YDS ÇIKMIŞ SORULAR

DENEME
5. Leaders with different political styles have
1. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan launched daring projects to take Japan out of
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi the economic recession, but in the long run,
bulunuz. they may ---- colliding with each other.

1. Forgery is the act of making, reproducing, A) make out B) give in

altering or signing a false document or other C) act out D) fight off
instrument with the ---- of defrauding others.
E) end up
A) development B) exception
C) intention D) determination
E) prediction
6. Unlike broadcast television, an interactive TV
service provider ---- customers to choose
which service to use at any given time, whether
it ---- shopping, watching a film or playing
games.
2. The sense of smell, which has not been fully A) has allowed / might have been
understood yet, is much more ---- than the
sense of taste. B) allows / is
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A) attainable B) dedicated C) allowed / would be

C) suitable D) sophisticated D) would allow / should have been

E) endurable E) is allowing / was

7. The tradition of sculpting in clay ---- as early

as AD 800, and ultimately it ---- as the point of
3. The full stop is probably the most used form departure for related works that were cast in
of punctuation, partly because almost metal.
everyone knows how to use it ----.
A) should have developed / has served
A) considerably B) redundantly
B) has developed / had served
C) dominantly D) appropriately
C) may have developed / served
E) profoundly
D) would have developed / will serve
E) could have developed / will have served

4. The European System of Central Banks,

which ---- a single monetary policy for the
euro zone, consists of the European Central 8. The degree ---- age-related wrinkling varies
Bank in Frankfurt together with 15 national considerably ---- person to person, partly due
central banks. to the amount to exposure to the sun.
A) regulates B) signifies A) of / from B) for / between
C) expresses D) provokes C) to / among D) about / by
E) acquires E) towards / with

1
9. When Sarpsborg was burned down ---- the 13. The social sciences are a range of disciplines
Nordic Seven-Year War, Frederick II gave within the arts and humanities ---- principal
permission for the inhabitants to move ---- a concerns are the study of various aspects of
place near the Glomma River. society.
A) after / away B) at / by A) what B) whose
C) in / over D) during / to C) that D) how
E) through / from E) when

10. Crystals are created ---- cooling and 14. Generally, social media platforms can be
crystallization take place at an appropriate thought of as virtual meeting places which
depth and with sufficient time. function to encourage the exchange of media
content among users who are ---- producers --
A) until B) though -- consumers.
C) so D) before A) both / and B) more / than
E) when C) just / like D) so / that
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E) such / as

11. ---- schools encourage children to read 15. Much to everyone’s surprise, the
printed books more often, the library, in its steelworker’s union actually supported the
traditional form, will eventually disappear. takeover, and managed to secure further
A) Whenever B) Whereas pension rights for its members ----.

C) Since D) However A) in the process B) as it happened

E) Unless C) in its place D) in accord

E) on a level

12. Some popular diet books have misled 16. ---- mechanical impact, certain chemical
consumers with deceptive claims; ----, they impurities would make such explosives
fail to provide an assessment of the results of unstable if they were stored in warm
their treatment plans for obesity. conditions.

A) furthermore B) nevertheless A) Involving B) Including

C) even so D) otherwise C) In case D) Contrary to

E) on the contrary E) Even without

2
 17. - 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada 22. - 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Not long ago, Thomas Cook was examining the Teacher involvement in play has been a
strange and mysterious crop circles that had controversial subject for many years. A
been cut into his farm in Lincolnshire, England. longstanding tradition (22)---- early childhood
His first thoughts were that they had been education dictates that teachers should not
created (17)---- aliens. (18)---- trying to explore interfere in children’s play. This tradition (23)----
the origin of these unusual shapes, he made a the psychoanalytic view that play’s main function
discovery that was much more down-to-earth. He is to enable children to work out their inner
discovered a pile of Roman Empire coins in a conflicts. (24)---- this view, the teacher’s role was
buried earthenware pot dating to 270 AD. He did to set the stage for play and to observe children.
not find (19)---- evidence of a UFO, but he did The teachers could then (25)---- monitor their
find an amazing archaeological site. In accordance play for clues about their emotional adjustment.
with English antiquities law, the coins (20)---- to However, teachers were cautioned never to
the British Museum. They were studied and interfere with children’s play (26)---- such
catalogued in the archives and given what is now interference might disrupt play, inhibit children
(21)---- referred to as a full “treasure trove from revealing their true feelings and reduce
inquest” by the museum. play’s therapeutic benefits.

17. 22.
A) of B) in A) by B) to
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C) by D) over C) at D) in
E) during E) for

18. 23.
A) Until B) Whenever A) had originated from
C) Once D) Since B) would originate from
E) While C) originates from
D) is to originate from
E) can originate from
19.
A) so B) any
C) that D) little
24.
E) no A) As opposed to B) In spite of
C) Similar to D) In place of
E) According to
20.
A) are handed over
B) would have been handed over
25.
C) were handed over
A) notably B) forcefully
D) could be handed over
C) abruptly D) closely
E) had been handed over
E) generously

21.
A) commonly B) relentlessly 26.
C) dramatically D) endlessly A) as B) provided that
E) deliberately C) but D) after
E) even if

3
 30. If they are striving to do their work ethically,
27. - 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun ----.
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) history teachers will need to discuss the
27. Even if we have a lot of work, ----. moral implications of events with their
students
A) we have some difficulties in making our
future plans clear B) no one can effectively teach children how
people should behave in a conflict
B) we do not usually complain about being busy
C) citizens’ worldviews are often related to the
C) there are various conditions that affect our realities of their daily lives
behaviour
D) there will be aspects of human rights that
D) we never tend to pay attention to underpin society
relationships
E) how processes are described in a society is
E) some details can remind us of our early very important
experiences

31. Although plays were being written as early as

300 BC, ----.
28. ----, while the early pioneers of intelligence A) the Greek audience’s view of the stage was
testing were mostly interested in theoretical
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framed by the landscape and sky

questions about the nature of intelligence.
B) Roman theatres included large
A) IQ tests initially ignored the development of amphitheatres for the audience which could
intelligence be built into hills
B) Determining what intelligence is and how it C) the action of the play took place on a raised
changes has not been easy stage or pulpitum
C) Theoretical issues in intelligence testing D) the first permanent theatres where they could
tradition have overshadowed practical ones be staged properly were not built until much
D) Any approach to intelligence must have later
confronted the question of its structure E) the function and proportion of theatrical
E) The pragmatic origins and uses of IQ tests elements changed significantly
have recently been emphasized

32. A 10% increase in the cost of hospital

services would cause poorer households to
29. When employees lack skill and interest, ----. cut back their hospital care by 4.7%, ----.

A) performing a job well means people should A) in spite of the fact that many developing
also help manage it nations subsidize medical care by about 5%

B) expecting them to lead a project successfully B) thus the difference between poor and
is unrealistic wealthy households is even larger

C) the goal would be to increase communication C) whereas the wealthy would have to do the
in a unit same by only 2.9%

D) unnecessary interference and distractions D) because the higher price of medical care
will cease would not affect the wealthy at all

E) too much appraisal will make it tough for E) but the same pattern occurs in the demand
people to concentrate for medical services in poorer households

4
33. Some firms provide special services for 36. In general, copyright law takes the view that
frequent buyers such as encouraging repeat computer programs are not patentable ----.
business with discounts ----.
A) when an antivirus program is recommended
A) because their previous experience may not for safe computer use
be relevant
B) if checking e-mails on a daily basis has
B) so that making purchases from them become a habit
becomes a part of the customer’s routine
C) now that lengthy court battles benefit neither
C) although this practice is similar to the party
process of problem solving
D) even though some programs have simply
D) when consumers face a really new concept undergone a digital transformation
E) as it does not confirm how long this offer will E) unless they are genuine innovations with
be valid industrial applications

34. Enthusiasts in some countries had been

building small rockets and thinking about
space travel for many years, ----.
A) which went on to launch the first astronauts
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on the Redstone rocket in 1961

B) therefore most of this work involved building
large rockets for actual space travel
C) whereas a Russian teacher worked out many
of the principles of rocket science 50 years
ago
37. - 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye
D) but it was a team of scientists and engineers anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe
in Germany that finally made the dream a cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi
reality bulunuz.
E) even though they had been fascinated by the
idea of space travel since their childhood 37. The real measure of the level of justice in any
society is how it treats its minorities, who are
generally its most vulnerable citizens.
A) Adaletle ilgili kilit nokta, toplumun en
35. ----, London has decided to transform its korunmasız vatandaşlarından olan azınlıklara
poorest neighbourhood into a display of what genellikle nasıl davranıldığıdır.
the Olympic Games can mean beyond B) Herhangi bir toplumda adalet düzeyinin
medals. gerçek ölçüsü, o toplumun genellikle en
A) Since the athletes are competing to win gold, korunmasız vatandaşları olan azınlıklara
silver and bronze medals nasıl davrandığıdır.

B) Because many people question the value of C) Toplumun en korunmasız vatandaşları olan
hosting the Olympic Games azınlıklara nasıl davranıldığı, herhangi bir
toplumun adalet düzeyinin genellikle gerçek
C) Whenever the idea of hosting the Olympic ölçüsüdür.
Games emerges
D) En korunmasız vatandaşlar olan azınlıklara
D) Though the political support would be nasıl davranıldığı, söz konusu toplumun
dependent on being chosen to host the adalet düzeyinin kilit noktasıdır.
Olympic Games
E) Bir toplumun adalet düzeyi, genellikle o
E) If hosting international events is considered toplumda en korunmasız vatandaşlar olan
to be a valuable experience azınlıklara davranış şekliyle ölçülebilir.

5
38. Unless international cooperation is ensured 39. While the US and the European Union have
to ban the non-essential uses of some enacted legislation designed to prevent the
chemicals, the depletion of the ozone layer importation of products obtained from
will continue to pose a serious threat to endangered plants and animals, this legislation
human health. has had little impact in the Third World
Countries that are home to many of these
A) Bazı kimyasalların gereksiz kullanımlarını species.
engellemek için uluslararası bir ortaklık
kurulsa bile ozon tabakasının incelmesi, A) ABD ve Avrupa Birliği, soyu tükenmekte olan
insan sağlığını büyük ölçüde tehdit etmeye bitki ve hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünlerin
devam edecektir. ithalatını önlemek için bir yasa
tasarlanmasını ve bu türlerin çoğunun ana
B) Ozon tabakasının incelmesi insan sağlığı için vatanı olan Üçüncü Dünya ülkelerinde de bu
büyük bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır, çünkü yasanın yürürlüğe girmesini sağlamıştır.
birtakım kimyasalların kullanımlarını
yasaklayacak uluslararası iş birliği henüz B) ABD ve Avrupa Birliği, soyu tükenmekte olan
sağlanamamıştır. bitki ve hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünlerin
ithalatını durdurmak için bir yasa tasarısı
C) Bazı kimyasalların gereksiz kullanımlarını hazırlamış ancak bu yasa, birçok türün ana
yasaklamak için uluslararası iş birliği vatanı olan Üçüncü Dünya ülkelerinde etkili
sağlanmazsa ozon tabakasının incelmesi, olamamıştır.
insan sağlığı için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaya
devam edecektir. C) ABD ve Avrupa Birliği, soyu tükenmekte olan
bitki ve hayvan türlerini korumak için
D) Ozon tabakasının incelmesi insan sağlığını tasarlanan bir yasayı yürürlüğe koyarken, bu
büyük ölçüde tehlikeye attığı için bazı türlerin çoğunun ana vatanı olan Üçüncü
kimyasalların gereksiz kullanımları Dünya ülkelerinde tam tersine, bitki ve
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uluslararası iş birliği sağlanarak hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünlerin

yasaklanmalıdır. ithalatında artış görülmüştür.
E) Çeşitli kimyasalların gereksiz kullanımlarını D) ABD ve Avrupa Birliği, soyu tükenmekte olan
azaltmak için uluslararası iş birliği bitki ve hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünlerin
sağlanmadığı sürece ozon tabakasının ithalatını önleyecek yasayı hazırlamış ancak
incelmesi, insan sağlığı için önemli bir tehdit birçok türün ana vatanı olan Üçüncü Dünya
oluşturmayı sürdürecektir. ülkelerinde bu yasayı yürürlüğe
koyamamıştır.
E) ABD ve Avrupa Birliği, soyu tükenmekte olan
bitki ve hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünlerin
ithalatını önlemek için tasarlanan yasayı
yürürlüğe koymasına rağmen, bu türlerin
çoğunun ana vatanı olan Üçüncü Dünya
ülkelerinde bu yasanın etkisi az olmuştur.

6
40. İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi, Avrupa Konseyi’ne 41. Aynı ağırlıkta bir elma ve patates
üye devletlerin, demokratik bir toplumda karşılaştırıldığında; patates, kan şekeri
herkesin yaşama hakkının temel bir değer üzerinde belirgin bir şekilde daha fazla
olduğuna inanmalarının en somut ifadesidir. etkilidir ki bu, onun daha şişmanlatıcı
olduğunun düşünülmesi gerektiğini gösterir.
A) The Treaty of Human Rights is the Council of
Europe’s profound belief that member states A) A potato is considered to be more fattening
and democratic societies have basic human because it has a greater effect on blood
rights and principles. sugar when compared to an apple.
B) The Treaty of Human Rights is the most B) When we are given an apple and a potato of
concrete expression by the member states of the same weight, the potato will have an
the Council of Europe of their profound belief effect on blood sugar so it is considered to be
that everyone’s right to life is a basic value in more fattening.
a democratic society.
C) If we compare an apple and a potato of the
C) The Council of Europe’s member states same weight, only the potato will affect our
profoundly believe that the Treaty of Human blood sugar and we will therefore put on
Rights is the most concrete expression of the more weight.
basic principle in democratic societies that
everyone has a right to life. D) An apple and a potato of the same weight
have a great effect on blood sugar but only
D) The Council of Europe’s member states and the potato will fatten people.
the Treaty of Human Rights state that
everyone’s right to life is a basic principle and E) When an apple and a potato of the same
a concrete expression in a democratic weight are compared, the potato will have a
society. significantly greater effect on blood sugar,
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which shows that it should be considered

E) The Treaty of Human Rights expresses the more fattening.
Council of Europe’s member states’ profound
belief that concrete expression and
everyone’s right to life are basic principles in 42. Beş Kuzey ülkesi; kadınların iş gücüne,
a democratic society. erkeklerin de ailelerine katılımını destekleyen
politikalar yoluyla hem işte hem de evde daha
iyi bir iş bölümüne sahip olmayı mümkün
kılmıştır.
A) Five Nordic countries have made it possible
to have a better division of labour both at
work and at home through policies that
encourage the participation of women in the
labour force and men in their families.
B) Five Nordic countries had a better division of
labour of women at home and men at work
by amendments of different laws to
encourage the participation of both men and
women in the labour force.
C) All women and men in five Nordic countries
demanded new laws that encourage radical
changes in their roles within their families
and the governments have made this
possible.
D) Five Nordic countries have changed the roles
of women and men in society by developing
policies to encourage them to participate in
the labour force.
E) Through policies, five Nordic countries have
a better division of labour at work and at
home provided that all family members
participate in the labour force.

7
 44. According to the passage, deception becomes
43. -46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre easier than detecting deception when ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) people involved do not know each other well
Deception gains a slight edge over deception B) the person telling lies shows signs of
detection when the interactions are few in nervousness
number and are among strangers. If you spend
enough time with the people you interact with, C) the listener is cognitively challenged by the
they may leak their true intent through their discussion
behaviour. However, when interactions are
D) people in a conversation do not have
anonymous or infrequent, behavioural cues
common attributes
cannot be read against a background of known
behaviour, so more general attributes must be E) the listener has a general view about the
used. Because of the negative consequences of people they are interacting with
being detected, people are expected to be
nervous when lying. In response to concern over
appearing nervous, people may exert control,
trying to suppress behaviour, with possible side
effects detectable by the listener such as a
planned, rehearsed impression. Lying is also
cognitively demanding. You must suppress the
truth and construct a falsehood that is plausible, 45. According to the passage, ----.
then tell it in a convincing way and remember the
story. Cognitive load appears to play the biggest A) deceiving people with whom you have
role. When lies are not well-rehearsed, people problematic relationships requires more effort
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have to think too hard, and this causes several B) the possible negative results of being caught
effects, including overcontrol that leads to do not bother people
blinking and fidgeting less and using fewer hand
gestures, longer pauses and higher-pitched C) establishing control over behaviours has side
voices. Of course, if self-deception is involved, effects that cannot be detected by man or
you are less likely to give off the normal cues of machine
lying that others might perceive. D) lying involves a lot of mental processing
leading to observable side effects
E) deception requires memorizing a very
detailed and elaborate lie

46. The author’s main purpose is to ----.

43. The author is of the opinion that ----.
A) give practical advice to people who are
A) anyone can become a good liar as long as a
required to detect deception as part of their
rehearsal process is involved
occupations
B) lying makes people feel relaxed as they know
B) describe the nature, manifestations and
the lies will not be detected
mental aspects of deception
C) people show fewer signs of lying if they
C) present conflicting views on deception,
believe the lies themselves
deception detection and self-deception
D) lies are impossible to detect unless you know
D) inform readers about the possible
a person well
consequences of lying if the lie is not planned
E) lying is an almost effortless process for many in advance
people
E) present the challenges of deception as well
as the ways to overcome these challenges

8
 48. It is clearly stated in the passage that ----.
47. -50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız. A) there is no conscious control over
unconditioned reflexes
A behavioural pattern is considered to be innate B) it is useful to suppress certain unconditioned
when it is essential for survival and already reflexes such as nausea
present at birth, as it is predetermined by the
genetic make-up of the organism. A reflex is the C) unconditioned reflexes are learned
simplest form of an innate behaviour. It is a responses to certain stimuli
programmed reaction to an outside stimulus that
D) the purpose of some unconditioned reflexes
is carried out unconsciously. For example, the
is unknown
eyelids close automatically as soon as a draft of
air stimulates the surface of the eye and the E) unconditioned reflexes are activated even
pupils of a cat will contract as soon as it looks when there is no stimulus present
into bright light. These are reflexes that an
organism does not have to learn; they are
referred to as unconditioned reflexes. An
unconditioned reflex is always an unconscious
response, and therefore it is impossible to
suppress it at will. Such a reflex always requires
a stimulus that triggers a certain behaviour. Many
unconditioned reflexes exist in order to protect
the organism, for example coughing, nausea, or
the draw back reflex of the body part that touches 49. We can understand from the passage that
a hot object. Anatomically, a reflex is based on a unconditioned reflexes are behaviours that ----.
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chain of stimulus and reaction, which is referred A) can frequently be observed in animals but
to as a reflex arc. A well-known example is the rarely in humans
knee jerk or patellar reflex in humans, which is
triggered by a light hit to the patellar tendon in the B) display great complexity in both humans and
knee. The knee jerk reflex is often used in animals
medicine to test the function of the spinal cord C) help an organism to protect itself against
and associated nerves. The real purpose of this outside dangers
reflex is to protect humans from injury when
tripping. D) are limited to organs such as the eye and the
legs
E) can vary substantially among individuals in
some circumstances

47. It is understood from the passage that 50. According to the passage, the knee jerk reflex
reflexes ----. is ----.

A) can cause damage to an organism if they are A) necessary to protect an organism from a hot
not strictly controlled object

B) represent series of behaviours present only B) a very rare reaction to a physical stimulus
in human-like organisms C) useless in terms of helping a person to
C) are passed on through an organism’s genetic survive
structure D) used to assess certain anatomic functions
D) are learned by an organism as it struggles to E) a reaction that indicates a severe spinal cord
survive injury
E) are difficult to differentiate from voluntary
movements

9
 52. According to the passage, the primary
51. -54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre challenge of measuring domestic tourism is
cevaplayınız. that ----.

Relatively few people enjoy the opportunity to A) there is competition among countries to
travel to other countries. By far the most common attract tourists
form of travel is that by residents of a country B) most people travelling within their own
within that country. International travel, although countries cannot afford to stay in hotels
given high priority by segments of the populations
of industrialized nations, is still a minority activity. C) people do not necessarily stay in hotels when
As a very rough guide, we estimate that travelling in their own countries
expenditure worldwide on domestic tourism may
D) the numbers involved are insignificant to
be worth up to ten times that amount on
track accurately
international tourism. Ironically, there are
relatively few countries that collect domestic E) expenditure statistics are very difficult to
travel and tourism statistics, while much more collect from suppliers of tourism services
information is available on international tourism.
Why is this? First of all, international travel
involves, by definition, the crossing of a frontier. It
is therefore easier to observe and monitor.
Domestic tourism involves movement internally
and is therefore more difficult to research. 53. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
Countries that only make use of registration
forms at hotels miss out on all aspects of A) international tourism statistics are not always
domestic tourism that involve staying in other based on reliable data
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accommodation establishments or with friends or

relatives. A number of countries do not even try B) if there were no border crossings,
to measure domestic tourism due to its very international tourism statistics would be less
nature. For example, in many developing comprehensive
countries, very little domestic movement involves C) surveys given to foreign tourists are a useful
staying in paid accommodation, and so it does way of collecting information on international
not compete with demand from international tourism
visitors.
D) domestic tourism in developing countries will
continue to increase
E) developing countries are beginning to place
more importance on domestic tourism

51. It is directly stated in the passage that ----. 54. We can understand from the passage that ----.

A) according to statistics, people spend much of A) people from developed countries prefer to
their income on international tourism travel to developing countries

B) spending on international tourism is about B) some developing countries think it is too

one tenth of the amount spent on domestic costly to measure domestic tourism
tourism C) only developed countries have the necessary
C) the measurement of domestic tourism resources to measure domestic tourism
demand covers similar areas to that of efficiently
international demand D) it is not worthwhile to produce statistics on
D) domestic and national travel surveys are domestic tourism in some countries
based on knowledge of the resident E) international tourism is becoming a high
population priority for people in developing countries
E) many countries promote themselves strongly
to their own residents as holiday destinations

10
 56. It is clearly stated in the passage that in the
55. - 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre th
last decade of the 20 century, ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) a market economy model was successfully
During the 1990s, the country that was viewed by adopted by the emerging states of the former
American leaders and many others in the West Soviet Union
as the most important challenge for a transition to B) American and European leaders were
democracy was Russia. The Clinton disappointed by Russia’s reluctance to adopt
administration emphasized that one of its high democracy
priorities in foreign policy was the success of the
movement to democracy and a market economy C) US and European leaders were expecting a
in the states of the former Soviet Union, in comfortable transition to democracy in
particular Russia. A senior official asserted that Russia
“helping the Russian people to build a free
D) the authoritarian regimes were replaced in
society and market economy is the greatest
the states of the former Soviet Union
strategic challenge of our time,” and that “Russia
was the single most important foreign policy E) the US interest in Russia partly stemmed
priority” of the Clinton administration. Russia was from Russia’s strategic geographical location
by far the largest of the former republics of the
Soviet Union in both population and land area. In
addition, its geographical location gave it
influence on issues in several regions in which
the US was interested, and it had greater 57. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
strategic military capability than any other country A) a free society and market economy could
except the US. On a deeper level, Russia reverse the socio-economic problems in the
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represented what remained of the former

former Soviet states
geopolitical and ideological rival of the US. If the
state that had been the core of the superpower B) the newly-emerging states of the former
which was considered to be the main adversary Soviet Union were forced to adopt
of the US and of democracy could, within a democracy to compete with the US
relatively short time, be changed into a
ideological soul mate of the US, the symbolic C) a democratic Russia with a strategic military
implications would be profound. capability could pose threats to American
interests
D) the US was not in a position to ignore the
political developments taking place in its
former adversary
E) the greatest strategic challenge for the US
was to contain the extensive influence of
Russia in Central Asia

55. According to the passage, the Clinton

administration ----.
A) considered Russia’s transition to democracy 58. It is implied in the passage that ----.
and a market economy very important
A) a free society and market economy
B) was convinced that Russia’s attempts at developed in Russia without much
democratization and developing a market intervention
economy would ultimately fail
B) Russia wanted to achieve democratization
C) thought that the institutionalization of without the guidance of the West
democracy would be welcomed by the
Russians C) Russia’s transition to democracy would
please the US
D) realized that Russia’s distinctive historical
background and geographical boundaries D) the Clinton administration negatively
limited the success of future democracy influenced Russia’s democratization process
E) warned the Russian leaders against moving E) Russia is no longer considered an important
away from the traditional market economy force in geographical terms

11
 60. It is stated in the passage that ----.
59. -62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız. A) biological diversity is a luxury when people
are in need of food and medical products
Species diversity provides the foundation for B) hunting and fishing, unlike other
individual ecosystems and thus is the prerequisite environmentally harmful activities, are
for the functioning of the biosphere. It is an necessary for human survival
immeasurable source of food and medicinal
products, and an irreplaceable resource as a C) most cases of biological destruction remain
gene pool. Due to the increasing destruction and unknown to the public
pollution of natural habitats, over-fishing and
D) the public should be more concerned about
hunting, humans are destroying the biological
the possible loss of species like the tiger
multitude of life, and with that, the basis of their
own well-being. The public is concerned when a E) biological diversity is more important for
well-known species like the tiger, whale, or some individual ecosystems than others
mountain gorilla becomes endangered; however,
the majority of other cases are hardly ever
noticed by the public. Apart from the decline of
species diversity within habitats, loss of genetic
diversity within individual species has also been
observed. The destruction of individual
populations leads to a reduction in genetic
regeneration capacity within a species. For 61. One can understand from the passage that
instance, selective deforestation reduces the biological destruction ----.
quality of the genetic material of affected tree
A) affects those who make the wilderness a
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species, since only strong, healthy trees are

logged and the weaker ones are left behind. basis for their livelihoods
Humankind’s intentional or unintentional B) comes about mostly from natural
introduction of exotic animal and plant species to catastrophes rather than human activity
new habitats plays an important role as well.
These so-called “neozic species” can become a C) is most common in temperate areas such as
threat to local species and lead to their complete New Zealand, which includes many species
extinction. For instance, the flightless Kiwi bird in D) helps local species to reproduce and multiply
New Zealand is threatened with extinction by
introduced rats and feral cats. E) impacts the capacity of a species to produce
genetically healthy offspring

59. It can be inferred from the passage that the 62. As it is clearly stated in the passage, the Kiwi
destruction of species ----. bird ----.
A) is a process that can lead to disaster for A) was introduced into New Zealand along with
mankind’s future prospects animals such as rats and feral cats
B) can help man search for better living B) has become a symbol for conservation
conditions throughout New Zealand
C) is a part of the natural cycle of life and death C) has never been able to adapt to the harsh
on Earth environment of New Zealand
D) is a necessity in terms of the well-being of D) is under threat because of other animals that
the planet and mankind were introduced into its habitat
E) has been exaggerated and a more balanced E) is a prime example of what is called a “neozic
view needs to be taken species”

12
 64. Dave:
63. - 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın – What can you tell me about camping in
boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek Australia’s Walkabout Park? It says here
ifadeyi bulunuz. that you are surrounded by 180 different
species of animals. Isn’t that dangerous?
63. Richard:
– I’ve tried really hard to enjoy black and Travel Agent:
white movies, yet I still don’t see what – Not at all. The animals are quite used to
people find in them. people, and at night you sleep in special
animal-proof tents.
Stacy:
– ---- Dave:
– ----
Richard:
– Do you mean that people should watch a Travel Agent:
movie for what it is and not for how it is – Oh, there’s a lot to do. There are evening
seen to the eye? barbecues, and during the day you can visit
ancient Aboriginal sites.
Stacy:
– Yes, that’s exactly what I mean. A) So apart from the animals, what else is
special about the park?
A) It’s obvious that current technology has
contributed a lot to the visual quality of B) Maybe that isn’t such a good idea. My wife is
movies. afraid of animals.

B) I suppose it’s more about the content of the C) Sounds interesting. When is the best time to
movie than the way it is presented to the visit?
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audience. D) What about showers and cooking facilities?

C) High definition movies are so realistic that it My wife is fussy about things like that.
feels as if you were actually taking part in the E) We’d actually prefer to visit an area that
movie. offers more shopping and dining possibilities.
D) But it’s the harmony of different colours in
movies that make them seem more
appealing.
E) I don’t pay much attention to when a movie
was produced, but it is the cast that usually
captivates me.
65. Steve:
– How come this new employee gets a raise
in salary and I don’t?
David:
– He might be new, but he’s already
outperformed you in every area. That’s why.
Steve:
– OK! What am I supposed to do to get a
raise, then?
David:
– ----
A) I promise you’ll get a promotion if you keep
up the good work.
B) He only received a small raise last month.
C) Employees are expected to work very hard.
D) You may lack the necessary skills, but you
put a lot of effort into your work.
E) Well, work as hard as he does and then you
might get one too.

13
66. Jane: 67. Simon:
– A study I’ve recently read about claims that – I watched a report about children who
65% of mothers and 70% of fathers spend their time glued to TV screens.
exhibited a preference for one of their
children. You’ve got two. Which one is your Carole:
favourite? – Yes, I saw a part of it too. Apparently the
researchers say it can cause psychological
Anna: problems. Do you think that's true?
– I don’t have a favourite child! And I don’t
think any parent could say they have a Simon:
favourite. – ----

Jane: Carole:
– ---- – Yes. But either way, excessive TV viewing is
probably a warning sign of deeper
Anna: psychological issues.
– That’s ridiculous! Don’t believe everything
you read in magazines. A) The researchers should look into how to best
treat these children and cure them of their
A) But do you treat your older child differently addiction.
than your younger one?
B) They can't say whether TV creates these
B) I suppose you’re right. I’ve got only one problems or whether the children had pre-
daughter, so I can’t really say. existing mental health problems.
C) So you’re saying that you love your son more C) The decision to turn off TV rests with the
than your daughter. Any reason why? parents of these children.
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D) You’re doing exactly what the study claims. D) I think the researchers should see if physical
You’re refusing to admit you favour one child exercise can offset the effects of sitting in
over the other. front of a TV screen for so long.
E) What about you? I suppose you have a E) The children should be made to watch more
favourite child. Is it your son or your educational programmes to help them
daughter? overcome their problems.

14
 70. While the country is prepared for rapid
68. - 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye development, the President knows that no
anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz. amount of economic growth can ever
compensate for the degradation of the country’s
68. There has never been a better time to be a natural resources and rich biodiversity.
virus researcher, thanks in part to
inexpensive genetic sequencing that allows A) Because of the exhaustion of the country’s
scientists to rapidly isolate disease-causing natural resources and rich biodiversity, the
microorganisms. President was uncertain whether to continue
or halt the rapid development of the country.
A) It is the best time for virus researchers as
they now have cheap techniques such as B) Since the country is about to develop quickly,
genetic sequencing that helps them quickly the President is ready to make use of the
recognize disease-causing microorganisms. country’s natural resources and abundant
biodiversity and he will compensate the
B) Partly because of cheap genetic sequencing people for their loss.
techniques which enable scientists to
separate disease-causing microorganisms C) The president thinks that no economic
quickly, it is now a perfect time to be a virus growth can substitute for the loss of the
researcher. country’s natural resources because rapid
development would mean that the destruction
C) Thanks to cheap genetic sequencing, virus of the country is finishing them off.
researchers have never had a better
opportunity to distinguish between disease- D) Although the country seems ready to
causing microorganisms. develop, the President is aware that no
economic growth could make up for the
D) Inexpensive genetic sequencing, which deterioration of the country’s natural
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makes it possible for scientists to quickly resources and abundant biodiversity.

separate microorganisms into classes, has
made the lives of virus researchers easy. E) The country is ready for rapid development;
however, the government does not realize
E) Due to innovative genetic sequencing, virus that abundant resources and biodiversity
researchers are now having a great time could be lost as a result of this economic
partly because they can easily distinguish growth.
disease-causing microorganisms.

69. The Amazon Rainforest is famous for its

breathtaking diversity of plants along with its
considerable number of animal species.
A) The Amazon Rainforest is widely known for
the existence of wonderful plants rather than
the incredible animal species found there.
B) It is well known that the Amazon Rainforest
contains a high quantity of plants together
with an increasing number of animal species.
C) The Amazon Rainforest is notable to many
with its large collection of plants and animal
species that cannot be found anywhere else.
D) Besides having plenty of animal species, the
Amazon Rainforest is home to a great
number of marvellous plants.
E) In addition to an abundant number of animal
species, the Amazon Rainforest is known for
its stunning variety of plants.

15
71. Not only the general populace, but also those
who work in the field of economics find it 72. - 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere,
difficult to understand the differences and the parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için
relationships between theory and practice. getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

A) The general population, including those 72. Logic as an academic discipline was invented
working in the field of economics, can by Aristotle and is concerned with argument,
understand the theory, but cannot grasp the validity, proof, definition and consistency.
practice of economics. Undoubtedly, ever before formal logic was
B) Understanding the differences and the recognized, people were reasoning in
relationships between theory and practice in consistent and logical ways. ---- During the
economics is challenging for those who do Middle Ages, Arabic and European cultures
not specialize in economics. also contributed to the field. During the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were
C) Both the general public and the people numerous developments in mathematical
working in the area of economics fail to fully logic.
comprehend how theory and practice differ
from and relate to each other. A) Aristotle taught many subjects including
syllogism, an argument in the form of two
D) Ordinary people have difficulty in premises and a conclusion.
understanding the theory and practice of
economics but the people working in the field B) To introduce formal logic to students, it is
can see them clearly. useful to explain that logic examines how
arguments are constructed.
E) Specialists understand the differences
between theory and practice in the field of C) Therefore, Aristotle, the Father of Logic,
referred to inductive logic as “a passage from
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economics because they can see how they

affect the general populace. individuals to universals”.
D) There are several kinds of logic, the most
common of which are deductive and
inductive logic.
E) Nevertheless, Aristotle was the first
philosopher to identify and formalize rules for
this branch of philosophy.

16
73. Eating too much fatty food, exercising too 75. Living in a country with the world’s highest
little and smoking can raise your future risk of murder rate, Hondurans have grown grimly
heart disease. ---- Previous studies have accustomed to untimely deaths. ---- A fire in a
linked exposure to environmental pollution to prison in Comayagua may have been the
an increased risk of heart problems, but the world’s deadliest prison fire ever. Rescue
two analyses now show that poor air quality crews said they had no way to save the
can lead to a heart attack or stroke within as prisoners, because they could not find the
little as a few hours after exposure. Scientists guards with the keys to release the inmates
found that people exposed to high levels of from the overcrowded prison.
pollutants were up to 5% more likely to suffer
a heart attack within days of exposure than A) Therefore, the national prison director has
those with lower exposure. admitted the system is failing and needs a lot
of investment.
A) This can be reduced, however, if you
exercise outside in the fresh air. B) The cause of the disaster has not been
determined, but officials suggest it might
B) Heart disease is reversible if the underlying have been a protesting inmate setting his
disease can be treated. mattress alight.
C) But there is another factor that can trigger C) Yet even they were shocked on February
th
heart problems more immediately. 15 to hear reports of a further cruel
consequence of the country’s high crime rate.
D) The risks are relatively low for people who
“smoke socially” and have lower cholesterol D) However, the scale of the tragedy became
levels. clear when the Honduran President called it
“a day of deep pain”.
E) Strict regulation of pollutants may not only
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improve air quality but could also become E) Honduran inmates suffered from malnutrition,
necessary to protect public health. poor sanitation and insufficient medical care,
and they had access to weapons.

th
74. Four hundred years after he was born, the 17
century Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi is
making a long-overdue international comeback.
Explorer, peace broker, tax collector, war
chronicler and mystic, Evliya spent 40 years
travelling in the Middle East. His 10-volume
Seyahatname is an epic travelogue that
provides a fascinating account of everyday
th
life in the 17 century. ---- UNESCO decreed
him Man of the Year in 2011 and the recent
publication of An Ottoman Traveller allows
English-language readers to discover his
masterpiece.
A) Though previously little known outside of
Turkey, Evliya is finally going global.
B) You can still feel the joy of Evliya’s journey
across Turkey’s vast and unspoiled
countryside.
C) This work was also appreciated by
foreigners, particularly English speakers.
D) Evliya loved eating and wrote in detail of the
regional specialties he sampled.
E) One can trace the early stages of Evliya’s
journey from Istanbul to Mecca.

17
 79. (I) In May, 2011, Rupert Murdoch flew to London
76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla for a meeting with his top newspaper executives.
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü (II) Afterwards, he arranged a dinner to work out
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. how to handle the phone-hacking scandal that
had been hanging over the newspaper for
76. (I) The name Daphne comes from the Greek, months.(III) A lawsuit filed by actress Sienna
“laurel by tree”, which is a small evergreen tree Miller charged that a senior editor in the News of
with shiny leaves. (II) In Greek mythology, the World was behind a campaign to hack into
Daphneis the goddess of music and poetry. (III) her phone. (IV) When it was time to sit down for
According to the legend, she was approached by the meal, everyone took assigned positions, with
Apollo, but she refused to respond to his love. Murdoch sitting in the middle. (V) The claim
(IV) As she fled from his embrace, she was saved sparked a police investigation, producing
by the earth goddesses who transformed her into disclosures about repeated incidents of phone-
a tree. (V) Therefore, the name has been hacking by the News of the World journalists.
common only in this century.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

80. (I) The former Soviet states and much of Eastern

77. (I) When you find a good source of pastured
Europe almost entirely depend on Russia for oil
meat, you will want to buy it in quantity and store
and natural gas at present. (II) Russia fears that
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it for future use. (II) Animals are fed a high energy

there could be potential rivals, and is taking steps
diet of grain to make them grow quickly. (III) Deep
to maintain its control of the market. (Ill) The
freezers are surprisingly inexpensive to buy and
long-running dispute with Japan over the islands
to operate, because they are not opened nearly
is yet to be resolved. (IV) Some experts believe
as often as the one in your refrigerator. (IV) A
the Kremlin has even worked to undermine the
freezer will also enable you to buy produce in
Baku-Tbilisi- Ceyhan pipeline Project. (V) This is
bulk at the height of its season, when it will be
because it will carry oil from the Caspian Sea to
most abundant and therefore cheap. (V) Also,
the West without going through Russia.
freezing does not significantly diminish the
nutritional value of the product. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

78. (I) Galileo attempted to measure the speed of

light by trying to measure the time required for
light to travel a known distance between two
hilltops. (II) Galileo stationed an assistant on one
hilltop, and himself of another, and ordered the
assistant to lift the cover from a lamp the instant
he saw a flash from Galileo’s lamp. (III) When the
person’s head moved to one side, a different
bundle of rays would enter the eye from each
point. (IV) The time was so short that he concluded
it merely represented human reaction time, and
that the speed of light must be extremely high.
(V) Galileo measured the time between the flash
of his lamp and when he received the light from
his assistant’s lamp.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

18
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