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24 views2 pages

Tut-2

Uploaded by

Ashish Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Jammu

Calculus

SMD001U1M Sequences of Real Numbers Tutorial: 2

1. Use the definition (ε − n0 ) to check which of the following sequences (an ) are convergent.
In the case of convergence, find the limits as well.

1
(a) an = ,
n2
√
(b) an = n,
n
(c) an = .
2n + 1
2. Show that the sequences (an ) are convergent, where an is given by
1
(a) an = a n , for some fixed a > 0,
n n n
(b) an = 2 + 2 +···+ 2 ,
n +1 n +2 n +n
1 1 1
(c) an = 2 + 2 + · · · + 2 .
1 2 n
3. Prove that the sequence (an ), where
n
1 1 1 1
an = ∑ k! = 1 + 1! + 2! + · · · + n!
k=0

is convergent and its limit is between 2 and 3.

4. Show that the sequences (an ) are convergent, where an is iteratively defined as
3an + 2
(a) a1 = 1, and an+1 = for n ≥ 2,
6
p
(b) a1 = 2, and an+1 = an + 2 for n ≥ 2,
1 √
(c) a1 = 1, and an+1 = + an for n ≥ 2,
2
an
(d) a1 = 1, and an+1 = for n ≥ 2, and
2an + 1
 
3 1 2
(e) a1 = , and an+1 = an + for n ≥ 2,
2 2 an

1
5. Let r ∈ R be fixed. Show that there exist sequences (xn ) and (yn ) in R with xn ∈ Q for all
n ∈ N and yn ∈ R \ Q for all n ∈ N such that

xn → r, and yn → r.

6. Prove that every sequence (an ) in the closed and bounded interval [a, b] has a conver-
gent subsequence (ank ) such that ank → ` and ` ∈ [a, b]. Conclude that every convergent
sequence in a closed interval [a, b] for b ∈ R has limit in [a, b].

7. Let (xn ) be a sequence in R. Prove or disprove the following statements.


1
(a) If the sequence (xn + xn ) converges then (xn ) converges.
n
1
(b) If the sequence (xn 2 + xn ) converges then (xn ) converges.
n
8. Let (xn ) be a sequence in (0, 1). Suppose 4xn (1 − xn+1 ) > 1 for all n ∈ N. Show that the
sequence is monotone and find the limit.
1 n
 
9. Show that the sequence (en ) defined by en = 1 + is increasing and bounded above.
n
10. Let (an ) and (bn ) be sequences in R and let a, b be real numbers such that an → a and
bn → b. Then prove the following statements:

(a) If there exists an m ∈ N such that an ≥ 0 for all n ≥ m, then a ≥ 0.


(b) If a < b then there exists m ∈ N such that an < bn for all n ≥ m.

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