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UNIVERSIDADE (Recuperado Automaticamente)

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6 views

UNIVERSIDADE (Recuperado Automaticamente)

Uploaded by

Anísio Valério
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GREGÓRIO SEMEDO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

INTERNACIONAL WORKERS’ DAY (1º MAY)

Autor: ANÍSIO GONZAGA CONTREIRAS NIANGA

DOCENTE

SEBASTIÃO MATONDO

LUANDA, 2025
GREGÓRIO SEMEDO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

INTERNACIONAL WORKERS’ DAY (1º MAY)

ANÍSIO GONZAGA CONTREIRAS NIANGA

CLASS: 13M
COURSE: COMPUTER ENGINEERING
ROOM: B009

DOCENTE

SEBASTIÃO MATONDO

LUANDA ,2025
INDEX

INDEX................................................................................................................................i
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................2
THEORETICAL BASIS.........................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................5
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES...........................................................................................6

i
INTRODUCTION

"Among the commemorative dates, one of the most important and which
has the most international repercussion is Labor Day, or World Labor Day,
which is celebrated in several countries on May 1st. But why exactly is
May 1st reserved for such a celebration? The reasons go back to the year
1886 and the city of Chicago, in the United States of America. But before
we address these events of 1886 in the United States, it is important to
outline, in general terms, a. overview of the situation of workers between
the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century."

2
THEORETICAL BASIS

From the second half of the 18th century and, above all, throughout
the 19th century, industry experienced exponential growth. The Industrial
Revolution, which took place in England, quickly spread throughout
Europe and also reached other continents, such as the Americas. We know
that, during the industrialization process, social relations and urban
geography were radically transformed. This happened because the
construction of industrial parks around cities led to a large concentration of
people, that is, the mass of proletarians who fed the industry with their
labor. As large factories appeared, the mass of workers also grew. The
reality of many workers in the 19th century was largely precarious, with
exhausting working hours. There was no major business planning to deal
with the new reality of factory work, nor were there labor laws that could
meet all the demands of workers." Labor Day and Trade Unionism In the
midst of this situation, the first workers' organizations began to emerge,
expressed in unions and other forms of representation. These organizations
were imbued with left-wing ideologies, such as communism and anarchism
(especially anarcho-syndicalism, which had a wide following in Italy, with
leaders such as Errico Malatesta). These workers' organizations used
various strategies to pressure industrialists. The general strike was the main
one. It was due to a wave of general strikes in the United States in the 19th
century that Labor Day became an international icon.

" In Europe, in 1889, anarchists and unions proclaimed May 1 as the


Day of the Martyrs of Chicago and the Workers, which was made official at
the Socialist Congress held in Paris. It all started in 1886, when workers in
the United States demanded a reduction in the working day from 12, 14 and
even 16 hours to eight hours a day. The protests grew and spread
throughout the country. On May 1 of that year, at the initiative of the US-
CANADA Federation of Labor, 190,000 workers went on strike. The police
occupied the city of Chicago and violently repressed the protests, causing
deaths and arrests.

The strike continued in the following days, followed by


demonstrations and public gatherings. On May 4, many protesters were
gathered in Haymarket Square in Chicago, surrounded by police, when, at
one point, a bomb exploded, injuring dozens of people and killing seven.
Among the fatal victims were both police officers and protesters. The
police retaliated by opening fire on the protesters, most of whom shared
anarchist ideas, killing dozens of people. Some of the protesters were
accused of participating in the bomb explosion, tried and sentenced to

3
execution. This fateful event became the symbol of the revolts and
demonstrations of the following years, not only in the United States, but
also in many other countries. Since May 1 was the date on which the events
began (through the general strike), this day came to be used as a memorial
for both the workers' demands and the deaths in Haymarket Square.

4
CONCLUSION

In summary, international workers’ day is more than just a celebration; it is


an opportunity to reassess the progress made and the challenges that still
need to be addressed. The struggle for labor rights is a matter of human
dignity and social justice, and this day reminds us of the importance of
continuing this fight for a more just and equitable world.

5
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

(s.d.).
HOBSBAWN, E. (1997). A produção em massa das tradições. Rio de Janeiro.

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