes delay. For example,
15% will be deducted from the assignment grades if the submission happens at 1:30 AM)
A note on plagiarism:
This is an individual assignment. While discussion is encouraged, simply copying someone else’s
work will attract zero marks for all involved.

Overall Background
You wish to participate in the Short Take-Off and Landing Aircraft Competition and being an
aerospace engineer, you have decided to design an aircraft to compete completely by yourself. You
already have a Lycoming O-320 engine with you, which you plan on using in your aircraft.
Considering that you are the one who is also going to pilot the aircraft, your aircraft is capable of
carrying you considering your height and weight.

Goal for Assignment 1:


Study flow over an airfoil in a simulation software in great detail and verify if the software is giving
reasonable answers for the airfoil. Later, design your own airfoil for your aircraft and analyze it in
the software.

Tasks
1. Create an airfoil based on your roll number using http://airfoiltools.com/airfoil/naca4digit.
If your roll number is ABCDEFG, the NACA 4-series airfoil you create must have its maximum
camber = F.G%, thickness = AB/2 %, and maximum camber position = (AB + FG)/2 % .
Assume the chord length (c) to be 1 meter.
2. Simulate the airfoil using Ansys at 20 m/s free stream velocity for angle of attack (α) = -3°,
0°, 3°, 6°, 9°, 12°
3. Plot Cl vs α , Cd vs α , and Cl vs Cd
4. Report lift curve slope, Y-intercept, approx. stall angle (if within the range), maximum Cl,
and maximum Cl/Cd.
5. Study the flow at α = 3° and α = 12° by
a. plotting streamlines, pressure coefficient contours, vorticity contours.
b. plotting coefficient of pressure along blade surface
c. plotting unseparated boundary layer velocity profile on the upper side of the airfoil
6. Validate mass and momentum conservation by tracking incoming and outgoing mass and
momentum in control volume containing the airfoil.
7. Design your own airfoil with the aim to improve maximum Cl/Cd performance.
8. Repeat tasks 2 and 3 and compare your airfoil’s performance against the one based on
your roll number.
Report Slides [template to be provided]:
1. Airfoil Creation and Simulation Mesh Generation
1.1. Mention the NACA airfoil based on your roll number [1]
1.2. Airfoil shape plot and image of airfoil CAD as required for Ansys simulation [3]
1.3. Image of structured mesh created for airfoil simulation based on best practices. [4]

2. Airfoil Simulation and Results.


Discussion/Interpretation is required for each plot and is worth 50% of the assigned marks.
2.1. Cl vs α plot [5]
2.2. Cd vs α plot [5]
2.3. Cm vs αplot [5]
2.4. Cl vs Cd plot [5]
2.5. Lift curve slope [2]
2.6. Y-Intercept [2]
2.7. Stall angle [2]
2.8. Maximum Cl [2]
2.9. Maximum Cl/Cd [2]

3. Flow Study (at α = 3° and 12°)


Discussion/Interpretation is required for each plot and is worth 50% of the assigned marks.
3.1. Streamline plots [4]
3.2. Velocity field magnitude contour plots [4]
3.3. Pressure field contour plots [4]
3.4. Coefficient of Pressure plots along airfoil surface [4]
3.5. Vorticity field contour plots [4]
3.6. Approximate location of stagnation and flow separation points in airfoil surface [4]
3.7. Upper surface boundary layer velocity profile at x/c = 10%, 25% and 80%
(plot three locations on the same chart) [6]
3.8. Estimate of boundary layer thickess at the three locations [3]
3.9. Verify validity of Bernoulli equation along a streamline
(a) far from the boundary layer [3]
(b) inside the boundary layer [3]

4. Conservation laws (at α = 30)


Consider a rectangular control volume containing the airfoil.
4.1. Net mass flow rate into the control volume. [5]
4.2. Net rate of momentum change through the control volume. [5]
4.3. Comparison with lift and drag force reported in section 2 of the report. [2]

5. Airfoil Design
5.1. Suggest any change you can make to the airfoil shape to improve performance with reason.
Present the airfoil CAD. [4]
5.2. Simulate the airfoil at an angle of attack of your choice (between -30 and 120) and report its
Cl and Cd values. [5]
5.3. Comment on the performance of the new airfoil [2]

6. Bonus Section (Optional)


6.1. Design a multielement airfoil with the aim to achieve at least 10% higher Cl compared to
your best single element airfoil and show the CAD [3]
6.2. Simulate the multielement airfoil and present its streamline plots and performance at its
best α [5]
6.3. Comment on the results of the multielement airfoil against single element airfoil [2]

7. Acknowledgement
Mandatory to acknowledge people you discussed with or took help for any part of the
assignment

8. References
List all references (books, paper, websites, etc.) used while doing the assignment

Other Instructions:
• Unnecessarily lengthy responses with irrelevant content will attract up to 50% discount for
the corresponding subsections.
• You must strictly follow the template for uniformity.
• Adding more slides to report any relevant extra work / additional insights is permitted.

• You may use Ansys Cloud Direct Free Trial for the Assignment: https://www.ansys.com/en-
in/products/cloud/ansys-cloud/free-trial if you face difficulty installing or running Ansys on
your laptop.

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