BU 102-Building Utilities 2- Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Systems

Syllabus/Course Content
1. Glossary of Electrical Terms
2. Basic and Alternative Sources of Electricity
3. Fundamentals of Electricity and Electrical Systems
4. Conductors and Insulators
5. Wiring Method
6. Switches
7. Overcurrent Protective Device
8. Panel boards, outlets, receptacles and other wiring devices
9. Circuit Design Guidelines (Residential)
10. Standard Electrical Symbols

References:

1. Electrical Layout and Estimates by Max Fajardo Jr., 1987

Unsafe Electrical Wiring

a. All wiring systems or installations which do not conform to the rules and regulations embodied in the
latest Philippine Electrical Code.
b. Inadequately maintained or improperly used electrical wirings, outlets, devices and/or equipment.

RULE XIII - ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL REGULATIONS

SECTION 1301. Electrical Regulations All electrical systems, equipment and installations mentioned in the
Code shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 (PEC-1) and Part 2 (PEC-2),
as adopted by the Board of Electrical Engineering pursuant to Republic Act 7920, otherwise known as
the Philippine Electrical Engineering Law.

Section 302-Application for Permits

6. Electrical Documents
Electrical plans and technical specifications containing the following:
a. Location and Site Plans
b. Legend or Symbols
c. General Notes and/or Specifications
d. Electrical Layout
e. Schedule of Loads, Transformers, Generating/UPS Units (Total kVA for each of the preceding items
shall be indicated in the schedule)
f. Design Analysis
g. One Line Diagram

7. Mechanical Documents

a. Location Plan and Key Plan

b. General Layout Plan for each floor, drawn to a scale of not less than 1:100, indicating the equipment in
heavier lines than the building outline with names of machinery and corresponding brake horsepower
shall be indicated.
c. Longitudinal and Transverse Sections of building and equipment base on the section lines drawn to
scale of at least 1:100 showing inter-floor relations and defining the manner of support of
machines/equipment. Sections shall run longitudinally and transversely through the building length or
width other than particularly detailed section for each machinery/equipment (fired and unfired pressure
vessel, elevator, escalator, dumbwaiter, etc.).
d. Isometric drawing of gas, fuel, oil system showing: Assembly of pipes on racks and supports, Legend
and General Notes, Capacity per outlet and Complete individual piping system.
e. Plans drawn to scale of 1:100 indicating location of store rooms, fuel tanks, fire extinguishing systems,
fire doors, fire escape ladders and other protective facilities.
f. Detailed drawings of all duct work installations, indicating dampers, controls, filters, fireproofing,
acoustical and thermal insulation.
g. Detailed Plans of machinery foundations and supports drawn to scale of at least 1:50.
h. Detailed Plans of boilers and pressure vessels with a working pressure of above 70 kPa regardless of
kilowatt rating.
i. Design Computations and Detailed Plans of elevators, escalators, and the like drawn to scale of 1:50.
J. For all installations, additions or alterations involving machinery of at most 14.9 kW, the signature of a
duly licensed Mechanical Engineer shall be sufficient except fired and unfired pressure vessels, elevators,
escalators, dumbwaiters, central/split/packaged type air conditioners and piping systems of steam, gas
or fuels.
k. Detailed plans of fire suppression systems, location of automatic and smoke detectors and alarm and
initiating devices use to monitor the conditions that are essential for the proper operation including
switches for the position of gate valves as well as alert and evacuation signals; the detailed layout of the
entire safe area to be protected and the heat/smoke ventilation system.

10. Electronics Documents Electronic plans and technical specifications for wired or wireless
telecommunications systems, broadcasting systems, including radio and TV broadcast equipment for
commercial and training purposes, cable or wireless television systems, information technology (IT)
systems, security and alarm systems, electronic fire alarm systems, sound-reinforcement systems,
navigational aids and controls, indoor and outdoor signages, electronically-controlled conveyance
systems, electronic/computerized process controls and automation systems, building automation,
management and control systems, including, but not limited to the following:

a. General layout plans with legends

b. Single line diagram
c. Riser diagram
d. Isometry of the system
e. Equipment specifications
f. Design analysis, as applicable
g. Cost estimates

ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS

a. telecommunications systems,
b. broadcasting systems, including radio and TV broadcast equipment for commercial and training
purposes,
c. cable or wireless television systems,
 d. information technology (IT) systems, s
e. security and alarm systems,
f. electronic fire alarm systems,
g. sound-reinforcement systems,
h. navigational aids and controls,
i. indoor and outdoor signages,
j. electronically-controlled conveyance systems,
k. electronic/computerized process controls and automation systems,
l. building automation,
m. management and control systems

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

a. HVAC Systems
b. Vertical Transportation Systems

Electricity is considered as the greatest of all discoveries of man. The phenomenal importance and
usefulness of electricity paved the way to the more sophisticated inventions making what originally
seemed impossible become realities. (Max B. Fajardo Jr.,1987)

Electricity - physical entity associated with the atomic structure of matter which occurs in polar forms
(positive and negative) and which are separable by expenditure of energy; an invisible energy capable of
moving 186,000 miles per second; the science dealing with the physical phenomena arising from the
existence and interaction of electric charges. Electrons are negatively charged particles while protons are
positively charged particles.

Definition of terms:

1. Electrons is a particle of an atom which is sometimes referred to as the negative charge of

electricity.
2. Proton is the positively charge particle of electricity
3. Nuetron is the particle of an atomwhich is not electrically charged.
4. Ions is an atom or molicules of electrically imbalance.
5. Electric Current the rate of flow of electric charge in a circuit per unit time measured in
amperes.
6. Volt - the unit of emf (Electromotive Force); 1 volt produces a current of1 ampere in a resistance
of 1 ohm.
7. Ampere- Flow of electricity.
8. Circuit-refers to the wire installation that supplies current to light and convenience outlets.
9. Watt is the rate of power used.
10. Resistance is the opposition of friction to the flow of current.
11. Voltage Drop is the drop in electric pressure in a circuit due to resistance of the conductor.

Historical Background

In 500's BC, Thales a Greek philosopher of about this time, observed that amber, a stone-Iike substance
attracted small bits of straw after being rubbed with cloth. In the 300‘s B.C., the Greek philosopher Plato
mentioned this property of amber in one of his works.
In AD. 1551, Jerome Cardan, an Italian mathematician distinguished between the properties of amber
and those of magnetic black rock called loadstone. Cardan realized that amber attracted many light
objects, but Ioadstone attracted only iron.

In 1600, William Gilbert, a doctor of Queen Elizabeth I of England, discovered that such materials as
diamonds, glass, sulphur and wax behaved like amber, He called these materials electrics, a term based
on electrum, the Latin word for amber. In 1646, another English doctor, Sir Thomas Browne, devised the
word electricity.

William Gilbert an English Physicist and the father of electricity. He studied static electricity using amber;
amber is called elektron in Greek, so he decided to call its effect the electric force.

Historic Achievements in Electricity

In 1729, Stephen Grey, an English scientist, discovered that some substances conduct electricity but
other do not. At about the same time, Charles F. Du Fay, a French scientist, experimented with the
conduction of electricity.

In 1785, Charles A. Coloumb, a French physicist, formulated the laws on attraction and repulsion
between charged bodies.

Fundamentals of Electricity and Electrical Systems Electrical and Mechanical In 1786, an Italian anatomy
professor, Luigi Galvani, performed one of the first experiments with electric current. He hung a freshly
killed frog by the legs to a copper hook over an iron railing, The frogs legs twitched when they touched
the railing. Galvani concluded Incorrectly that the animal contained what he called "animal electricity".

Count Alessandro Volta, an Italian physics professor built the first battery, called the voltaic pile. He made
it of stacked pairs of metal discs. Each pair consisted of one silver and one zinc.

Early Studies on Electromagnetism In 1820, a Danish physicist named Hans Christian Oersted observed
that a strong current flowing through a wire could move the needle of a compass. This discovery
indicated that current has magnetic effect. Later that same year, a French physicist Andre' Marie Ampere
measured the effect of two parallel currents on each other. He showed that such current attracts each
other if they move in the same direction and repel each other if their directions are opposite.

In 1826, George Simon Ohm discovered the relationship between current, voltage and resistance. It
states that the current through the material varies directly with the applied voltage and inversely with
the resistance of the material. Ohms Law or Law of Electrical Resistance

Oersted's discovery influenced the work of Michael Faraday, an English physicist. In 1831, he found that
a moving magnet induced electric in a coil of wire. That same year, Joseph Henry, an American physicist,
independently discovered this principle. All electric generators and transformers work by means of the
induction principles formulated by Faraday and Henry.

In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison advocated the use of direct current (dc), culminating in the first central
electric-light powered Pearl Street in New York City. In the year, 1893, Nikola Tesla designed the first
hydroelectric power station in the world at Niagara Falls that produced alternating current (ac).
 QUIZ

Multiple Choice: Answer in complete word or phrases.

1. It is the Latin word for amber. 6. The first battery was called ____.
a. electrium a. Motolite
b. electrum b. Amatron
c. electron c. Voltes pile
d. elektron d. not on the list

2. It is the Greek word for amber. 7. Ohms Law states that current through the
a. electrium material varies directly with the applied
b. electrum voltage and inversely with the resistance
c. electron of the ____.
d. elektron a. body
b. material
c. electricity
3. He is the father of electricity. d. building
a. Georg Simon Ohm
b. Stephen Grey 8. He showed that such current attracts
c. William Gilbert each other if they move in the same
d. Thomas Alva Edison direction and repel each other if their
directions are opposite.
4. In 1729, an English scientist, discovered a. Allesandro Volta
that some substances conduct electricity b. Andre Marie Ampere
but other do not. c. Nicola Tesla
a. Georg Simon Ohm d. Thomas Alva Edison
b. Stephen Grey
c. William Gilbert 9. He designed the first hydroelectric power
d. Thomas Alva Edison station in the world at Niagara Falls that
produced alternating current (ac).
a. Allesandro Volta
5. He is an Italian physics professor built the b. Andre Marie Ampere
first battery, called the voltaic pile. c. Nicola Tesla
a. Allesandro Volta d. Thomas Alva Edison
b. Michael Faraday
c. William Gilbert 10. According to joseph Henry all electric
d. Thomas Alva Edison generators and transformers work by
means of the ____ principles formulated
by Faraday and Henry.
a. inverter
b. magnetic
c. induction
d. electric