Answer Gauss’ Theorem

Please answer all the questions, then upload your answers in the Google Classroom

1. Given a vector field F = 3 yz 2 i + x 2 y 2 j − 2 xz k , bounded by a solid region x2 + y 2 = 9 with

~ ~ ~ ~

height 0  z  4 in the first octant. Solve  F  n dS

S
~ ~
by using the divergence theorem.

288
Ans:
5

Solution
    
div F =  F =  i + j + k   3 yz 2 i + x 2 y 2 j − 2 xz k  = 2 x 2 y − 2 x
 x ~ y ~ z ~   ~ ~ ~

Polar Coordinates Cylinder

x = r cos  , y = r sin  , z = z, dS = r d dz, dV = r drd dz

 div F dV =  ( 2 x y − 2 x ) dV
2

V V

4 3

    ( 2r
2
= 2
cos 2  (r sin  ) − 2r cos  ) r drd dz
z =0 =0 r =0

4 3

    ( 2r cos 2  sin  − 2r 2 cos  ) drd dz

2
= 4

z =0 =0 r =0

3
4
  r5  2
2
 r3  
=    2   cos  sin  − 2   cos   d dz
z =0  =0  
5 3  r =0


 486 
4 2
=   
z =0 =0
5
cos 2  sin  − 18cos   d dz

 
 486  cos3 
4
 2 4
 162 2
=   −  − 18sin   dz =   − 5 cos  − 18sin   dz
3

z =0 
5  3   = 0 z =0  =0

  162 
4 4
72
= z =0 0 − 18 −  − 5 − 0  dz = z=0 5 dz
72
=  z z = 0
4

5
288
=
5

u = cos 
du
= − sin   du = − sin  d
d
u3 cos3 
 cos  sin  d =  u (−du) = − =−
2 2

3 3
2. Verify Gauss’s theorem for vector field F = 4 x i + 3 y j + z k where S is the surface bounded
~ ~ ~ ~

by the cylinder x + y = 9 and the planes z = 0 and z = 6 with outward orientation.

2 2

Ans: 432

Solution
Surface Integral
z
S1 : x 2 + y 2 = 9
S1 = 2 x i + 2 y j S3 : z = 6
~ ~ 6−
S1 = (2 x) + (2 y ) = 4 ( x + y
2 2 2 2
)= 4(9) = 6
S1 : x 2 + y 2 = 9
n =  x i + y j 
1
0 y
~ 3 ~ ~
3
3
F  n =  4 x i + 3 y j + z k    x i + y j 
1
~ ~  ~ ~ ~  3 ~ ~ x S2 : z = 0
4
= x2 + y 2
3

Polar Coordinates Cylinder

x = 3cos  , y = 3sin  , z = z, dS = 3 d dz

4 
 F n
S1
~ ~
dS =   x 2 + y 2  dS
S1 
3 
2
4 
6
=    3 (3cos  ) + (3sin  ) 2  3 d dz
2

z =0 =0 
6 2
=   ( 36 cos  + 27 sin 2  ) d dz
2

z =0 =0
2
  1 + cos 2   1 − cos 2 
6
=    36 
z =0 =0
2
 + 27 
  2
  d dz

2
 
6
27 27
=   18 + 18cos 2 +
z =0 =0
2
− cos 2  d dz
2 
2
9 63 
6
=    2 cos 2 +
z =0 =0
2 
 d dz
2
9 63 
6
=   sin 2 +   dz
z =0 
4 2  = 0
6
=  63 dz
z =0

= 63  z z =0
6

= 378
S2 : z = 0
n= −k
~ ~

F  n =  4 x i + 3 y j + z k   − k = − z = −(0) = 0
~ ~  ~ ~ ~ ~
( )
 F  n dS = 0
S2
~ ~

S3 : z = 6
n= k
~ ~

F  n =  4 x i + 3 y j + z k   k = z = 6
~ ~  ~ ~ ~ ~
()

S3
 F n
~ ~
dS =  6 dS
S3
2 3
=   6 r drd
 =0 r =0
2


3
= 3r 2  d
r =0
 =0
2
=
 =0
 27 d

=  27  =0
2

= 54

 F n
S
~ ~
dS =  F  n dS +  F  n dS +  F  n dS
S1
~ ~
S2
~ ~
S3
~ ~

= 378 + 0 + 54 = 432

Volume Integral
    
div F =  F =  i + j + k   4 x i + 3 y j + z k  = 4 + 3 + 1 = 8
 x y ~ z ~   ~
~ ~ ~

Polar Coordinates Cylinder

x = r cos  , y = r sin  , z = z, dS = r d dz, dV = r drd dz
6 2 3

 div F dV =  (8) dV =    8 r drd dz

V V z =0 =0 r =0
3
 r2  9
= 8     =0  z z =0 = 8   (2 )(6)
2 6

 2  r =0 2
= 432

  F  n dS =  div F dV = 432
S V

LHS = RHS
Therefore, Gauss’s theorem is verified.
3. Given that the total flux across the surface, S of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x = 0,
y = 0, z = 0 and z = 3 − x − y as shown in Figure 1 with outward orientation is 27. Use
Gauss’s theorem to evaluate  F  n dS
S
~ ~
for vector field F = 4 x i + j + 2 z k .
~ ~ ~ ~

z = 3− x − y

Figure 1

Solution
  
div F = , , 4 x,1, 2 z = 4 + 2 = 6
~ x y z

3 3 − x 3− x − y

 div FdV =

V
  
x =0 y =0 z =0
6 dzdydx

3 3− x

 6 z
3− x − y
= z =0
dydx
0 0
3 3− x
=  6(3 − x − y) dydx
0 0
3 3− x
=  (18 − 6 x − 6 y) dydx
0 0
3− x
3
 6 y2 
=  18 y − 6 xy −  dx
0  2  y =0
3
 6(3 − x) 2 
=  18(3 − x) − 6 x(3 − x) −  dx
0  
2
3
=   27 − 18 x + 3 x 2  dx
0
3
 18 x 2 3 3 
=  27 x − + x 
 2 3  x =0
18(3) 2
= 27(3) − + (3)3
2
= 27
4. Consider a vector field F ( x, y, z ) = 2 xy i + yz 2 j + 2 k , that across the surface of the region
~ ~ ~ ~

enclosed by 3z = x2 + y 2 and the plane z = 3. Solve  F n dS

S
~ ~
by using the divergence

theorem.
243
Ans: 
4

Solution
    
div F =   F =  i + j + k   2 xy i + yz 2 j + 2 k  = 2 y + z 2
 x ~ y ~ z ~   ~ ~ ~

Polar Coordinates Cylinder z

x = r cos  , y = r sin  , z = z, dS = r d dz, dV = r drd dz z =3

x 2 + y 2 (r cos  ) 2 + (r sin  ) 2 r ( cos  + sin  ) r 2

2 2 2 3−
z= = = =
3 3 3 3
3z = x 2 + y 2
 div F dV =  ( 2 y + z ) dV
2

V V
2 3 3
y
=    ( 2r sin  + z ) r dzdrd
2

 =0 r =0 r2
z=
3 x
2 3 3
=    ( 2r sin  + rz 2 ) dzdrd
2

=0 r =0 r2
z=
3
3
2
 3
 z 3 
=    2r 2 ( z ) sin  + r    drd
 =0 r =0   3   z= r 2

2  r  r2  
3
2r 
3 2
=   6r sin  + 9r − 2r   sin  −    drd
2

 =0 r =0 
  3 3 3  

2 3
 2 2 4 r7 
=  
 =0 r =0 
6 r sin  + 9 r −
3
r sin  −  drd
81 
2 3
 9 2 r8 
=   2r 3 sin  + r 2 − r 5 sin  − d
 =0  2 15 648  r =0
2
 81 162 81 
=   54sin  +
  =0
2
−
5
sin  −  d
8
2
 108 243 
= 
  =0
5
sin  +
8
 d

2
 108 243  108 243 108
= − cos  +  = − (1) + + (1)
 5 8  = 0 5 4 5
243
= 
4
5. Gauss’s theorem or divergence theorem relates the volume integral of the divergence of
vector field F over a solid to the surface integrals of vector field F over the surfaces that
enclosed the solid. The theorem is given by
 div F dV =  F  n dS V S

where V represents the volume and S defines surface. V is the volume of a paraboloid that is
bounded by z = 25 − x2 − y 2 and plane z = 0 with outward orientation as shown in the
Figure 2.
z
25
S1 : z = 25 − x 2 − y 2

0 y
5
5
x S2 : z = 0

Figure 2
Verify Gauss’s theorem for vector field F = xy i + 2 y j + 3 k .
~ ~ ~ ~

Ans: 625

Solution
Volume Integral
    
div F =   F =  i + j + k   xy i + 2 y j + 3 k  = y + 2
 x y ~ z ~   ~
~ ~ ~

 div F dV =  (2 + y) dV
V V
2 5 25 − r 2
=

  
=0 r =0 z =0
(2 + r sin  ) r dzdrd

2 5

  ( 2r + r sin  )  z z =0
25 − r 2
= 2
drd
 =0 r =0
2 5
=   ( 50r − 2r 3
+ 25r 2 sin  − r 4 sin  ) drd
 =0 r =0

2 5
 50r 2 2r 4 25r 3 r5 
=   − + sin  − sin   d
 =0  2 4 3 5  r =0
2
 625 1250 
= 
  =0
2
+
3
sin   d

2
 625 1250 
= − cos  
 2 3  = 0
= 625
Surface Integral
S1 : z = 25 − x 2 − y 2
z z
n = − i− j+ k
~ x ~ y ~ ~
= 2x i + 2 y j+ k
~ ~ ~

F  n =  xy i + 2 y j + 3 k    2 x i + 2 y j + k 
~ ~  ~ ~ ~  ~ ~ ~

= 2 x2 y + 4 y 2 + 3

 F n dS =  ( 2 x 2 y + 4 y 2 + 3) dS
~ ~
S1 S1
2 5
=   ( 2r cos 2  sin  + 4r 2 sin 2  + 3 ) r drd
3

=0 r =0
2 5
=   ( 2r cos 2  sin  + 4r 3 sin 2  + 3r ) drd
4

=0 r =0

2 5
 2r 5 3r 2 
=   cos 2  sin  + r 4 sin 2  + d
 =0  5 2  r =0
2
 75 
=  1250 cos  sin  + 625sin 2  +  d
2

 
=0
2 
2
  1 − cos 2  75 
=   sin  + 625   +  d
2
1250 cos
 
=0  2  2 
2
 625 
=  1250 cos  sin  − cos 2 + 350  d
2

 
=0
2 
2
  cos3   625  sin 2  
= 1250  − −   + 350 
  3  2  2   = 0
= 700

S2 : z = 0
n= −k
~ ~

F  n =  xy i + 2 y j + 3 k   − k
~ ~  ~ ~ ~ ~
( )
= −3
 S2
 F n
~ ~
dS =  (−3) dS
S2
2 5
=   −3 r drd
 =0 r =0
2 5
 3r 2 
=  − d
 =0  2  r =0
2
75
=

−
=0
2
d

2
 75 
= −  
 2  = 0
= −75

 F n
S
~ ~
dS =  F  n dS +  F  n dS = 700 − 75 = 625
S1
~ ~
S2
~ ~

  div F dV =  F  n dS = 625
V S

Therefore, Gauss’s theorem is verified.

6. Consider a vector field F ( x, y, z ) = 2 xy i + yz 2 j + 2 k , that across the surface of the region
~ ~ ~ ~

enclosed by 3z = x2 + y 2 and the plane z = 3 with outward orientation. Solve  div F dV by

V

using the divergence theorem.

243
Ans: 
4

Solution
S1 : z = 3, n = k
~ ~ z
F n =  2 xy i + yz 2 j + 2 k  k = 2
~ ~  ~ ~ ~ ~
() 3−
S1 : z = 3

 F  n dS =  2 dS
S1 S1 S 2 :3z = x 2 + y 2
2 3
=   2 r drd
 =0 r =0 y
2


3
=  r 2  d
r =0 x
 =0
2
= 9
 =0
d

= 9  =0
2

= 18

S2 : 3z = x 2 + y 2

x2 + y 2
z=
3
z z 2 2
n= i j− k = x i + y j− k
~ x y ~
~ ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ ~

2  4
F n =  2 xy i + yz 2 j + 2 k   x i + y j − k  = x 2 y + y 2 z 2 − 2
2 2
~ ~  ~ ~ ~  3 ~ 3 ~  3~ 3

Polar Coordinates Plane

x = r cos  , y = r sin  , dS = r drd

x2 + y 2 r 2
z= =
3 3

2
4 2  r2 
F n = (r cos  ) 2 (r sin  ) + (r sin  ) 2   − 2
~ ~ 3 3  3
4 3 2 6 2
= r cos 2  sin  + r sin  − 2
3 27
  F  n dS =  F  n dS
S2 S2
2
4 
3
2 6 2
=    3 r cos 2  sin  + r sin  − 2  r drd
3

=0 r =0
27 
2
4 
3
2 7 2
=    3 r cos 2  sin  + r sin  − 2r  drd
4

=0 r =0
27 
2 3
4 2 8 2 
=   r 5 cos 2  sin  + r sin  − r 2  d
 = 0 15 216  r =0
2
 324 243 2 
= 
 
=0
5
cos 2  sin  +
4
sin  − 9  d

2
 324 243  1 − cos 2  
= 
 
=0
5
cos 2  sin  +
4 

2
 − 9  d
 
2
 324 243 171 
= 
 
=0
5
cos 2  sin  −
8
cos 2 +
8 
 d
2
 324  cos3   243 171 
= − − sin 2 + 
 5  3  16 8  = 0
2
 324 243 171 
= − cos3  − sin 2 + 
 15 16 8  =0
324 243 171 324 243 171
=− (1) − (0) + + (1) + (0) − (0)
15 16 4 15 16 8
171
= 
4

u = cos 
du
= − sin   du = − sin  d
d
u3 cos3 
 cos  sin  d =  u (−du) = − 3 = − 3
2 2

171 243
  F  n dS =  F  n dS +  F  n dS = 18 + = 
S S1 S2
4 4