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Zero Order Normal Forms

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Zero Order Normal Forms

Uploaded by

sunderiya4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Debrecen, Faculty of Informatics

Logic in computer science

Zero-order logic
(propositional logic)

normal forms

October 10, 2022


Literal

Let L(0) = hLC ; C o n; F o r mi be a zero-order language.


If p 2 C o n then

• the p and :p formulas are called literals , where

• the p atomic formula is the base of the literal;

• the p literal is a positive literal,

• the :p literal is a negative literal.

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Elementary conjunction, elementary disjunction

An elementary disjunction:

• is a literal, or

• a disjunction of a literal and an elementary disjunction.


` 1 _ `2 _    _ `n where n  1 and ` i are literals for all i = 1; : : : ; n

An elementary conjunction:

• is a literal, or

• a conjunction of a literal and an elementary conjunction.


` 1 ^ `2 ^    ^ `n where n  1 and ` i are literals for all i = 1; : : : ; n

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Normal forms

A disjunctive normal form (DNF):

• is an elementary conjunction, or

• a disjunction of an elementary conjunction and a disjunctive normal form.

e1 _ e2 _    _ en where n  1 and e i is an elementary conjunction for all i = 1; : : : ; n

A conjunctive normal form (CNF):

• is an elementary disjunction, or

• a conjunction of an elementary disjunction and a conjunctive normal form.

e1 ^ e2 ^    ^ en where n  1 and e i is an elementary disjunction for all i = 1; : : : ; n

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Normal form theorem

Let L(0) = hLC ; C o n; F o r mi be a zero-order language and A 2 F o r m be a formula.

1. There exists a formula D 2 F o r m such that


A , D and D is a disjunctive normal form.

2. There exists a formula C 2 F o r m such that


A , C and C is a conjunctive normal form.

The disjunctive normal form of a formula A is a formula in disjunctive normal form


which is semantically equivalent with A.

The conjunctive normal form of a formula A is a formula in conjunctive normal form


which is semantically equivalent with A.

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