VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JnanaSangama,Belagavi–590018

A PROJECT REPORT
On
SOLAR POWERED UV STERILIZATION BOTTLE

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
MOHAMMED ARZAN(2AB21EC007)
SHASHANK PATGAR (2AB21EC018)
MOHAMMED ISMAIL (2AB21EC009)
FATIMA MERAJ (2AB21EC006)

Under the guidance of

PROF. SHRISHAIL BHAT
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
ANJUMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT BHATKAL - 581320
2023-2024
 ANJUMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
AND MANAGEMENT
[Recognized by AICTE ,New Delhi, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University , Belagavi]
BHATKAL-581320,KARNATAKA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Certificate
Certified that the project work entitled “SOLAR POWERED UV STERILIZATION
BOTTLE ” is a bonafide work carried out by MOHAMMED ARZAN, with USN:
2AB21EC007, SHASHANK, with USN:2AB21EC018, MOHAMMED ISMAIL, with
USN: 2AB21EC009, FATIMA MERAJ, with USN: 2AB21EC006 in partial fulfillment
for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year
2023-2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal
assessment from external guide have been incorporated in the report .The project report
has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work
prescribed for the said degree.

Guide Project Coordinator HOD

Prof.Shrishail Bhat Prof. Navin Kasim Dr. Kiran V. Shanbhag

Name of Examiners Signature

I.
II.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We consider it a privilege to express our gratitude and respect to all those individuals
who guided us in completing this project work.
First and foremost, we extend our heartfelt thanks to our guide, Prof. Shrishail Bhat,
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AITM,
Bhatkal, for his meticulous attention to every detail and his unwavering support throughout
this project.
We are grateful to Dr. Kiran V. Shanbhag, Head of the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, AITM, Bhatkal, and our project coordinator, Prof. Navin
Kasim, for their immense support, valuable guidance, and insightful discussions throughout
this project.
We take this opportunity to thank Dr. K. Fazlur Rahman, Principal, AITM, Bhatkal,
for his encouragement and support towards our academic endeavors.
We extend our respectful thanks to all the teaching and non-teaching staff of the
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, AITM, Bhatkal, for their impartial
guidance and support throughout our undergraduate course and project work.
Finally, we express our deepest gratitude to our family and friends for their
unconditional love and constant support throughout our studies and every step of our lives.
We owe all our achievements to them.

MOHAMMED
ARZAN(2AB21EC007) SHASHANK
PATGAR (2AB21EC018)
MOHAMMED ISMAIL (2AB21EC009)
FATIMA MERAJ (2AB21EC006)

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 ABSTRACT

Security is a major issue everywhere today. Everyone wants a home, a factory, a bank, and so on. Housing
security is becoming more and more important as access to services increases day by day .Most of the
security mishaps such as theft, robbery and other attacks occur mainly by breaking through the door. These
issues mainly occur due to negligence of the individual, lack of proper features and maintenance of the door.
Our project mainly deals with increasing the security of door using IOT. We use the Node MCU, which is an
IOT device acting as the Microcontroller built around the ESP8266 for the entire system.. Sensors such as
Door sensor, passive buzzer etc are used for additional security so that it can raise an alarm in case of an
emergency . A Website was developed and integrate with th system for home user control remotely.
.

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 Table Of Contents

Content Page No.

Chapter 1
1. Introduction ………………………………………………………….. 01
Chapter 2
2 Literature Review ………………………………………………….. 02
2.1 Objectives ………………………......................................... 03
2.2 Problem Statement ………………………………………… 04
Chapter 3
3 Methodology ……………………………………………………… 05
3.1 Working Principle ………………………………………… 06
3.2 Hardware Components ………………………………….. 07
3.2.1 Circular solar panel …………………………… 08
3.2.2 TP4056 charging module ……………………… 08
3.2.3 555 Timer ……………………………………… 09
3.2.4 UV leds …………………………………………. 09
3.2.5 Push button …………………………………….. 10
3.3 Software
3.3.1 Solid Edge ……………………………………... 10
3.3.2 Cura …………………………………………… 10
Chapter 4
4. Implementation ........ ………………………………………… 11-13

Chapter-5
5 Conclusion And Future Scope …………………….………... 14-15

6 References ……………………………….…………………… 16

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Water purification is a critical issue, especially in areas with limited access to clean
water. The integration of renewable energy sources into purification systems offers a
sustainable solution to this problem. This project aims to develop a solar-powered UV
LED water purification system that harnesses solar energy to provide a continuous,
eco-friendly method of disinfecting water.
The system is centered around a 3.7V lithium-ion rechargeable battery, charged by a
6V solar panel. This setup ensures that the system remains operational even in off-grid
locations, making it ideal for remote and rural areas. The battery is managed by a
TP4056 charging module, which efficiently converts solar power to charge the battery.

A key feature of this project is the use of a 555 timer IC in monostable mode to
control the operation of the UV LEDs. The 555 timer ensures that the UV LEDs
automatically turn off after a set delay, optimizing energy usage while providing
sufficient exposure to effectively purify the water. The delay period is calculated to be
approximately 5 minutes, achieved through a combination of a 270kΩ resistor and a
1000µF capacitor.

The UV LEDs, emitting light at 390-395nm, are chosen for their proven germicidal
properties. When activated, these LEDs disrupt the DNA of microorganisms in the
water, rendering them harmless. This method of purification is highly effective and
does not involve any chemical additives, making it safe for consumption.

This project not only demonstrates the practicality of using renewable energy for
water purification but also highlights the potential of combining simple electronic
components to create an efficient and reliable system. The implementation of this
solar-powered UV LED water purification system provides a sustainable solution to
the global challenge of accessing clean water. Future improvements could include
integrating microcontrollers for more precise control and additional functionality,
further enhancing the system's efficiency and user-friendliness.

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CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

The application of ultraviolet (UV) light for water purification is a well-established

method that has been extensively studied and utilized globally. UV water purification
systems use UV light at specific wavelengths to disrupt the DNA of microorganisms,
effectively rendering them harmless and unable to reproduce. This method is preferred
over chemical treatments as it does not introduce any harmful byproducts into the water

UV Light and Water Purification

Research by Malayeri et al. (2016) provides a comprehensive overview of the

mechanisms by which UV light inactivates pathogens in water. The study highlights
that UV-C light, particularly at wavelengths between 200 to 280 nm, is most effective
in damaging the nucleic acids of microorganisms. UV LEDs emitting light at 390-395
nm, as used in this project, have been shown to have significant germicidal effects
while being energy-efficient and compact (Bowker et al., 2011).

Solar Energy Utilization

Solar energy is a renewable resource that has been increasingly incorporated into water
purification systems to provide sustainable solutions, especially in off-grid areas. A
study by Hamidi et al. (2017) discusses the advantages of using solar panels to power
water purification systems. The research points out that solar-powered systems are
particularly beneficial in remote regions where conventional power supplies are
unavailable. Solar panels convert sunlight into electrical energy, which can be stored in
batteries for continuous operation.

Lithium-Ion Battery Technology

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various applications due to their high energy
density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rates. Research by Zhang
(2011) outlines the advancements in lithium-ion battery technology, emphasizing their
suitability for renewable energy storage. The TP4056 charging module, employed in

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this project, is a popular choice for managing lithium-ion batteries, offering efficient
charging and protection features (TP4056 Datasheet).

555 Timer IC in Control Systems

The 555 timer IC is a versatile component used in numerous applications for generating
precise time delays and oscillations. Literature on the 555 timer, such as the work by
Venkateswaran (2008), explains its operation modes and applications. In this project,
the 555 timer is utilized in monostable mode to control the on/off cycle of the UV
LEDs. This setup ensures efficient use of energy by automatically turning off the LEDs
after a set period, thereby conserving battery power.

Existing UV LED Purification Systems

Several existing studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of UV LED water

purification systems. For instance, research by Oppenheimer et al. (2001) tested the
efficacy of UV LEDs in inactivating various microorganisms in water.

2.1 OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of this project are:

1. Understand the effectiveness of UV light for water purification: By examining

the mechanisms and benefits of using UV light, particularly UV-C and UV LEDs,
for disinfection purposes.

2. Explore the utilization of solar energy in purification systems: To identify the

advantages and challenges of using solar panels as a renewable power source for
off-grid applications.

3. Assess the suitability of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage: Highlighting

their benefits, such as high energy density and long cycle life, in renewable
energy systems.

4. Investigate the role of 555 timer ICs in control systems: Focusing on their
application in generating precise time delays for energy-efficient operation of UV
LEDs.

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5. Review existing UV LED purification systems: Evaluating their design,

effectiveness, and potential for integration with renewable energy sources to
create sustainable and portable water purification solutions.

2.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT :

Access to clean and safe drinking water remains a significant challenge in many parts
of the world, particularly in remote and rural areas where infrastructure is lacking or
unreliable. Traditional methods of water purification, such as boiling and chemical
treatment, can be resource-intensive and may not be feasible in all situations.
Moreover, these methods often require continuous supply of fuel or chemicals, which
may not be sustainable or environmentally friendly.

While UV light is a proven method for disinfecting water by deactivating harmful

microorganisms, existing UV water purification systems typically depend on
conventional power sources, making them unsuitable for off-grid locations.
Additionally, these systems can be costly and complex, limiting their accessibility and
widespread adoption.

There is a critical need for a portable, cost-effective, and sustainable water purification
solution that can be deployed in remote areas to provide safe drinking water.
Integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar power, with UV purification
technology offers a promising approach to address this need.

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CHAPTER- 3

METHODOLOGY

The development of the solar-powered UV LED water purification system involves

several key steps, from component selection and circuit design to system integration
and testing. The methodology is outlined as follows:

1. Component Selection: Choose a 6V, 100mA solar panel to harness solar

energy, a 3.7V, 2000mAh lithium-ion rechargeable battery for energy storage,
and a TP4056 charging module to manage the battery charging. Select UV
LEDs emitting light at 390-395nm for their germicidal properties and a 555
timer IC to control the on/off cycles of the UV LEDs.

2. Circuit Design: Connect the solar panel to the TP4056 charging module, which
is then connected to the lithium-ion battery. Configure the 555 timer IC in
monostable mode with selected resistors and capacitors to create a delay of
approximately 5 minutes. Connect the UV LEDs to the battery through the 555
timer output, using current-limiting resistors to ensure safe operation.

3. System Integration: Assemble the components on a prototyping board,

ensuring reliable connections and minimal power loss. Design an enclosure to
protect the components from environmental factors while allowing solar
exposure for the panel and ensuring ease of access for maintenance.

4. Testing and Calibration: Test the system in controlled conditions to verify the
functionality of the charging module, battery, 555 timer, and UV LEDs.
Calibrate the timing delay of the 555 timer by adjusting the resistor and
capacitor values. Deploy the system in real-world conditions to assess its
performance in varying sunlight and environmental conditions. Test water
samples before and after purification to measure the effectiveness of the UV
LEDs.

5. Evaluation and Optimization: Evaluate the system’s efficiency based on its

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ability to charge the battery, operate the UV LEDs, and purify water. Analyze
energy consumption and purification effectiveness to identify areas for
improvement. Make adjustments to optimize performance and potentially
incorporate additional features to enhance user experience.

6. Documentation and Reporting: Maintain detailed documentation of the

design, assembly, and testing processes, including circuit diagrams, component
specifications, and test results. Prepare a final project report summarizing the
methodology, findings, and conclusions, along with recommendations for future
work and potential improvements

3.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE :

The solar-powered UV LED water purification system operates by harnessing solar

energy to power UV LEDs, which disinfect water through ultraviolet radiation.Figure
3.1 shows the block diagram of the project.

Fig 3.1. Block Diagram

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The system starts with a 6V, 100mA solar panel that captures sunlight and converts it
into electrical energy, providing a sustainable and off-grid power source. This
generated electricity is managed by a TP4056 charging module, which ensures the
efficient and safe charging of a 3.7V, 2000mAh lithium-ion rechargeable battery. The
module prevents overcharging and over-discharging, thus protecting the battery's
longevity.

Once the battery is charged, it supplies a consistent power source to the UV LEDs,
allowing the system to operate even in the absence of sunlight. A 555 timer IC,
configured in monostable mode, controls the on/off cycles of the UV LEDs. When the
user presses a pushbutton, the timer is triggered, turning on the UV LEDs for a preset
duration—typically around 5 minutes—before automatically switching them off. This
timing mechanism conserves battery power by ensuring the LEDs operate only when
needed.

The UV LEDs emit light at a wavelength of 390-395nm, known for its germicidal
properties. When illuminated, the LEDs irradiate the water, disrupting the DNA of
microorganisms and effectively purifying the water to make it safe for consumption.
The user interacts with the system through the pushbutton, initiating the UV LED
operation as required. After completing the purification cycle, the 555 timer
automatically turns off the LEDs, leaving the system in standby mode until reactivated.

By integrating solar power, efficient energy storage, automated control, and effective
UV disinfection, the system provides a sustainable and user-friendly solution for water
purification. This design ensures that the UV LEDs operate efficiently, maximizing
energy use and prolonging battery life, making it ideal for deployment in remote and
off-grid locations

3.2 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

3.2.1 CIRCULAR SOLAR PANEL (6V ,100 mA) :

The solar-powered UV LED water purification system incorporates several key

components. A 6V, 100mA solar panel, measuring 7 cm x 7 cm x 0.3 cm, captures

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sunlight and converts it into electrical energy, providing a renewable power source.
This energy is stored in a 3.7V, 2000mAh lithium-ion rechargeable battery (type 18650
cell), ensuring a consistent power supply to the system.Figure 3.2 Shows the circular
solar panel.

Fig 3.2 Circular Solar Panel

3.2.2 TP4056 CHARGING MODULE:

The TP4056 charging module manages the charging process of the lithium-ion battery
from the solar panel, ensuring efficient and safe charging by preventing overcharging
and over-discharging. Fig 3.3 Shows the TP4056 Charging module.

Fig 3.3. TP4056 Charging module

3.2.3 555 TIMER :

A 555 timer IC, configured in monostable mode, controls the on/off cycles of the UV
LEDs. Fig 3.4 Shows the NE555P Timer When the user presses a pushbutton, the timer

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is triggered, turning the LEDs on for a preset duration—typically 5 minutes—before

automatically switching them off. This timing mechanism is achieved by selecting
appropriate resistors and capacitors, such as a 1000μF capacitor and a resistor of
approximately 270 kΩ for a 5-minute delay

Fig 3.4. NE555P Timer

3.2.4 UV LEDs:

The system uses two UV LEDs(Fig 3,5), each operating at 3V-5V with a wavelength of
390-395nm. These LEDs have a maximum forward current of 20mA and a maximum
reverse current of 50mA. When powered, the UV LEDs emit ultraviolet light that
effectively disrupts the DNA of microorganisms, thereby purifying the water and
making it safe for consumption.

Fig 3.5 UV Led’s

3.2.5 PUSH BUTTON :

The pushbutton(fig 3.6) provides a simple user interface, allowing the user to initiate
the purification process. When the pushbutton is pressed, it triggers the 555 timer,
which then powers the UV LEDs for the designated period. This interaction ensures

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that the user has control over when the purification cycle starts, adding convenience
and functionality to the system.

Fig 3.6 Push Button

3.3 SOFTWARE
3.3.1 SOLID EDGE (CAD SOFTWARE) :
Solid Edge is a versatile and powerful 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software
developed by Siemens PLM Software. It is widely used in the engineering and
product design industries for creating precise 3D models, simulations, and technical
drawings. Solid Edge utilizes synchronous technology that combines the speed and
simplicity of direct modeling with the flexibility and control of parametric design,
allowing for rapid prototyping and easy modifications to designs. The software
provides a comprehensive toolset, including advanced modeling, assembly design,
sheet metal design, and surfacing capabilities.

3.3.2 CURA
Cura is an open-source 3D printing software developed by Ultimaker, widely used by
professionals and hobbyists alike for preparing 3D models for printing. It serves as a
powerful slicer, converting digital 3D models into instructions that a 3D printer can
follow. Cura boasts an intuitive and easy-to-navigate interface, making it accessible
to both beginners and experienced users. Its straightforward design allows users to
quickly load, edit, and prepare 3D models for printing. The software features a robust
slicing engine that translates 3D models into G-code, which is the language that 3D
printers understand. Cura supports a wide range of 3D printers.

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CHAPTER-4

IMPLEMENTATION

The implementation of the solar-powered UV LED water purification system involves

several critical steps, from assembling the components to testing and deploying the
system. This section details each step of the process to ensure clarity and
comprehensiveness.

1. Component Assembly

The first step in the implementation process is to gather all necessary components,
including the 6V, 100mA solar panel, the 3.7V, 2000mAh lithium-ion rechargeable
battery, the TP4056 charging module, UV LEDs, the 555 timer IC, resistors, capacitors,
and a pushbutton. Each component is carefully selected for its compatibility and
efficiency within the system.

2. Circuit Design and Construction

The circuit design is crucial for ensuring that all components work together seamlessly.
The solar panel is connected to the TP4056 charging module, which manages the
charging of the lithium-ion battery. The output from the TP4056 module is connected
to the 3.7V lithium-ion battery, ensuring it is charged efficiently by the solar energy
captured.

The UV LEDs are connected to the output of the 555 timer IC, which is configured in
monostable mode to control the on/off cycles of the LEDs. Specific resistors and
capacitors are chosen to set the desired timing delay, such as a 470μF capacitor and a
638 kΩ resistor for a 5-minute delay. The pushbutton is connected to the trigger pin of
the 555 timer, allowing manual initiation of the purification cycle.

3. Bottle and Cap Design

To ensure the UV LEDs effectively purify the water within the bottle, a custom-
designed bottle and cap are essential. Using Solid Edge software, a 3D model of the
bottle and cap is created with precise dimensions. The diameter of the cap is designed
to be 80mm with a height of 60mm. Other sections of the cap and bottle body have

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been dimensioned to fit the UV LEDs and the electronic components securely, ensuring
there are no leaks and that the UV light can effectively reach all parts of the water
inside the bottle. The detailed design process includes specifying the dimensions for
various sections to ensure a perfect fit and functionality.

Fig 4.1 Design of bottle body and cap in Solid Edge software

Fig 4.2 Final 3D printing Output

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4. Testing and Calibration

After constructing the circuit, the system undergoes rigorous testing and calibration.
The TP4056 module's charging efficiency is tested by exposing the solar panel to
sunlight and monitoring the battery's charge. The 555 timer circuit is tested by pressing
the pushbutton and verifying the UV LEDs turn on for the designated duration. If the
timing delay is not accurate, adjustments to the resistor and capacitor values are made.

The UV LEDs' effectiveness in purifying water is tested by exposing water samples to

the UV light and conducting microbial tests before and after exposure. This ensures the
LEDs effectively neutralize harmful microorganisms.

6. Deployment

The system is deployed in a real-world environment where there is adequate sunlight

exposure to ensure efficient battery charging. The user is instructed on operating the
system, including pressing the pushbutton to start the purification cycle. Regular
monitoring is conducted to ensure the system operates as expected, and any issues are
promptly addressed.

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CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Conclusion

The solar-powered UV LED water purification system offers a practical solution for
providing safe drinking water in remote and off-grid locations. By utilizing solar
energy, the system ensures a sustainable and continuous power supply for the UV
LEDs, which effectively neutralize harmful microorganisms in the water. The
integration of a 555 timer IC allows for controlled on/off cycles of the LEDs,
conserving battery power and enhancing efficiency. The custom-designed bottle and
cap, created using Solid Edge software, ensure effective UV light distribution
throughout the water. This project demonstrates an efficient, reliable, and user-friendly
approach to water purification, leveraging renewable energy and advanced technology
to address a critical need.

Future Scope

The solar-powered UV LED water purification system has significant potential for
future enhancements and applications. One area of focus is increasing the efficiency of
the solar panel and charging module, which would ensure faster and more effective
battery charging even in low-light conditions. Scaling the system to purify larger
volumes of water could involve incorporating more powerful UV LEDs, multiple sets
of LEDs, and larger or additional solar panels and batteries.

Integrating smart features such as IoT connectivity could enable remote monitoring and
control, allowing users to track the purification process, battery levels, and system
performance in real-time via a mobile app or web interface. Adding sensors, such as
water quality sensors, would allow the system to automate the purification process
based on detected contaminant levels, making it more autonomous and responsive.

Further development of a portable and compact design would enhance usability for
outdoor activities, emergency situations, and field operations. Exploring advanced
battery technologies or integrating energy storage solutions like supercapacitors could

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extend the system's operational life, ensuring prolonged usage without frequent
recharging.

Using advanced materials for the bottle and cap could improve durability and resistance
to environmental factors, while ergonomic design improvements could make the
system more user-friendly. Reducing the cost of components and manufacturing
processes would make the system more affordable and accessible to a broader
audience, especially in developing regions where access to clean water is critical.

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REFERENCES

1. Malayeri, A. H., et al. (2016). "Mechanisms by which UV light inactivates

pathogens in water: A comprehensive review." Journal of Water and Health, 14(2),
123-135. (Date : 06/06/2024)
2. Bowker, C., Sain, A., Shatalov, M., & Dukovic, J. O. (2011). "UV LEDs: Progress
and potential for UV water disinfection applications." Water Research, 45(3), 1481-
1489.(Date : 03/06/2024)
3. Hamidi, S., Moghaddam, A. R., & Taheri, H. (2017). "Solar energy utilization for
water purification systems in off-grid areas." Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 72, 1234-1243.(Date : 05/06/2024)
4. Zhang, Q. (2011). "Advancements in lithium-ion battery technology for renewable
energy storage." Journal of Power Sources, 196(8), 3971-3976. (Date :11/07/2024)
5. TP4056 Datasheet. "TP4056 Lithium-Ion Battery Charger IC with Protection."
Retrieved from [link].(Date :04/07/2024)
6. Venkateswaran, A. (2008). "The 555 Timer Applications Sourcebook with
Experiments." Burlington, MA: Elsevier. (Date :11/07/2024)
7. Oppenheimer, J. A., et al. (2001). "Testing the efficacy of UV LEDs in inactivating
various microorganisms in water." Water Science and Technology, 43(10), 151-
158. (Date : 06/06/2024)

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