SAP: Systems, Applications, Products in Data Processing.

SAP was invented by 5 Ex IBM employees from Germany in 1972. It was released into the market in 1990’s with
successful version of 4.5EE.(enterprise edition). Most successful version – ECC 6.0(enterprise corporate version). This
was before HANA was released.

Versions in SAP: in 1990’s 4.5EE, 4.6EE, 4.7EE…. 2005 – ECC6.0, EHP1, EHP2.

For 2025 – 7.5 NW. NetWeaver Gateway version. Based on HANA.

SAP R/3 : R/3 stands for real-time 3 tier architecture. That means SAP is tied with 3 servers - Presentation
server(GUI), Application Server(RAM/CPU), Database server(Hard disk).

Usually system gets slow when we perform DB operations.

SAP is an ERP package. ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning Software. It means utilizing the resources like
money, manpower, materials, etc in a more organized way for an enterprise.

SAP is integrated of multiple modules including administration, functional, technical departments. There are 60-70
modules in SAP. For Administration – BASIS, Security modules. For Functional – SD or O2C, MM or P2P, FICO, PP, PM
etc. For Technical – ABAP including of core ABAP, HR ABAP etc, CA(Cross Application), OOPS ABAP, Webdynpro,
Workflow, OData, UI5/FIORI, HANA.

SAP supports any type of OS. SAP has multiple international languages like English, French, German, Italian etc.

SAP is case insensitive except for values written in single quotes like ‘Pawan’. Rest all are case insensitive.

SAP has demo version and Product version. We will be using Demo version in the training person.

Demo version. 800 – Dev, Quality, Production all in the same client environment.

Product version - Development, Production, Quality could be in different environments(different Ips for different
clients) setup by BASIS.

In demo version we will have to ON the server ourselves by logging into SAP Management console.

In product version – SAP server will be maintained by BASIS team at the client location. We will get virtual access to
it through VPN(IP) – (username, password, OTP) or through Remote Desktop(URL).

SAP is a predefined application with 90% SAP provided applications and 10% customization which is usually done by
ABAPers.

Any object starts with the letters A-X or reserved for STD SAP.

If any customized object has to be created it has to start with the letters Y or Z. But we will always use Z in realtime
for creating custom objects based on the project guidelines(Naming Conventions).

Note:: For login process follow the steps provided by BASIS.

ABAP
It is A 4TH generation language designed for SAP. ABAP is designed by using SQL and C languages.

We acquired SUDI (Select, Update, Delete, Insert) operations from SQL and datatypes concept from C.

ABAP works based on 2 ‘T’s. Both the source and destination in ABAP are Tables. Transaction code to go to desired
location in SAP.

1 – Tables for database operations (SUDI)

2 – Transaction Code (To enter respective library)

SAP Easy Access: is the home screen once you login into SAP.
Every SAP screen has 4 sections/bars.

1. Menu Bar – It contains all the functionalities of that screen.

2. **Command Bar – To enter a command to get into a particular library. We call it as a T-Code in SAP
language.
3. Application Tool Bar – Shortcut icons to frequently used of the menu functionalities.
4. Status Bar – To display the messages at the bottom.

In SAP we can open a maximum of 6 session per user per client.

We use /o+TCode(don’t use + or space after o) to open a new session without closing current session.

We use /n+TCode(don’t use + or space after n) to open a new session to replace current session.

On home screen (SAP Easy Access) no need to use /n, /o commands to go to any library. Just enter the T-Code.

HELPs in SAP:
There are 2 types of HELPS available in SAP.

1) F1 – Provides application or technical help of an object. Place the cursor on the respective object and click
on F1 key, a popup will open up providing the required information. After that click on wrench & hammer
icon for technical information
2) F4 – It provides possible values(dropdown) of an object. Place the cursor on the respective object and click
on F4 key, a popup will open up with the possible values in the dropdown. Enter the first character like for
eg: M and then *….M* and click F4 and then enter. Other eg: Z*TEST*

In SAP, Double Click on any object in the data field to know more information(data definition) about that.

Messages in SAP
In SAP, there are 5 types of messages.

1) Abandon (A) – It stops the entire process without giving any information or alert. We never use this
message.
2) Error (E) – It is to stop the further processing until you clear the error. It is in RED colour.
3) Information (I) – It gives the message in the pop up in BLUE colour. It continues the process either you click
on enter or close it.
4) Success (S) – It provides the success message in GREEN colour at the bottom. Process will be continued
without any action.
5) Warning (W) – Gives a warning message in YELLOW colour. You must click on enter to proceed further.
Packages in SAP
There are 2 types of packages in SAP:

1) Local Object ($TMP) – it is used to analyse or experiment purpose to know whether or not if a use case is
working or not. These objects cannot be transported to Quality or Production systems and will remain
only in the Development system.
2) Transportable Package – We save the objects in a transportable package if you want to move the object to
Quality and Production systems. In other words, in real-time every project requirement object should be
created in Transportable package.

*** In SAP for every object we create, we must follow below 3 steps:

1) Save (Ctrls S) – to save the content up to that point so that you can revisit. Save icon same as in word.
2) Check (Ctrl F2) - (2 small boxes icon) – It validates errors or warnings (Compilation)
3) Activate (Ctrl F3) - (Candle icon) – To make the object live. If you don’t activate any object it will be dead
even if you had saved it and checked it.

All the ABAP concepts are divided into RICEF.

 R – Reports – to fetch the data from DB tables and display in Program outputs.
 I – Interface – it inserts or updates data from a file or 3rd party source into SAP.
 C – Conversion – it converts Excel or CSV files from desktop into SAP.
 E – Enhancement – to add additional functionalities to the STD SAP provided objects.
 F – Forms – to print the required data from SAP onto the paper.

All the RICEF components are dependent on DB visible to us in the form of a Table(rows x columns). In ABAP
terminology Columns are called as Fields and Rows are called as Records.

 To create a Table, we first create the Fields.

 To create a Field, we first create a data element.
 To create a data element, we first create a domain.
 Table – Fields – Data Element – Domain – Data type.length etc

All the above elements are grouped under a single roof called Data Dictionary. To access data dictionary we
execute Transaction code SE11.

Domain – It specifies data type – Character/number etc and length of a field.

How to create a Domain:

Execute SE11 -> Select Domain button -> Provide Domain name (eg: ZEMPID) -> Click on Create -> Give a Short
Description for the technical name you gave(mandatory) for every object in SAP.

Next provide Data Type(Use F4 help here) -> Provide Number of Characters(as per requirement) -> Save (save it is
a Local Object during this training period) -> Check -> Activate.

How to create a Data Element:

Execute SE11 -> Select Data Type button -> Provide Data Element name (eg: ZEMPID) -> Click on Create -> Give a
Short Description for the technical name you gave(mandatory) for every object in SAP.

Next provide Domain Name(created in previous step – ZEMPID) under Data Type tab – Enter – Click on Field Label
tab - Provide descriptions referring as below:
 Length Description
Short 10 Emp ID
Medium 15 Employee ID
Long 20 Employee ID
Heading 20 Employee ID

-> Save (save it is a Local Object during this training period) -> Check -> Activate.

How to create a Table:

Execute SE11 -> Select Database Table button -> Provide Table Name (eg: ZEmployee) -> Click on Create -> Provide
Short Description -> Provide Delivery Class as A(always fixed) -> Select Display/Maintenance Allowed under
Delivery and Maintenance Tab -> Click on Fields Tab:

Enter 1st field as mandt, select checkboxes for Key and Initials, again enter mandt in the 1 st field under Data
element and then hit enter. The data type and element fields get reflected. It is mandatory – Sir will explain why it
is mandatory later.

Field Key Initials Data Element

MANDT ✓ ✓ Mandt
EMPID ✓ ✓ ZEMPID
EMPNAME ZEMPNAME
EMPPHONE ZEMPPHONE

Click on Save.

Click on Technical Settings button in Application Tool Bar. -> Provide Data Class as APPL0(fixed). -> Provide Size
Category as 0(fixed). -> Click on Save -> hit on Back once -> Check and Activate.

One warning pop up will open – click on NO.

Creating Table Entries:

 Open the Table in Change or Display mode in SE11.

 Menu Options -> Utilities -> Table Contents -> Create Entries.
 Enter the data as per your requirements in the next screen and hit Save.
 Click on Reset button – enter data – save – Reset.

Displaying the Table contents/data

 Open the table in SE11 in display or change mode in SE11.

 Click on the Contents icon to the left of Technical Settings in Application Tool Bar
 Click on Execute icon to see the Table data.

Updating the table data

 Open the table in SE11 in display or change mode in SE11.

 Click on the Contents icon to the left of Technical Settings in Application Tool Bar
 Click on Execute icon -> Select the required record -> hit on Change/Pencil icon -> make the required
changes -> hit Save and Refresh icon.
 You can only change non-Key fields of a record. For eg: EMPID cannot be changed in this case.
Deleting the table data

 Open the table in SE11 in display or change mode in SE11.

 Click on the Contents icon to the left of Technical Settings in Application Tool Bar
 Click on Execute icon -> Select the required record -> Click on Table Entries in the Menu Bar -> Delete ->
Delete Entry -> Back -> Refresh.