COMPARATIVE

ORGANOLEPTIC
AND
MACROSCOPIC
EXAMINATION

1
 Comparative Organoleptic and Macroscopic Examination
Organoleptic Examination (Taste, Color, Smell, Sound, Touch)
Macroscopic examination (Size, shape, fracture, external markings like lenticels, ridges,
nodes, furrows, cracks etc.)
(Any one comparison of drug based on availability in each plant part)

Sr.no. Plant part Drugs (Any one)

1. Root Asagandha, Chitraka, Manjistha, Musta, Shatavari,
Vatsanabha,Yastimadhu.
2. Rhizome/Stolon Haridra, Katuki, Shunthi, Vacha
3. Stem Asthishrinkhala, Guduchi
4. Bark Arjuna, Ashoka, Kutaja, Nimba, Twak
5. Heart wood Beejaka,, Chandana, Khadira
66. Leaf Kumari, Meshashringi,Vasa
7. Flower Dhataki, Kumkuma, Nagakesara, Lavanga
8. Fruit Amalaki,Aragavadha,Bhallataka, Bibhitaki, Gokshura,
Haritaki, Madanphala, Maricha, Pippali, Vidanga
9. Phalaraja Kampillaka
10. Seed Bakuchi, Ela, Eranda, Jyotishmati, Kapikacchu
11. Unorganized drugs Guggulu, Hingu, Mocharasa
12. Whole plant Apamarga, Bhrungaraja, Bhumiamalaki, Brahmi,
Kalmegha,Mandukparni
13. Galls Karkatakshrungi,Mayaphala

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 Index
(Comparative Organoleptic and Macroscopic Examination)

Sl.No Drug Name Part Page Number

1. Citraka Root

2. Shunthi Rhizome

3. Guduchi Stem

4. Ashoka Bark

5. Chandan Heart wood

6. Vasa Leaf

7. lavanga Flower

8. Marich Fruit

9. Kampillaka Phalaraja

10. Kapikachchu Seed

11. Guggulu Niryas

12. Mandukparni Whole plant

13. Karkatshrungi Galls

Student signature Teacher signature

3
 Date: / /
Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Chitraka Root

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Chitraka root
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of chitraka Root,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Plumbago zeylanica Substitute- Dantimool
Baliospermum montanum
Family Plumbagenaceae Baliospermum montanum
Synonyms Agni, Vahni -

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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Tikta Kashaya Katu
2. Color Dark brown Dark Brownish black
3. Smell Disagreeable characteristic odour
4. Sound Cracking Kat sound
5. Touch warty Smooth to touch

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size 30 cm in length, 0.5 cm thick and upto 10 cm in length
6 mm or more in diameter
2. Shape reddish to deep brown rounded Cylindrical, straight

3. Fracture Striated, Cracking Kat sound

4. External scars of rootlets present scars of rootlets

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Tapering end, circular tapering at one end, transverse cracks
longitudinal striations
6. Nodes tertiary root marking ribbed with secondary and tertiary
roots
7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks yellowish concentric rings - thin, brown bark and yellowish-

white central core

Other inputs if any:

5
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Plumbago zeylanica Baliospermum montanum

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

6
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Shunthi rhizome

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Shunthi rhizome
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Shunthi rhizome,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Zingiber officinale Substitute Zingiber perpurium,
adulterant- exhausted ginger
Family Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae
Synonyms

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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Katu Katu
2. Color Light brown Brown black
3. Smell Aromatic Aromatic
4. Sound - -
5. Touch Rough Rough , wrinkled

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size 5-15 cm long, 1.5-6.5 cm wide -
(usually 3-4 cm) and 1-1.5 cm
thick
2. Shape flattish ovate -

3. Fracture short with projecting fibres -

4. External oblique branches on upper side, -

Markings a depressed scar at its apex
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Wrinkled -

6. Nodes Branches nodes are present -

7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks wide central stele having -

numerous greyish cut ends of
fibres and yellow secreting cells

Other inputs if any:

8
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Adulterant- exhausted Ginger

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

9
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Guduchi stem

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Guduchi stem
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Guduchi stem,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Tinospora cordifolia Adulterant- Tinospora crispa
Family Menispermaceae Menispermaceae
Synonyms Amrutavalli, Amruta, Madhuparni -

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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Tikta Tikta, Katu
2. Color light brown Greenish grey
3. Smell Characteristic Characteristic, pleasant
4. Sound - -
5. Touch Rough, warty Rough, warty

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size 0.6-5 cm in diameter 1 to 2 cm diameter

2. Shape Round cylindrical

3. Fracture - -

4. External circular lenticels, rootlets circular lenticels

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Rough and warty surface Rough and warty surface

6. Nodes smooth surfaces and swelling prominent projections

at nodes
7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks rough surface and a radial rough surface and longitudinal cracks,
structure with conspicuous cut surface assumes a yellow tint when
wheel like structure with exposed to air and cut surface shows a
medullary rays traversing wheel like structure.
porous tissues

Other inputs if any:

11
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Tinospora cordifolia
Tinospora crispa

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

12
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Ashoka bark

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Ashoka bark
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Ashoka bark,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Saraca asoca Polyalthia longifolia
Family Caesalpinoiceae Annonaceae
Synonyms Srimitra , Tamrapallava Kashtadaru
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 Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Tikta, Kashaya Kashaya
2. Color dark green to greenish grey, Greyish black
3. Smell Non specific Non specific
4. Sound Cracking Cracking
5. Touch Slightly Rough Rough

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size - -

2. Shape - -

3. Fracture splintery exposing striated

surface

4. External smooth with circular lenticels Smooth

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges transversely ridged Longitudinal ridges

6. Nodes - -

7. Furrows Bark channelled -

8. Cracks sometimes cracked sometimes cracked

Other inputs if any:

,

14
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Saraca asoca
Polyalthia longifolia

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

15
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Chandan

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Chandan
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Chandan,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Santalum album Substitute – Karpoora
Adulterant- wood pieces of same plant
Family Santalaceae -
Synonyms Shrikhanda -

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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Madhur, Tikta -
2. Color Pale yellow, Yellowish-brown -
3. Smell Aromatic -
4. Sound cracking -
5. Touch Smooth, hard -

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size

2. Shape dense

3. Fracture hard but split easily, smooth

surface shows alternating light
and dark concentric zones with
numerous pores
4. External -
Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Smooth

6. Nodes -

7. Furrows Smooth

8. Cracks -

Other inputs if any:

17
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Santalum album

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

18
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Vasa patra

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Vasa patra
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Vasa patra,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Adhatoda vasica Adhatoda beddomei
Family Acanthaceae Acanthaceae
Synonyms Sinhasya, Aatarushka Krushna Vasa
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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Tikta Tikta
2. Color Green Dark green
3. Smell Characteristic Characteristic
4. Sound Cracking Cracking
5. Touch Smooth Smooth

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size 10-30 cm long and 3-10 cm 10- 20cm long
broad, petioles 2-8 cm long
2. Shape lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate lanceolate

3. Fracture Cracking sound Cracking sound

4. External lateral vein bearing few hairs -

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges glabrescent Rough

6. Nodes - -

7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks - -

Other inputs if any:

20
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Adhatoda vasica

Adhatoda beddomei

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

21
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Lavan flower

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Lavanga flower
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Lavanga flower ,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Syzygium aromaticum Adulterant- exhausted clove
Family Myrtaceae -
Synonyms Devpushpa -
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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination

1. Taste Katu, Tikta Katu, Tikta

2. Color dark brown or dusty red blackish
3. Smell Aromatic Less Aromatic
4. Sound Cut sound Cut sound
5. Touch Smooth, oily texture Smooth, dry texture

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size 10-17.5 mm in length 10-17.5 mm in length

2. Shape sub-cylindrical, slightly sub-cylindrical, slightly flattened, black

flattened color
3. Fracture pressed hypanthium containing
in its upper portion a two
celled inferior ovary with
numerous ovules attached to a
axile placenta
4. External four sided hypanthium, four sided hypanthium, divergent sepals
Markings divergent sepals
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Smooth, oily Smooth, dry

6. Nodes - -

7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks - -

Other inputs if any:

23
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Adulterant- exhausted clove

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

24
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Marich fruit

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Marich fruit
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Marich fruit,

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Piper nigrum Carica Papaya
Family Piperaceae Caricaceae
Synonyms Vellaj, Krushna -

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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Katu, Tikta Tikta
2. Color greyish-black to black greyish-black
3. Smell aromatic -
4. Sound - -
5. Touch Hard, wrinkled Rough

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter 0.5cm diameter

2. Shape Round oval to oblong

3. Fracture Carp layer separated from seed -

4. External wrinkled Straight lines wrinkled

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges wrinkled wrinkled

6. Nodes - -

7. Furrows Rough Rough

8. Cracks - -

Other inputs if any:

26
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Piper nigrum

Carica papaya

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

27
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Kampillaka Phalaraja

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Kampillaka
Phalaraja
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Kampillaka Phalaraja

,
Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Mallotus philippinensis Adulterant- brick powder
Family Euphorbiaceae -
Synonyms Kapila, Ranjanaka -
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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Katu Madhur, Kashaya
2. Color dull-red or madder-red Reddish
coloured
3. Smell - Characteristic
4. Sound Cracking sound on fire Crushing sound
5. Touch Rough Rough

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size Fine, granular powder -

2. Shape Like pollen grain -

3. Fracture - -

4. External - -
Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges - -

6. Nodes - -

7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks - -

Other inputs if any:

29
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Adulterant -brick powder

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

30
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Kapikacchu seed

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Kapikacchu seed
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Kapikacchu seed

Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Mucuna prurita Mucuna cochinchinensis
Family Fabaceae Fabaceae
Synonyms Markandi , Aatmagupta -
31
Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Madhur Madhur
2. Color White dull white in colour with grey
striations.
3. Smell not distinct not distinct
4. Sound not easily breakable not easily breakable
5. Touch Smooth , hard Smooth, hard

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size 1.2-1.8 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm 1-1.5cm long
wide
2. Shape Ovoid, slightly laterally Ovoid to oblong
compressed,
3. Fracture not easily breakable not easily breakable

4. External funicular hilum funicular hilum

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Smooth Smooth

6. Nodes - -

7. Furrows oblong, funicular hilum Hilum present

8. Cracks No cracks No cracks but grey striations are present

Other inputs if any:

32
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Mucuna prurita

Mucuna cochinchinensis

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

33
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Guggulu

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Guggulu
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Guggulu

,
Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Commiphora mukul Substitute- Commiphora wightii
Adulterant- Boswellia serata
Family Burseraceae
Synonyms Mahishaksh, Palankasa
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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Katu, Tikta
2. Color pale yellow or brown Pale yellow to red orange, translucent
3. Smell Aromatic Less aromatic
4. Sound - -
5. Touch fresh viscid and golden fresh viscid
coloured, dry- hard and smooth texture
dry- hard and smooth texture

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size - -

2. Shape - -

3. Fracture - -

4. External - -
Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges - -

6. Nodes - -

7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks - -

Other inputs if any:

milky emulsion in hot water and readily burns

35
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Boswellia serrata
Commiphora mukul

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

36
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Mandukparni

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Mandukparni
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Mandukparni

,
Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Centella asiatica Bacopa monnieri
Family Apiaceae Scrophulariaceae
Synonyms Manduki, Darduracchada Saraswati, Kapotvanga

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Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Madhura, Katu, Tikta Substitute- Bacopa monnieri
Adulterant – Soil, mud, Other species
of Centella
2. Color Greeniish, brownish-grey Greenish
3. Smell not distinct not distinct
4. Sound - -
5. Touch Smooth Smooth, puffy

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size roots of about 2.5 to 6.0 cm in Leaf- 1-2 cm long
length; leaves 1 to 3 from each Stem- 1-2 mm thick
node and 2cm diameter Flower - Small, pedicels 6-30 mm long,
Fruit - Capsules up to 5 mm long
2. Shape Leave-orbicular-reniform, Leaf - Simple, opposite, decussate,
umbel flower, green, sessile, obovate-oblong
fruits - ovoid, with laterally Stem - Thin, cylindrical
compressed seeds. Flower – Small, bracteoles shorter than
pedicels.
Fruit - Capsules ovoid and glabrous.
Root - Thin, wiry, small
3. Fracture - -

4. External adnate stipules -

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Smooth

6. Nodes Slender stem arises from root nodes and internodes prominent
node
7. Furrows - -

8. Cracks - -

Other inputs if any:

38
Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Centella asiatica
Bacopa monnieri

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

39
 Date: / /

Name of the Practical

Comparative organoleptic and macroscopic examination of Karkatshrungi Gall

Plant part used:

Root/ Rhizome and Stolon/ Stem/ Bark/ Heart wood/ Leaf / Flower / Fruit / Phalaraja / Seed/
Unorganized drugs/ Whole plant/ Galls

Aim & Objective:

Aim- To examine the organoleptic characters and microscopic characters of the Karkatshrungi
Gall
Objective- to find out identification tools to confirm the purity of the drugs.

Materials: Sample of Karkatshrungi Gall

,
Magnified lens

Method/Procedure:
▪ The plant material was procured from herbal garden
▪ Organoleptic evaluation can be done by means of organs of sense.
▪ The organoleptic investigations (color, shape and size, odour and taste, surface
characteristics and texture) were performed.

Particulars Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Botanical Name Pistacia integerrima Adulterant- Galls obtained from other
trees like terminalia sp., Pistacia sp.
and Rhus species
Common- Populus alba
Family Anacardiaceae Salicaceae
Synonyms Ajashrungi, vakra -

40
Observations and results:
Comparative organoleptic examination
Sr.no. Organoleptic Drug Substitute/Adulterant
examination
1. Taste Tikta, Kashaya Tikta, Kashaya
2. Color greyish-brown and internally yellowish brown, plae yellow
reddish-brown
3. Smell strongly astringen Not distinct
4. Sound Breaking sound like Kat- Kat Breaking sound like Kat- Kat
5. Touch Warty, hard Hard

Comparative macroscopic examination

Sr. No. Macroscopic Drug Substitute/Adulterant

examination
1. Size length 3.8 to 30 cm 0.5 to 1cm diameter

2. Shape Cylindrical, horn shaped, rugose Flat, round but irregular

and hollow
3. Fracture Kat sound Kat sound

4. External Striations Striations

Markings
Like
Lenticels
5. Ridges Striated Rough

6. Nodes tapering at both ends -

7. Furrows Irregular surface Irregular surface

8. Cracks Parallel margins present -

Other inputs if any:

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Schematic Diagram:

Drug Substitute/Adulterant

Populus alba

Pistacia integerrima

Student’s signature Teacher’s signature

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