Subject: Physical Science

Grade Level: Grade 11

Objective: Explain the effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of
substances.

Learning within the curriculum:

1) States of Matter - Students will explore the characteristics of solids, liquids, and
gases, focusing on how intermolecular forces influence their physical properties,
such as melting and boiling points.
2) Solutions and Solubility - This topic will allow students to investigate how
intermolecular forces affect the solubility of substances in different solvents, linking
to the objective by demonstrating the role of attraction and repulsion between
molecules.

Learning across the curriculum:

1) Biology: Cell Membrane Structure - The understanding of how intermolecular
forces affect the properties of lipids and proteins within cell membranes can connect
to how these forces are vital for cellular function and transport mechanisms.
2) Chemistry: Acids and Bases - Exploring how intermolecular forces influence the
strength of acids and bases can help students connect the concept of intermolecular
forces to chemical reactivity and pH levels in solutions.

Review Motivation:
[Teaching Strategy:] Interactive Quizzes
[Instructional Materials:] Quiz on intermolecular forces using Kahoot or similar
platform
Engaging Activity 1 - Start with a quiz to assess prior knowledge of intermolecular
forces through fun questions.
Engaging Activity 2 - Use a Mystery Box to have students guess different substances
based on their properties related to intermolecular forces.
Engaging Activity 3 - Conduct a brief storytelling session about the importance of
intermolecular forces in everyday life, such as in water's unique properties.

Activities
Activity 1: Investigating Properties of Solids and Liquids
[Teaching Strategy:] Inquiry-Based Learning
Materials - Ice cubes, water, cooking oil, thermometer, beakers
Significance - This activity helps students observe and measure the melting and
boiling points of different substances, relating them to intermolecular forces.
Instructions -
1) Place ice cubes in a beaker and measure the temperature as they melt.
2) Repeat the process with water and cooking oil, measuring their boiling points.
3) Discuss observations on how intermolecular forces affect melting and boiling
points.
Rubric
- Clarity of observations - 5 pts.
- Accuracy of measurements - 5 pts.
- Quality of discussion - 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:
1) What was the melting point of the ice cubes?
2) How did the boiling point of water compare to that of cooking oil?
3) What can you conclude about the relationship between intermolecular forces and
the state of matter?
Activity 2: Solubility Experiment
[Teaching Strategy:] Cooperative Learning
Materials - Salt, sugar, water, beakers, stirring rods
Significance - Students will learn how intermolecular forces affect solubility through
hands-on experimentation.
Instructions -
1) In groups, mix salt and sugar in separate beakers of water.
2) Stir and observe the solubility of each substance.
3) Discuss how intermolecular forces influence which substance dissolves better.
Rubric
- Group collaboration - 5 pts.
- Observation accuracy - 5 pts.
- Depth of discussion - 5 pts.
Assessment Questions:
1) Which substance dissolved faster, salt or sugar?
2) What role did intermolecular forces play in the solubility of each substance?
3) How does temperature affect the solubility of the substances?
Inclusive Activity 3: Role-Playing Intermolecular Forces
[Teaching Strategy:] Role-Playing
Materials - None
Significance - Engages students in learning through movement and expression,
making the concept of intermolecular forces more relatable.
Instructions -
1) Assign each student a role (solid, liquid, gas) based on the strength of
intermolecular forces.
2) Have students act out their roles in a scenario (e.g., heating a substance).
3) Discuss how their interactions represent the behavior of different states of matter.
Rubric
- Participation - 5 pts.
- Creativity in role-play - 5 pts.
- Understanding of concepts - 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:
1) How did your role represent the characteristics of your assigned state of matter?
2) What did you observe about the interactions between different states of matter?
3) How do intermolecular forces change when substances transition between states?

Analysis:
Activity 1 - Students observed that solids have stronger intermolecular forces than
liquids, which is evident in their melting and boiling points. This directly relates to the
objective by showcasing how these forces dictate physical properties.
Activity 2 - The experiment demonstrated that the solubility of substances is
influenced by intermolecular forces, as seen in the different rates of dissolution. This
reinforces the understanding of how molecular interactions impact physical behavior.
Activity 3 - The role-playing activity helped students visualize and embody the
concept of intermolecular forces, making it easier to grasp the differences in
properties among solids, liquids, and gases.

Abstraction:
The objective of explaining the effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of
substances highlights the fundamental role these forces play in determining the
physical characteristics of matter. Understanding these concepts allows students to
connect real-world phenomena to scientific principles, such as why ice floats on
water or why certain substances dissolve better than others.
Supporting Material 1 - "Intermolecular Forces and Their Effects on Physical
Properties" - This resource provides a detailed overview of various intermolecular
forces, their strengths, and how they influence the physical state of substances.
Supporting Material 2 - "The Role of Intermolecular Forces in Biological Systems" -
This reading discusses how intermolecular forces are crucial in biological processes,
such as protein folding and cell membrane formation.

Application:
[Teaching Strategy:] Project-Based Learning
Task 1 - Students create a poster presentation demonstrating the effects of
intermolecular forces in everyday life, such as in cooking or nature.
Task 2 - Students conduct a short research project on a substance of their choice,
detailing how intermolecular forces affect its properties and applications.

Assessment:
[Teaching Strategy:] Socratic Method
[Instructional Materials:] Discussion prompts and guided questions
Question 1 - How do intermolecular forces influence the boiling points of different
liquids?
Question 2 - Can you explain why oil and water do not mix based on intermolecular
forces?
Question 3 - How do intermolecular forces affect the properties of gases?

H.O.T.S.:
Question 1 - Why do you think water has a higher boiling point than most other
liquids?
Answer 1 - Water has strong hydrogen bonds, a type of intermolecular force, which
requires more energy to break compared to other liquids.
Question 2 - What would happen to the properties of a substance if its intermolecular
forces were weakened?
Answer 2 - If intermolecular forces were weakened, the substance would likely have
lower boiling and melting points and could behave more like a gas.
Question 3 - Can you suggest a real-world application where understanding
intermolecular forces is crucial?
Answer 3 - In pharmaceuticals, understanding how drugs interact at a molecular
level can determine their effectiveness and solubility.

Assignment:
Assignment 1: Research Paper
Guiding Overview for the Teacher - Instruct students to research a substance and its
properties, focusing on the role of intermolecular forces.
Assessment Question - "Describe how intermolecular forces influence the physical
properties of the substance you chose."
Assignment 2: Creative Presentation
Guiding Overview for the Teacher - Students will create a creative presentation (e.g.,
skit, song, or visual art) that explains intermolecular forces and their effects.
Assessment Question - "How does your presentation illustrate the impact of
intermolecular forces on real-life substances?"
END OF REFERENCES