A REPORT ON INTERNSHIP

INDEX:
• COMPANY PROFILE
• VISION
• MISSION
• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVES OF IN-PLANT TRAINING
• DESCRITION OF THE COMPANY

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COMPANY PROFILE

Company Name Government Tool Room and

Training Centre

Management Type Government

Business Type Manufacture & Training

Establish 2008

Nature of Business Training centre

Director H.RAGHAVENDRA IRPS

Address Shed No. B-467 to 474, Industrial

Estate ,Gokul Road,Taluk-Hubli

Email www.karunadu.gov.in/gttc

Phone 0836-2333158

Permanent Institute ID 1-465683671

Parent Organization GTTC

VISION: To emerge as an International Centre of Excellence in Training Production, R&D

and Consultancy Services related to Tooling & Precision Manufacturing –from Concept to End
Product.

MISSION: To continuously improve the skills in training, Develop innovative Process to

optimize Production using Latest Facilities/Methodologies. Trends, Techniques to meet all
Stake Holder Needs and be the Leader.

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INTRODUCTION:

In plant training will provide an industrial exposure to the students as well as to develop in
the high tech industrial requirements. Reputed companies are providing in-plant training to
students.

In–plant Training refers to a program which aims to provide supervised practical training
with spiced timeframe .This training can be carried out either in government organization or
in private sector.

In-plant training is a programmer for graduates that gives them an opportunity to exposure
themselves in the real career world so as to they will learn how to relate theoretical learning
before and practical in work environment.

OBJECTIVES OF IN-PLANT TRAINING:

⮚ To get an industrial exposure.

⮚ To be aware of the happening in a practical industrial.

⮚ To achieve knowledge about different sectors in the market for making a choice as
to which go for.
⮚ To learn functioning and operations of different of departments in an organization.
⮚ To get knowledge about the working culture of the organization.

⮚ To have knowledge about the huge management practices and get the practical knowledge
of what we have studied.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY:
“Its precision that makes the world go round”
A premier Tool Room and Training Centre established in 1998 by the state Government of
Karnataka approved by AICTE. India with assistance of the Government of Denmark has
extensive facilities in Tool making and Training. Government tool and Training Centre
(GTTC) is a modern tool room and training center with state-of-art equipment, machinery and
inspection facilities to meet the complex needs of discerning customers.

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GTTC is committed to achieve customer satisfaction in quality and delivery of tool

engineering education, services and precision machining.

GTTC has acquired mastery in Tool Engineering and vast experience in conducting well
structured, practical oriented training programs leading to post graduation, diplomas and
certificates.

Realizing the need to update and upgrade the skills of existing technical personnel in
industry, GTTC conducts a number of short term programs in tool design, advanced
manufacturing techniques, design analysis and programming for manufacture and other
aspect of manufacturing.

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CONTENTS
Chapter 1 - Introduction, Block diagram and Remaining Theory topics

Chapter 2 - User Interface

2.1 -Frontend - HTML, CSS, BOOTSTRAP

2.2 -Backend - Python, Flask.

2.3 -WEB PAGES designing code, Screen Shots

Chapter 3 - Controller Module

3.1-explain the Microcontroller, sensors and

actuators 3.2- Arduino IDE

1) IR Photo sensor

2) Ultrasonic sensor

3) Relay Module

4) PIR sensor

5) Magnetic sensor (Floating & Door)

6) Liquid Crystal Display (16x2)

7) DHT11

8) Bluetooth Module

9) RFID

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1. INTERNET OF THINGS
The Internet of Things (IOT) describes the network of physical objects “things” that
are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting
and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range
from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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ARCHITECTURE:

Sensors:

● Sensors are the physical information collection sites which basically are devices that sense
and record physical information and further is given to processors to compute the data
accordingly.
● Different types of sensors are manufactured and fabricated for modern day solutions.

Processors:

● Processors are the brain of the IoT system. Their main function is to process the data
captured by the sensors and process them so as to extract the valuable data from the
enormous amount of raw data collected. In a word, we can say that it gives intelligence to
the data.
● Processors mostly work on a real-time basis and can be easily controlled by applications.
These are also responsible for securing the data – that is performing encryption and
decryption of data.

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● Embedded hardware devices, microcontroller, etc are the ones that process the data
because they have processors attached to it.
Gateways:

● Gateways are responsible for routing the processed data and send it to proper locations for
its (data) proper utilization.
● In other words, we can say that gateway helps in to and fro communication of the data.
● It provides network connectivity to the data. Network connectivity is essential for any
IoT system to communicate.
● LAN, WAN, PAN, etc are examples of network gateways.

Applications:

● Applications form another end of an IoT system. Applications are essential for proper
utilization of all the data collected.
● These cloud-based applications which are responsible for rendering the effective meaning
to the data collected. Applications are controlled by users and are a delivery point of
particular services.
● Examples of applications are home automation apps, security systems, industrial control
hub, etc.
The extensive set of applications for IoT devices] is often divided into consumer, commercial,
industrial, and infrastructure spaces.

Consumer applications:
A growing portion of IoT devices are created for consumer use, including connected
vehicles, home automation, wearable technology, connected health, and appliances with
remote monitoring capabilities.

Smart home:
IoT devices are a part of the larger concept of home automation, which can include lighting,
heating and air conditioning, media and security systems and camera systems. Long-term
benefits could include energy savings by automatically ensuring lights and electronics are
turned off or by making the residents in the home aware of usage.

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Elder care:
One key application of a smart home is to provide assistance for those with disabilities and
elderly individuals. These home systems use assistive technology to accommodate an owner's
specific disabilities.]Voice control can assist users with sight and mobility limitations while
alert systems can be connected directly to cochlear implants worn by hearing- impaired users.

Medical and healthcare:

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an application of the IoT for medical and health
related purposes, data collection and analysis for research, and monitoring. The IoMT has
been referenced as "Smart Healthcare" ,as the technology for creating a digitized healthcare
system, connecting available medical resources and healthcare services.

Advances in plastic and fabric electronics fabrication methods have enabled ultra-low cost,
use-and-throw IoMT sensors. These sensors, along with the required RFID electronics, can
be fabricated on paper or e-textiles for wireless powered disposable sensing devices.
Applications have been established for point-of-care medical diagnostics, where portability and
low system-complexity is essential.

Industrial applications:
Also known as IIoT, industrial IoT devices acquire and analyses data from connected
equipment, operational technology (OT), locations and people. Combined with operational
technology (OT) monitoring devices, IIoT helps regulate and monitor industrial systems.

Also, the same implementation can be carried out for automated record updates of asset
placement in industrial storage units as the size of the assets can vary from a small screw
till the whole motor spare part ETC.

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2. USER INTERFACE
2.1 FRONT END

HTML:
HTML is short for Hypertext Markup Language.HTML is used to create electronic documents
(called pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web. HTML code ensures the proper
formatting of text and images for any Internet Browser. Without HTML, a browser would not
know how to display text as elements or load images or other elements. HTML also provides a
basic structure of the page, upon which Cascading style sheets are overlaid to change its
appearance.

HTML Page Structure:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Heading</h1>
<p> Paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>

• The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document

• The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page

• The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page

• The<title>element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's
title bar or in the page's tab)

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• The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the
visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.

• The <h1> element defines a large heading.

• The <p> element defines a paragraph.

USES of HTML:

HTML is a markup language heavily utilized for creating web pages and web applications.
HTML, when combined with JavaScript and CSS, has become a milestone for web
development. One of the useful aspects of HTML is, it can embed programs written in a
scripting language like JavaScript, which is responsible for affecting the behavior and content
of web pages. CSS inclusion would affect the layout and appearance of the content. The basic
building blocks of any HTML pages are HTML elements. A structured document can be
created with the help of structuralsemantic text like heading, paragraph, list, link, and other
items. Browser indeed does not display the HTML tags but utilize them to interpret the
content of the page. One needs to study various tags and then understand their behavior.

HTML is used for a web document, internet navigation, etc. In this Uses of HTML article, we
shall focus on top Uses of HTML.

Top 10 Uses of HTML

1. Web pages development

HTML is heavily used for creating pages that are displayed on the World Wide Web. Every page
contains a set of HTML tags, including hyperlinks which are used for connecting to other pages.
Every page that we witness on the World Wide Web is written using a version of HTML code.

2. Web document Creation

Document creation on the internet is dominated by HTML and its basic concept via tag and
DOM, i.e. document object model. HTML tags are inserted before and afterwards or phrases
to locate their format and location on the page. A web document consists of three sections:

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title, head, and body. Head includes the information to identify the document, including title
and any other important keyword. A title can be seen on the browser’s bar, and the body
section is the main portion of the website visible to the viewer.

All three segments are designed and created by the uses of HTML tags. Every section has its
own specific set of tags, which are dedicatedly rendered, keeping the head, title and body
concepts in a loop.

3. Internet navigation

This is one of the most important uses of HTML, which is revolutionary. This navigation is
possible by utilizing the concept of Hypertext. It is basically a text which refers to other web
pages or text, and when the user clicks on it, would navigate to referenced text or page. HTML
is heavily used to embed the hyperlink within the web pages. A user can easily navigate the
web pages and between websites as well, located on different servers.

4. Cutting edge feature

HTML5, with its set of standards and API, is being used to introduce some of the latest trends in
the website creation business. Like polyfoil libraries, which are supported by old browsers equally
well. Browser like Google Chrome is the perfect choice when it comes to implementing an
HTML5 latest set of standards and APIs. A JavaScript library is available called Modernizer,
which can detect features that let the developer dynamically load polyfoil libraries as required.

5. Responsive images on web pages

At the elementary level in applications of HTML, queries can be set to utilize the images, which
are responsive in nature. With the secret attribute of image element in HTML and combining it
with picture elements, a developer can fully control how the user will render an image. Now
different types of an image with size variation can be loaded by using the image element. Rules
can be easily set with the picture element; we can declare the image element with the default
source, and then for every case, a source can be provided.

6. Client-side storage

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Earlier, a user could not save the user’s browser data that would persist across sessions. To meet
this requirement, server-side infrastructure has to be built, or user’s cookies can be used. But with
HTML5, client-side storage is feasible using local Storage and Index DB. These two strategies
have their own standards and features. Local Storage basically gives string-based hash- table
storage. Its API is very simple and provides the developer with set Item, get Item, and remove
Item methods. Index DB, on the other hand, is a larger and better client-side data store.
Index DB database can be expanded with the user’s permission.

7. Offline capabilities usage

Once data can be stored in the browser, the developer can think of a strategy to make the
application work when a user is disconnected. HTML5 has its application cache mechanism, which
would define how the browser manages the offline situation. Application cache, responsible for
offline ability, comprises different components, including API methods that create an update, read
manifest file, and events. By using the certain property in HTML5, a developer can check if the
application is online or not. A developer can also specify in the website’s application cache
manifest file the information, like what browser manages resources for offline use. In the manifest
file, resources that are available offline can also be specified.

8. Data Entry support with HTML

HTML5 standard and set of APIs can be used to support data entry level of work. As browsers
implement new HTML5 standards, developers can simply add the tags to the tag, indicating
required fields, text, data format, etc. HTML5 has come up with several new attributes to drive on-
screen keyboards, validation, and other data-entry experiences so that end-user can have a better
data entry.

9. Game development usage

Before the advent of HTML5, game development was an exclusive domain of Flash and
Silverlight. Since browsers support new specifications for HTML5, including CSS3 and light-fast
JavaScript engine to drive a new rich experience, HTML5 can bring the reality of game
development possible, which was earlier the forte of Flash and Silverlight. Every feature of APIs
needs not to be implemented, but the most appropriate ones can be utilized while eliminating the

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rest of the features.

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10.Native APIs usage to enrich a website

HTML5 adds so many new abilities and tools, which was just an imagination in the past. A
large set of new APIs regarding file system, Geolocation, drag and drop, event handling,
client- storage etc., are the capabilities that make usage of HTML5 more easier than ever
before. Application experience can be enhanced with other APIs like Fullscreen, Visibility and
Media Capture. A modern web application has asynchronous nature, which can be fostered
using Web sockets and Web workers like APIs.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>PAGE TITLE</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> IOT & ML</h1>
<p> Internet of things And Machine Learning</p>
</body>
</html>

CSS:
What is CSS?

a. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

b. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in
other media
c. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
d. External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

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CSS Syntax:

H1 {color : blue ; font-size : 12px; }

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Selector Property value Property value

• The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

• The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons. Each
declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.
• Multiple CSS declarations are separated with semicolons, and declaration blocks are
surrounded by curly braces.

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Example

In this example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text
color: p { color: red; text-align: center; }
A. p is a selector in CSS (it points to the HTML element you want to style: <p>).
B. color is a property, and red is the property value
C. text-align is a property, and center is the property value

Top Uses of CSS

1. Compatibility

While using CSS, a user can be stress-free with its older language versions as it is well
compatible even with the older versions. Because of this, even if the applications of CSS is
developed in some older version of programming language and if the developers integrate
the same with new enhancements then CSS can be easily incorporated and implemented
with those changes easily. So, the changes associated with the predecessor of CSS, need not
be removed and a developer can update the existing code successfully.

2. E-Commerce Domain

Uses of CSS has played a very important role in the E-Commerce Domain. There is a different
scale of industries present in the E-Commerce domain and CSS has helped the application
frameworks styling and look-views which are used from small to large scale industries. CSS
styling can be used to associate directly with the e-commerce web. Also, different add-ins and
library files that are present can be modified and updated by CSS libraries and use while
creating the web applications, and the source codes associated with it can be implemented by
uses of CSS in the HTML framework to develop e-commerce web platform from the scratch.

3. Website Maintenance

Another most common reason, why the uses of CSS are important? CSS plays a very important
role while performing website maintenance. It makes website maintenance much easier. The
CSS file makes the website look and feels more flexible and it can be altered in a more
convenient manner. Because of which, website maintenance becomes more convenient from the
development perspective.

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4. Social Media Impact

Uses of CSS in HTML frameworks are also incorporated with the social media website
developments as well. Facebook applications can directly correlate with the corresponding
frameworks. The HTML client library files can be implemented based on CSS stylings to
develop the application and can work on different extensions. These social media-based
platforms can be inter-related with the frameworks and can be used to develop few
enhancements from the end user’s perspective. Thus, the CSS styling and updating the user
interphase becomes easier and this creates a direct impact on the social media platforms.

5. Web-based Online Community and UI Approach

Based on the current standard, to develop any web-based application or any online
community, the application of CSS can be implemented in different ways. There are
different style sheet frameworks present in CSS and those can be implemented easily over
here. Using CSS, the styling of the own online community can be developed. There are
also different add-ins present and those can be incorporated by the uses of CSS
frameworks to develop the look and feel of the web-based community.

6. Easy Accessibility
From the accessibility point of view, applications of CSS provides much better solutions
that allow users to update the user interphase to suit the business requirements. It also
allows the web pages to be easily rendered by different devices like speaking browsers,
PDAs etc. This actually provides a much deeper impact while considering the look and
feel modification of a web page from the end-user and business perspective.

7. Image File Handling

In the case of image handling, uses of CSS provides the styling Library, and this helps to
output images along with the XML to the browser. Initially, it was a bit difficult to update
and style the existing image. But now using the CSS files, output images can be received in
different formats like jpeg, png, and gif and this can be modified to the specified styling
formats as per the requirement. This feature will also allow editing different image types
and is also used to create thumbnails, watermarks, image cropping etc.

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8. Handling Dynamic Website Templates

Dynamic Website Templates can be created and handled by uses of CSS in the HTML
framework and it basically helps while adding and editing web pages and elements to the
web server and sites. By adding CSS extension to the concerned HTML pages and
incorporating the same with the server-side templates, it makes easier to handle the
dynamically allocated elements. So, using these templates the handling of dynamic
elements can be more organized and properly implemented by CSS frameworks. These
elements can also be used to style the pages in a dynamic pattern while using the CSS
templates.

9. Handling Flash Animation and Effects

With the help of CSS Flash files, flash elements can be directly placed and handled on the
website.There is a presence of inbuilt frameworks and styling sheets in CSS which can be
used and to handle the situation. The animations can be directly created, and effects can be
updated using the frameworks. The required flash files can be processed and implemented to
create movies and animation in the web pages with the help of properties.

10. End-User and Server-side Representation

CSS files can directly interact with the user end server-side response and can be used for
web server-side interphase styling purposes. This allows for producing better web

representation from the end user’s perspective.

BOOTSTRAP:
• Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web development

• Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS based design templates for typography, forms,

buttons, tables, navigation, modals, image carousels and many other, as well as optional

JavaScript plugins • Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create responsive

design.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

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<html lang="en">

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<head>
<title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial- scale=1">

<linkrel="stylesheet"href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap

.min.css">

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.mi n.js"></script>

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.0/umd/ popper.min.js">

</script>

<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

<h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>

<p>This is some text.</p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

• Bootstrap 4 uses HTML elements and CSS properties that require the HTML5 doctype.

• Bootstrap 4 is mobile-first i.e Bootstrap 4 is designed to be responsive to mobile

devices. Mobile-first styles are part of the core framework.

• To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, add the following <meta>tag inside the
<head>element.

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2.2 BACK
END Python:
What is Python?
Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and
released in 1991. It is used for:
 web development (server-side),
 software development,
 mathematics,
 system scripting.
What can Python do?
 Python can be used on a server to create web applications.
 Python can be used alongside software to create workflows.
 Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and modify files.  Python can
be used to handle big data and perform complex mathematics.  Python can be used for
rapid prototyping, or for production-ready software development.

Example:

>>>name=”Jarvis”

>>>greeting=”Hello”

>>>print(greeting + name + “have a nice day.”)

Output: Hello Jarvis have a nice day.

Uses of Python:
1. Applications
Python can be used to develop different applications like web applications, graphic user
interface based applications, software development application, scientific and numeric
applications, network programming, Games and 3D applications and other business
applications. It makes an interactive interface and easy development of applications.

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2. Multiple Programming paradigms

It is also used because of its providing continuous support to several programming

paradigms as it supports object-oriented programming and structured programming. Python
has features, which also support various concepts of functional programming language. It is
used for dynamic type system and automatic memory management. Python language
features and programming paradigms allow you for developing small as well as large
applications. It can be used for complex software applications.

3. Robust Standard Library

It has a large and robust standard library to use for developing applications. It also makes
the developers use Python over other languages. The standard library helps you use the
different range of modules available for Python, as this module helps you add the
functionality without writing any more code. To get the information about various
modules, documentation on the python standard library can be referred to. While
developing any web application, implementing web services, performing string operations
and other usages like interface protocol, the standard library documentation helps.

4. Compatible with Major Platforms and Systems

It is mainly compatible with major platforms and systems because of which it is used mainly for
developing applications. With the help of python interpreters, python code can be run on
specific platforms and tools as it supports many operating systems. As python is an interpreted
high-level programming language; and it allows you to run the code on multiple platforms. The
new and modified code can be executed without recompiling, and its impact can be monitored
or checked.
It means it’s not required to recompile the code after every change. This feature helps in saving
the development time of the developers.

5. Access of Database

The uses of Python also helps in accessing the database easily. Python helps in customizing the
interfaces of different databases like MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Postgre SQL, and
other databases. It has an object database like Durus and ZODB. It is used for standard database

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API and freely available for download.

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6. Code Readability

Python code is easy to read and maintained. It is easily reusable as well wherever it is
required. Python’s having simple syntax, which allows the different concepts to develop
without
writing any additional code. The code should be of good quality and easy to maintain the
source code and simplify the maintenance, which is required to develop the software
application. It also emphasizes code readability, which is a great feature, unlike other
programming languages. It helps build custom applications, and clean code helps maintain
and update the software applications without putting extra effort into the same code.

7. Simplify Complex Software Development

Applications of Python is used to simplifying the complex software development process as

it is a general-purpose programming language. It is used for developing the complex
application like scientific and numeric application and for both desktop and web
applications. Python has features like analyzing data and visualization, which helps in
creating custom solutions without putting in extra effort and time. It helps you to visualize
and present data in an effective way.

8. Many Open Source Frameworks and Tools

Python is open source and easily available. This also helps in costing software development
significantly. There are many open source applications of python frameworks, libraries, and
development tools for developing the application without putting extra cost. Python
frameworks simplify and make the process faster for web application development, and the
frameworks are Django, Flask, pyramid etc. Python GUI frameworks are available for
developing the GUI based application.

9. Adopt Test Driven Development

Python makes coding easier as well as testing with the help of adopting the Test Driven
Development approach. The test cases can be easily written before any code development.
Whenever the code development started, the written test cases can start testing the code
simultaneously and provides the result. These can also be used for checking or testing the pre-
requirements based on the source code.

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10. Other applications for which python is used

There are other applications for which python is used that are Robotics, web scraping, scripting,
artificial intelligence, data analysis, machine learning, face detection, color detection, 3D CAD
applications, console-based applications, audio-based applications, video-based applications,
enterprise applications, and applications for Images etc. These are some major applications
used.

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FLASK:
Flask is a micro web framework written in Python. It is classified as a micro
framework because it does not require particular tools or libraries. It has no database
abstraction layer, form validation, or any other components where pre-existing third-party
libraries provide common functions. However, Flask supports extensions that can add
application features as if they were implemented in Flask itself. Extensions exist for object-
relational mappers, form validation, upload handling, various open authentication technologies
and several common framework related tools.

Example:

From flask import Flask,

render_template app = Flask(

name ) @app.route("/") def

hello():

return render_template('index.html') #HTML file for index.html has to be created

if name ==" main ":

app.run(debug=True) flask provides you with tools, libraries and technologies that allow you

to build a web application. This web application can be some web pages, a blog, a wiki or go

as big as a

webbased calendar application or a commercial website.

USES of FLASK:

• Flask is mainly developed for web development and hosting in python

• Flask gives the developer varieties of choice when developing web applications

• It provides you with tools, libraries, and mechanics that allow you to build a web
application but it will not enforce any dependencies or tell you how the project should
look like.

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SQLite3:
SQL ( Structured Query Language)is a domain-specific language used in
programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management
system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system
(RDSMS). It is particularly useful in handling structured data, i.e. data incorporating relations
among entities and variables.

SQL offers two main advantages over older read–write APIs such as ISAM or VSAM.
Firstly, it introduced the concept of accessing many records with one single command.
Secondly, it eliminates the need to specify how to reach a record, e.g. with or without an index

Syntax:
SQL syntax comprises of -

Database Tables

A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g.
"Customers" or "Orders"). Tables contain records (rows) with data.

Example:

Customer Customer Contact Address City Postal Country

ID Name Name Code

1
Shrusti Vijay Yadav Belgaum Belgaum 12345 India
Yadav

2
Prachi Bhandare Prachi Chikodi Chikodi 591201 India

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05023 Mexico
3 Valenciya Antonio Mataderos Méxi
Barboza Moreno 2312 co
D.F.

SQL Statements

Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL statements.

SQL Commands:
SELECT - extracts data from a database

UPDATE - updates data in a database

DELETE - deletes data from a database

INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a

database CREATE DATABASE - creates a new

database ALTER DATABASE - modifies a

database CREATE TABLE - creates a new

table

ALTER TABLE - modifies a

table DROP TABLE - deletes a

table

CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search

key) DROP INDEX - deletes an index

USES of SQL:
● SQL can execute queries against a database
● SQL can retrieve data from a database
● SQL can insert records in a database
● SQL can update records in a database
● SQL can delete records from a database
● SQL can create new tables in a database
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● SQL can create stored procedures in a database
● SQL can create views in a database

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 A REPORT ON

2.3 WEB PAGE

HTML CODE:

1) HOME PAGE CODE

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Required meta tags -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-
F3w7mX95PdgyTmZZMECAngseQB83DfGTowi0iMjiWaeVhAn4FJkqJByhZMI3AhiU"
crossorigin="anonymous">
<title>Todos List</title>
</head>

<body>

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark">

<div class="container-fluid">

<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">To Do List</a>

<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse"

data- bstarget="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-
expanded="false"

aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>

</button>

<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">

<ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0">

<li class="nav-item">

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<a
class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">Home</a>

</li>

<li class="nav-item">

<a class="nav-link" href="#">About</a>

</li>

</li>
</ul>
<form class="d-flex">

<input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">

<button class="btn btn-outline-success" type="submit">Search</button>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</nav>

<div class="container my-4">

<h2 class="text-center">To Dos List</h2>

<div class="form-group">
<label for="title" class="form-label">Title</label>

<input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" aria-describedby="emailHelp">

<div id="emailHelp" class="form-text">add the title.</div>

</div>

<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleFormControlTextarea1" class="form-label">Description</label>

<textarea class="form-control" id="description" rows="3"></textarea>

</div>

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<br>

<button id="add" class="btn btn-outline-success">Add To List</button>

<button id="clear" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="clearStorage()">Clear list</button>

<div id="items" class="my-4">

<h2>Your Items</h2>

<table class="table">

<thead>

<tr>

<th scope="col">Sr.NO</th>

<th scope="col">Title</th>

<th scope="col">Description</th>

<th scope="col">Action</th>

</tr>
</thead>

<tbody id="tableBody">

<tr>

<th scope="row">1</th>

<td>JS</td>

<td>learn JS</td>

<td><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">Delete</button></td>

</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

</div>

</div>
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<!-- Optional JavaScript; choose one of the two! -->

<!-- Option 1: Bootstrap Bundle with Popper -->

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
integrity="sha384-
/bQdsTh/da6pkI1MST/rWKFNjaCP5gBSY4sEBT38Q/9RBh9AH40zEOg7Hlq2THRZ"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- Option 2: Separate Popper and Bootstrap JS -->
<!--

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/[email protected]/dist/umd/popper.min.js"
integrity="sha384-
W8fXfP3gkOKtndU4JGtKDvXbO53Wy8SZCQHczT5FMiiqmQfUpWbYdTil/SxwZgAN"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
integrity="sha384skAcpIdS7UcVUC05LJ9Dxay8AXcDYfBJqt1CJ85S/CFujBsIzCIv+l9liuYLaMQ/"

crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
-->

<script>

function getAndUpdate(){
console.log("Updating
List...");
tit = document.getElementById('title').value;
desc =
document.getElementById('description').value; if
(localStorage.getItem('itemsJson')==null){
itemJsonArray = [];
itemJsonArray.push([tit, desc]);
localStorage.setItem('itemsJson', JSON.stringify(itemJsonArray))
}
else{
itemJsonArrayStr =
localStorage.getItem('itemsJson') itemJsonArray =
JSON.parse(itemJsonArrayStr);
itemJsonArray.push([tit, desc]);
localStorage.setItem('itemsJson', JSON.stringify(itemJsonArray))
}
update();
}
function update(){
if (localStorage.getItem('itemsJson')==null)
{ itemJsonArray = [];
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localStorage.setIte
m('itemsJson',

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JSON.stringify(ite
mJsonArray))

}
else{
itemJsonArrayStr =
localStorage.getItem('itemsJson') itemJsonArray =
JSON.parse(itemJsonArrayStr);

// Populate the table

let tableBody =
document.getElementById("tableBody"); let str = "";
itemJsonArray.forEach((element, index) =>
{ str += `

<tr>

<th scope="row">${index + 1}</th>

<td>${element[0]}</td>

<td>${element[1]}</td>

<td><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" onclick="deleted(${index})">Delete</button></td>

</tr>`;

});
tableBody.innerHTML = str;

}
add = document.getElementById("add");
add.addEventListener("click",
getAndUpdate); update();
function deleted(itemIndex){
console.log("Delete",
itemIndex);
itemJsonArrayStr =
localStorage.getItem('itemsJson') itemJsonArray =
JSON.parse(itemJsonArrayStr);

// Delete itemIndex element from the array

itemJsonArray.splice(itemIndex, 1);
localStorage.setItem('itemsJson', JSON.stringify(itemJsonArray));
update();
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function clearStorage(){
if (confirm("Do you areally want to clear?"))
{ console.log('Clearing the storage')
localStorage.clear();
update()

</script>
</body> </html>

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3. CONTROLLER MODULE
3.1 The Controller Module Comprises :

MICROCONTROLLER:
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)
integrated circuit (IC) chip. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores)
along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals.

CONTROLLER:
Block Diagram of ESP 8266 microcontroller:

The ESP8266 uses a 32bit processor with 16 bit instructions. It is Harvard architecture which mostly
means that instruction memory and data memory are completely separate.
The ESP8266 has an on -die program Read-Only Memory (ROM) which includes
some library code and a first stage boot loader. All the rest of the code must be stored in
external Serial flash memory (provides only serial access to the data - rather than addressing
individual bytes, the user reads or writes large contiguous groups of bytes in the address
space serially).
Depending on your ESP8266, the amount of available flash memory can vary. As any
other microcontroller, ESP8266 has a set of GPIO pins (General Purpose Input(Output pins)
that we can use to “control” external sensors.

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Our ESP8266 has 17 GPIO pins but only 11 can be used (among 17 pins, 6 are used
for communication with the on-board flash memory chip). It also has an analog input (to
convert a voltage level into a digital value that can be stored and processed in the ESP8266).

It also has a WIFI communication to connect your ESP8266 to your WIFI network, connect to
the internet, host a web server, let your smartphone connect to it, etc.

Another advantage of an ESP8266 is that it can be programmed as any other microcontroller and especially
any Arduino.

Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as

automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office
machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size
and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and
input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more
devices and processes.

SENSORS:
In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem whose
purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other
electronics, frequently a computer processor. A sensor is always used with other electronics.

Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor)
and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base, besides innumerable applications of
which most people are never aware. With advances in micro machinery and easy-to-use
microcontroller platforms, the uses of sensors have expanded beyond the traditional fields of
temperature, pressure or flow measurement, [1] for example into MARG sensors. Moreover,
analog sensors such as potentiometers and force-sensing resistors are still widely used.

Applications include manufacturing and machinery, airplanes and aerospace, cars,

medicine, robotics and many other aspects of our day-to-day life. There are a wide range of
other sensors, measuring chemical & physical properties of materials. A few examples
include optical sensors for Refractive index measurement, vibrational sensors for fluid
viscosity measurement and electro-chemical sensor for monitoring pH of fluids Sensors
respond to some type of the input from the environment such as heat, light, motion,
temperature, pressure

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and moisture. Sensors are used to switch currents and voltages. Every sensor has three
terminals: VCC, GND and output

Actuator:
An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and
controlling a mechanism or system, for example by opening a valve. In simple terms, it is a
"mover".

An actuator requires a control signal and a source of energy. The control signal is relatively
low energy and may be electric voltage or current, pneumatic, or hydraulic fluid pressure, or
even human power. Its main energy source may be an electric current, hydraulic pressure, or
pneumatic pressure. When it receives a control signal, an actuator responds by converting the
source's energy into mechanical motion. In the electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic sense, it is a
form of automation or automatic control.

In engineering, actuators are frequently used as mechanisms to introduce motion, or to

clamp an object so as to prevent motion. In electronic engineering, actuators are a
subdivision of transducers. They are devices which transform an input signal (mainly an
electrical signal) into some form of motion.

3.2 Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application

(for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and C++.It is used to write
and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of third-party
cores, other vendor development boards.

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 A REPORT ON
The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.

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 A REPORT ON
The
Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring.
The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many
common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions,
for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a
program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain,
also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to
convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the
Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware. By default, avrdude is used as
the uploading tool to flash the user code onto official Arduino boards.

With the rising popularity of Arduino as a software platform, other vendors started to
implement custom open source compilers and tools (cores) that can build and upload
sketches to other microcontrollers that are not supported by Arduino's official line of
microcontrollers.

It connects to the Arduino and Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate
with them.

Arduino uses its own programming language, which is similar to C++. However, it's possible
to use Arduino with Python or another high-level programming language. In fact, platforms
like Arduino work well with Python, especially for applications that require integration with
sensors and other physical devices.

What is the ESP8266?

ESP8266 is the name of an infamous WiFi module that is a system on a chip (SoC)
developed by Espressif Systems, a company based in Shanghai. Originally used with Arduino
boards to WiFi- enable hardware projects, it soon became a cheap standalone
Arduinocompatible development board. It can function in complete autonomy, without an
additional microcontroller like Arduino board for example. Home automation and IOT –
connecting devices to a network is one ever- growing, big trend nowadays. Given its cheap
price, the user friendly setup, and its huge community that contributes with open source
libraries and projects, you will immediately see why this chip is receiving so much interest.
This mcu (microcontroller unit) can be used to control and monitor engineered systems
and products, sensor data logging and more. All of this makes it the perfect piece of hardware
for connected home automation projects. It comes in many shapes and forms, with the Node

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Mcu (with the newest ESP8266-E12 chip) being the most popualar development board among
them.

Image: Node Mcu development board is the most popular ESP8266 variant.

ESP8266: Specifications:
All ESP8266 variants have a ESP8266EX core processor and a Tensilica L106 32-bit
micro controller unit. This is a low cost, high performance, low power consumption, easy to
program, wireless SoC(System-On-Chip). It provides capabilities for 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11
b/g/n, supporting WPA/WPA2), general-purpose input/output (13 GPIO), Inter-Integrated
Circuit (I²C), analog-to-digital conversion (10-bit ADC), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), I²S
interfaces with DMA (sharing pins with GPIO), UART (on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only
UART can be enabled on GPIO2), and pulse-width modulation (PWM).
It has a build-in programmer and a voltage regulator that allow flashing and powering
the device via micro-USB. The system operates at 3.3V.
Here is an overview of the ESP8266 NodeMcu’s specifications:
• Tensilica L106 32-bit micro controller unit at 80 MHz (or overclocked to 160 MHz)
• 32 kB instruction RAM
• 80 kB user data RAM
• 16 kB ETS system data RAM
• Flash Memory 4Mb
• USB – micro USB port for power, programming and debugging
• 13 GPIO pins
• 802.11 b/g/n, supporting WPA/WPA2
• STA / AP modes support
• TCP / IP protocol stack, One socket
• TCP / UDP Server and Client
• Serial port baud rate
configuration: 1200/2400/4800/9600/19200/38400/57600/74800/115200 bps
• Pin-compatible with Arduino UNO, Mega

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• KEY button: modes configuration

• 32-bit hardware timer
• WiFi operation current: continuous transmission operation: ≈70mA (200mA MAX),
deep sleep mode: <3mA
• Serial WiFi transmission rate: 110-460800bps
• Temperature: -40℃ ~ + 125 ℃
• Humidity: 10%-90% non-condensing
• Weight: about 20g (0.7oz)
• Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)
• Interrupt capability

1) IR Photo Sensor:

Arduino Code:
const int led=D6;
const
int
IR=D7;
void
setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600)
;
pinMode(led,OUTPUT); pinMode(IR,INPUT);
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 A REPORT ON

void
loop()
{
Serial.println(digitalRead(IR)
); if (digitalRead(IR))
{ digitalWrite(led,LOW);
} digitalWrite(led,HIGH
); delay(1000);
}

Result:

Controller LED indicates the presence or absence of an object and the result is printed in serial monitor
i.e. 1:no objects present, 0:objects present.

Application:

● IR sensors are used in radiation thermometers to measure the temperature depending upon
the temperature and the material of the object.

● Uses in Television Remotes.IR image device is one of the major applications of IR waves,
primarily by virtue of its property that is not visible. It is used for thermal imagers, night
vision devices.

● These types of devices are used for detecting the light emitted from the flames and to
monitor how the flames are burning. Etc.

2) Ultrasonic Sensor:

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Arduino Code:
const int trg=5; const
int ech=16; long
duration; int
distance; void
setup()
{
pinMode(trg,OUTPUT);

pinMode(ech,INPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
} void loop() {
digitalWrite(trg,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trg,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trg,LOW);
duration=pulseIn(ech,HIGH)
;
distance=duration*(0.034/2);
if(distance<50)
{
Serial.println("in border"); delay(1000);
} if(distance>50)
{
Serial.println("out of territory"); delay(1000);
}
}
Result:
The ultrasonic sensor detects any object present in the range and print message in the serial
monitor on basis of conditions given, in this case

“In Border” - for objects in range of 50cm

“Out of territory” - for objects beyond 50
cm.

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Application:
● Ultrasonic sensors can measure the distance to a wide range of objects regardless of shape, color or
surface texture.

● Ultrasonic sensors can be applied to the manufacturing process for automated process control on
the factory floor while also being an indispensable tool for companies
to maximize efficiency through precise measurement and control.

● Anti-Collision Detection

● People Detection

● Contouring or Profiling

● Presence Detection

● Box Sorting using a Multi-Transducer System

● Easy Control of Trash Collection Vehicles.

3) Relay Module:

Arduino Code:

const int relay=5;

const int trg=0;
const int ech=4;
long duration;

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 A REPORT ON
int

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distance;

void setup() {
pinMode(trg,OUTPUT);
pinMode(ech,INPUT);
pinMode(relay,OUTPUT
); Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
digitalWrite(trg,LOW)
;
delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(trg,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trg,LOW);
duration=pulseIn(ech,HIGH);
distance=duration*(0.034/2); if(distance<50)
{

digitalWrite(relay,LOW);
delay(600);
} if(distance>50)

{ digitalWrite(relay,HIGH)

; delay(600);
}
}

Result:
The ultrasonic sensor detects any object present in the range and then send the signal to the Relay
according to the conditions. If the object is in

“Border” - for objects in range of 50cm the relay goes high.

“Out of territory” - for objects beyond 50 cm the relay

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 A REPORT ON
goeslow.

Applications:

Relays are used for isolating a low voltage circuit from high voltage circuit.

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 A REPORT ON

a. They are used for controlling multiple circuits.

b. They are also used as automatic change over.
c. Microprocessors use relays to control a heavy electrical load.

4) PIR Sensor:

Arduino Code:
constint pir=D7; const int led=D6;
void setup() {
pinMode(pir,INPUT);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
if(digitalRead(pir)
)
{

digitalWrite(led,LOW);
Serial.println("Object Motion Detected" ); delay(100);
}

else {

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 A REPORT ON

digitalWrite(led,HIGH)

;
Serial.println("Object Motion Not Detected"); delay(100);

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 A REPORT ON

Result:
The above code prints a message “Object Motion Detected”,when the PIR detects any
object moving around its range and “Object Motion Not Detected” when there is no motion
in the range of PIR and the LED indicates the same.

Applications of PIR:

PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has
moved in or out of the sensor's range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use
and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used
in homes or businesses.

5) Magnetic Sensor:

i) Floating Sensor: ii) Door Sensor:

Arduino Code:
const int Mag=2; int
buttonState; void
setup()
{

Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(FloatSensor,

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 A REPORT ON

}
INPUT_PULLUP);

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 A REPORT ON

void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead(FloatSensor); if
(buttonState == HIGH)
{

Serial.println( "HIGH");

}
else {

Serial.println( “ LOW" );

}
delay(1000);

}
Result:
The above code prints message on serial monitor “HIGH” or “LOW” with respect to the state
of the magnetic Sensor.

Applications:
The Float sensor can be used in case of water or oil containers to display messages like
“Empty” or “Not Empty” according to conditions. The Door Sensor can be used for Doors to
display messages like “Opened Door” or “Closed Door”.

6) Liquid Crystal Display:

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 A REPORT ON

The LCD is connected to the I2C module and the complete module is connected to the Microcontroller.

Arduino Code:
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 162); void setup()
{ Wire.begin(2,0); lcd.init(); // initializing the
LCD lcd.backlight(); lcd.print(" Hello World");
// Start Printing
} void loop(){
}

Result:

The message “Hello World” gets displayed on the LCD.

Applications:
LCDs are used in a wide range of applications, including LCD televisions, computer
monitors, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage. The
LCDs are commonly used in all the digital wrist watches for displaying time.

7) DHT 11:

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 A REPORT ON

Arduino Code:

#include <DHT.h>
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11 DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("DHTx
x test!")); dht.begin();

} void loop() { delay(2000); float h =

dht.readHumidity(); float t =

dht.readTemperature():

float f= dht.readTemperature(true):
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) || isnan(f))

Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!")): return;

float hif = dht.computeHeatIndex(f, h);

float hic = dht.computeHeatIndex(t, h,

false);

Serial.print(F("Humidity:
")); Serial.print(h);

Serial.print(F("% Temperature:
")); Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(F("°C
"));
Serial.print(f);

Serial.print(F("°F Heat index:

")); Serial.print(hic);
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 A REPORT ON
Serial.print(F("°C "));

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 A REPORT ON

Serial.print(hif);
Serial.println(F("°F"));
}

Result: The module prints Temperature, Humidity and Heat Index in the Serial
Monitor.

Application:

DHT 11 Sensors are widely used in Domestic as well as industrial use for temperature and humidity
monitoring.

8) BLUETOOTH Module:

Arduino Code:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerialbtSerial(D2,
D3); Rx,Tx int led = D4; int
ledState
= LOW;

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 A REPORT ON

String ledB = ""; unsigned long

previousMillis = 0; const long
interval = 500; void setup() {
delay(1000);
Serial.begin(9600);
btSerial.begin(9600);
pinMode(D4, OUTPUT);
Serial.println("Started...");
}

void loop() {
if (btSerial.available() > 0)
{ char data =
btSerial.read(); switch
(data)
{

case 'B': ledB

=
"blink"; break;
case 'S'
:
ledB = "stop";
break; default: break;

}
unsigned long currentMillis =
millis(); if (ledB == "blink") {
Serial.println("blinking started");
if (currentMillis
- previousMillis>= interval) {
previousMillis = currentMillis;
if (ledState == LOW)
{ ledState = HIGH;

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} else { ledState =
LOW;
}

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digitalWrite(led, ledState);

}
}

Result:

HC 05 is connected to a mobile with suitable Bluetooth terminal app, data is Sent and
Received from Bluetooth connected devices through this module.

Applications:

Bluetooth Finds its various applications in areas like:

a. laptops, notebooks and wireless PCs.

b. mobile phones and PDAs (personal digital assistant)printers.

c. wireless headsets.

d. wireless PANs (personal area networks) and even LANs (local area networks)
e. To transfer data files, videos, and images and MP3 or MP4.

9) RFID Module:

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Arduino Code:
#include <SPI.h>

#include<MFRC522.h

> #define RST_PIN D3

#define SS_PIN D8

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); void setup()

{
Serial.begin(9600) ; SPI.begin();
mfrc522.PCD_Init();
mfrc522.PCD_DumpVersionToSerial()
;

Serial.println(F("Scan PICC to see UID, SAK, type, and data blocks..."));

} void loop() {
if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())

{ return; } if (
!
mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial
()) { return;
}
mfrc522.PICC_DumpToSerial(&(mfrc522.uid));
}

Result:
On Execution of the code the RFID module is able to read Data from various RFID supporting
cards or devices.

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Applications:

RFID module finds applications in wide areas like

• Logistics & Supply Chain Visibility. Winning in the supply chain means increasing efficiency,
reducing errors, and improving quality.
• Item Level Inventory Tracking
• Race Timing
• Attendee Tracking
• Materials Management

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 CONCLUSION

It is necessary for an organization to compete in the fluctuating market and to be

profitable one. Profit always comes when goods are produced with maximum productivity cost
reduction proper training. This can be achieved through optimum use of resources available in
the organization and also by optimizing the time involved in every element of the process.
Non- productive time should be eliminated wherever possible in order to increase productivity.

Solid works software is utilized to provide some useful and practical designing
software that will allow users to visualize as well as create prototypes of a product in reality
and quick time.

Solid works software allows developers to give form to their out of the box ideas.
However, GTTC were successful in giving in-depth knowledge and understanding of the entire
software and its basic as well as important features.

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