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2 views

Geography

Uploaded by

aaronrenshaw2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Convectional

Relief Rainfall
Rainfall
Rain
Rain formed
formed when
when air
theisground
forced heats
to riseup
over a hill
during
or mountain.
warm, sunny weather.
(Relief means the shape of the land.)

2. The air is 3. The2. rising


As the air
warm,
forced to moist
coolscools therises it
air
and and
rise over watercondenses
vapour into
hills or condenses to
mountains. formclouds
clouds and
and
rain. eventually rain.
1. The
prevailing
wind1.brings,
The sun heats the 4. As the air
warm,ground descends on the
moist air causing
moisture to
any
evaporate other side of the
fromand
theform water mountain, it
ocean.
vapour. warms up and
becomes drier.
Frontal Rainfall
Occurs where two air masses meet.

1. When a warm
air mass meets a
cold air mass, they cold
do not mix; they air
have different (den
densities. 3. Theser)
warm
air cools and
warm the water
air front vapour
(less condenses into
dense) 2. The warm, clouds and
less dense air is rain.
forced to rise
over the cold,
dense air. This is
called a front.
Air Pressure
Low High pressure

Cold
As air
warm
air
rises it
cools
As
cold

War
m
air
rises

Surface
Air rising exerts Air falling
low pressure exerts high

➢ High pressure is over 1,000 millibars.


➢ Low pressure is below 1,000 millibars.
• Evaporation = heat from the sun causes moist air to rise
• Transpiration = plants absorb water then give off water vapour from their
leaves
• Warm air rises
• Condensation = water vapour cools and becomes liquid
• Precipitation = water falling as rain, snow, hail or sleet
• Surface runoff
• Infiltration = water on the ground enters the soil
• Ground water store

We It tells us... The measurement We measure It looks like...


measure... is given... using...

temperature
How hot or cold a place is. In degrees Celsius A
(0C) thermometer.

precipitation How much water has A rain gauge.


fallen from the sky (as rain, In millilitres (mm)
snow, sleet or hail.) or centimetres (A container
We collect it in a (cm) with a scale
container and measure marked on it)
the depth of the liquid.

air pressure The force of air pressing In millibars (mb)


down on the surface. A barometer.
High pressure means a
high amount of pressure. It is usually in the
Low pressure means a low range 970 mb to
amount of pressure. 1040 mb.

wind speed An
In miles per hour anemometer.
How fast the wind is (mph) or
blowing. kilometres per It has a set of
hour (km/h) cups which
turn in the wind
and a dial
shows the
speed.

wind Using compass


direction The direction the wind is directions. A wind vane or
blowing from. a wind sock.
( Southwest winds
blow from the
southwest.)

Population structure - how many males and females of different ages are in a population.
Life expectancy - how long a person is expected to live.

Birth rate - the number of babies born per 1,000 of the population.

Death rate - the number of people who die per 1,000 of the population per year.

Population distribution: How the people in a country or area are spread out.

Population density: The number of people in an area per square kilometre.

Densely populated: Many people live there.

Sparsely populated: Few people live there.

Megacity: A city with over 10 million people.

LIC population pyramid.


This pyramid is typical of a
country such as Kenya or
Vietnam.

Narrow at the top which shows


that there is a small proportion of
elderly people.

Wide at the base which means


there are a large proportion of
young people in the country.

Birth rates Death rates

LICs have high birth rates because: LICs have high death rates because, in many
cases, there are:
• Many parents will have a lot of children in the
expectation that some will die because of the high • Dirty, unreliable water supplies
infant mortality rate
• Poor housing conditions
• Large families can help in looking after the farm
• Poor access to medical services
• The children will be able to look after their parents
if they become old or sick; there may not be an • Endemic disease in some countries
old age pension scheme
• Diets that are short in calories and/or protein.
• There may be a shortage of family planning
facilities and advice

HIC population pyramid.

Wide at the top because


there is longer life
expectancy.

Wider in the middle which means Narrower at the base which means
that people are living longer, less that birth rates are lower.
infant mortality.

This pyramid is typical of a country such as Italy


and Japan.

Birth rates Death rates

HICs have low birth rates because: HICs have low death rates because, in many
cases, there are:

• It is expensive to look after large families • Good housing conditions

• Safe water supplies


• More women prefer to concentrate on their
• More than enough food to eat
careers
• Advanced medical services which are easy
• Increasing sexual equality has meant women to access
have more control over their own fertility
Some developed countries have a high death rate as
• There is a ready availability of contraception they have an ageing population with many older
people.
and family planning advice

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