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Exercices Sheet 1 - Algebra 1 - 2023_24

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8 views3 pages

Exercices Sheet 1 - Algebra 1 - 2023_24

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samizn019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Saad Dahlab Blida 1 Faculty of Technology

First-Year Engineering Academic Year 2023/2024

Algebra 1 - Exercise Sheet No. 1


Logic, Sets, Relations and Functions

• Exercise 1.

1. Let P , Q, R, and S to be four statements. Determine the truth


values of the following compound statements using the truth table:
(a) (P ∧ Q) ∨ R
(b) P ∧ (Q ∨ R)
(c) (P ∨ Q) ∧ R
(d) P ∧Q∧R
(e) P ∨Q∨R
(f) P ∧ ¬Q ∧ R
(g) ¬P ∨ (Q ∧ ¬R)
(h) (P ∧ ¬Q) ∨ (R ∧ ¬S)
2. What do you conclude on how to create a truth table for n state-
ments (n is any natural number greater than or equal to 2)?

• Exercise 2. Give the negation of the following statements:

1. ∀x ∈ R, ∃y ∈ R, 2x + y > 3.
2. ∀ε > 0, ∃α > 0, |x| < α =⇒ |x2 | < ε.
3. ∀x ∈ R, (x = 0 ∨ x ∈ (2, 4]).
4. There exists C ∈ R+ , for all n ∈ N such that: |Un | ≤ C.

• Exercise 3. Express the following assertions using quantifiers and


answer the questions:

1. Is the product of two even integers even?


2. Is the product of two odd integers odd?
3. Is the product of an even integer and an odd integer even or odd?
4. An integer is even if and only if its square is even?

1
• Exercise 4. Indicate which of the following statements are true and
which are false:

1. ∀x ∈ R, ∃y ∈ R : 2x + y > 0.
2. ∃x ∈ R, ∀y ∈ R : 2x + y > 0.
3. ∀x ∈ R, ∀y ∈ R : 2x + y > 0.
4. ∃x ∈ R, ∃y ∈ R : 2x + y > 0.

• Exercise 5. Prove by contradiction the following statements:


√
1. 2 ∈ / Q.
2. ∀n ∈ N, n2 is even =⇒ n is even.

• Exercise 6. Prove the following statements using contrapositive proof:

1. If (n2 − 1) is not divisible by 8 =⇒ n is even.


2. (∀ε > 0, |x| ≤ ε) =⇒ x = 0.

• Exercise 7. We consider the following sets:

A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {{1, 2}, 5}, C = {{1, 2, 5}}, D = {∅, 1, 2, 5},


E = {5, 1, 2}, F = {{1, 2}, {5}}, G = {{1, 2}, {5}, 5}, H = {5, {1}, {2}}.

1. What are the relations of equality or inclusion that exist between


these sets?
2. Determine A ∩ B, G ∪ H, E\G.
3. What is the complement of A in D?

• Exercise 8. Let A, B and C be three subsets of a set X. Prove that

1. (A ∩ B) ∪ B c = A ∪ B c .
2. (A\B)\C = A\(B ∪ C).
3. A\(B ∩ C) = (A\B) ∪ (A\C).

• Exercise 9. Let E = [0, 1], F = [−1, 1], and G = [0, 2], three intervals
in R. Consider the function f from E to G defined by:

f (x) = 2 − x

and the function g from F to G defined by:

g(x) = x2 + 1

2
1. Determine f ( 12 ), f −1 (0), g([−1, 1]), g −1 ([0, 2]).
2. Is the function f bijective? Justify.
3. Is the function g bijective? Justify.

• Exercise 10. Are the following functions injective, surjective, bijec-


tive?

1. f : N → N, n 7→ n + 1.
2. g : Z → Z, n 7→ n + 1.
3. h : R2 → R2 , (x, y) 7→ (x + y, x − y).

• Exercise 11. We define the binary relation R on R2 as follows:

x, ye) ⇐⇒ x + y = x
(x, y)R (e e + ye

1. Show that R is an equivalence relation.


2. Find the equivalence class of (0, 0).

• Exercise 12. We define the binary relation O on R2 as follows:

x, ye) ⇐⇒ |x − x
(x, y)O (e e| ≤ ye − y

1. Verify that O is a partial order relation.


2. Is this order total?

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