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Computed Radiography (1)

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7 views17 pages

Computed Radiography (1)

Uploaded by

Mins Hatdog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

Known as Photostimulable Phosphor imaging


(PSP).
Utilizes reusable imaging plates, hardware, and
software to acquire and display digital
projection radiographs.
Cassette-based system akin to analog film
Functions like conventional imaging plates in a
cassette; requires processing in a CR reader
post X-ray exposure for digital image
conversion.
Filmless technology while still using a cassette.
Significant progress in
CR was made by 1983, CR first
Eastman Kodak in 1975 clinically used in
with x-ray image Japan.
storage on a phosphor
screen.
In 1981, Fujifilm introduced
the first prototype CR
system using:
PSP plates to store the X-
ray image.
A laser scanner to retrieve
the stored image.
Computed Radiography (CR) is a digital
radiography technique using
photostimulable phosphor imaging plates FUJIFILM CASSETTE
PHOTOSTIMULABLE
PHOSPHOR IMAGING PLATES
to capture X-ray or gamma ray images.
These plates store radiation energy as a
latent image, which is read by a laser
scanner that measures emitted light.
The scanner converts light signals into
digital images for display or analysis on a
CR READER
computer.
1. Protective Layer - A thin layer of tough, clear plastic that protects the
phosphorus layer.
2. Phosphor Layer (Active layer/component) - A layer of photostimulable
phosphor that “traps” electrons during exposure. Composed of extremely small
particles which store and release energy. Usually made of phosphors from
Barium Fluorohalide.
3. Conductive Layer (Antistatic layer) - A layer made up of conductive needle-like
crystals that absorbs and reduce static electricity.
4. Support Layer (Base) - A semi-rigid material that gives the imaging sheet
some strength.
5. Reflective Layer (Light shielding layer) - A carbon particle layer that send light
in a forward direction preventing the light from leaking from the rear of the
imaging plate.
6. Backing Layer - A protective layer made from a soft polymer that prevents
scratching when the plates are stack during the manufacturing process.
When the CR cassette is inserted into the CR reader, the IP is removed and is fitted to a
precision drive mechanism. The IP travels through rollers inside the CR reader.
This drive mechanism moves the IP constantly yet slowly ("slow scan") along the long axis
of the IP.
Fast scan direction is the movement of the laser across the IP.
Red laser light scans in a raster pattern at 2 eV.
Laser scans multiple times as IP moves through reader = translation.
Light produced -detected by photomultiplier.
When the red laser hits the imaging plate, the plate releases a blue, visible
light.
Laser = light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation The diameter of
the laser beam affects the spatial resolution (detail) of the CR imaging system.
The photomultiplier tube is used to
convert small amounts of light into an
amplified electric signal.
The resulting electric signal is digitized
by an analog-to digital converter (ADC),
which determines the number of shades
of gray in the image.
The image is stored in the computer and sent
to the PACS.
Picture Archiving and Communication System
(PACS) is a computerized system that stores,
retrieves, and displays radiologic images.
allows for efficient storage and retrieval of
images, and it provides convenient access to
images from multiple modalities.
Long-term Storage and Retrieval
Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy
Quicker Access to Images
Environmentally Friendly
Decreased rates of failed x-ray exposures
Cassette-based CR systems easily integrate with current
devices and offer mobility for bedside examinations
Suitable for regular clinical applications
Radiographers can swap out damaged image plates without
the need for specialized tools
Imaging plates can be reused
Lower spatial resolution than traditional screen-film.
Image viewing can be time-consuming.
Risk of overexposure exists.
High maintenance requirements.
Chest Pathologies
Abdominal and Gastrointestinal
Conditions
Spine and Joint Abnormalities
Dental and Maxillofacial
Pathologies
Computed Radiography (CR) is a digital imaging method
using reusable plates for radiographs, it functions like
conventional imaging plates in a cassette; requires
processing in a CR reader post X-ray exposure for digital
image conversion.
Developed by Eastman Kodak in 1975, it has been clinically
used in Japan since 1983, with enhancements by Fuji.
CR integrates with X-ray systems and PACS for efficient
image management, utilizing a multi-layered PSP plate and
red laser for high-resolution images.
Benefits include reusable plates, device compatibility, eco-
friendliness, and bedside mobility, making it ideal for
diverse medical conditions.
However, its limitations include lower resolution, time-
intensive processes, and high maintenance.

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