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Unit 2

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Unit 2

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kakago7436
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Unit 2

Introduction to MongoDB

MongoDB is a popular open-source NoSQL database management system that is designed to


handle large amounts of data across distributed clusters while providing flexibility and
scalability. Here's an introduction to MongoDB:

What is MongoDB?

MongoDB is a document-oriented database, classified as a NoSQL database. Unlike


traditional relational databases that store data in tables with rows and columns, MongoDB
stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents called BSON (Binary JSON) that can have nested
structures. This flexibility allows MongoDB to handle a variety of data types and structures.

Key Features:

Document-Oriented: MongoDB stores data in documents, which are similar to JSON objects.
Each document can have a different structure, making it easy to represent complex data.

Schema-less: MongoDB is schema-less, meaning that documents in a collection can have


different fields. This makes it easy to evolve the data model over time.

Scalability: MongoDB is designed to scale horizontally, meaning you can distribute data
across multiple servers or clusters to handle large amounts of data and traffic.

Indexing: MongoDB supports the indexing of fields in documents, which improves query
performance. Indexes can be created on any field, including fields within arrays and
subdocuments.

Aggregation Framework: MongoDB provides a powerful aggregation framework for data


processing and transformation. It allows you to perform complex operations on the data
within the database itself.

Replication: MongoDB supports replica sets, which are groups of MongoDB servers that
maintain the same data set for high availability and fault tolerance.

Sharding: Sharding allows MongoDB to distribute data across multiple machines, enabling
horizontal scaling as data volume and throughput increase.

Basic Concepts:

Database: MongoDB can manage multiple databases, each of which can have its own
collections.

Collection: A collection is a group of MongoDB documents. It is the equivalent of an RDBMS


table.

Document: A document is a set of key-value pairs and is the basic unit of data in MongoDB.
Documents are stored in BSON format.

Field: A field is a key-value pair within a document.

Query Language:
MongoDB uses a flexible and expressive query language for reading and manipulating data.
The queries are expressed as JSON-like documents.

Use Cases:

MongoDB is suitable for a wide range of applications, including content management


systems, catalogs, real-time big data analytics, mobile applications, and more.

Conclusion:

MongoDB's flexibility, scalability, and ease of use make it a popular choice for developers
working with large and diverse datasets. Whether you're building a small-scale application or
a large-scale system, MongoDB offers a range of features to meet your data storage and
retrieval needs.

Install MongoDB and Setup

Data Types in MongoDB


String: Represents textual data.

Integer: Represents a 32-bit signed integer.

Double: Represents a 64-bit double-precision floating-point number.

Boolean: Represents a true or false value.

Array: Represents an ordered list of values.

Object: Represents an embedded document.

Date: Represents a date and time.

Null: Represents a null value.

Binary Data: Represents binary data.

ObjectId: Represents a unique identifier.

Basic Query In MongoDB


Show Databases:

show databases

Switch Database:

use your_database_name

Insert Document:

db.your_collection_name.insert({ key: "value", key2: "value2" })

Query Documents:

db.your_collection_name.find()

Update Document:

db.your_collection_name.update({ key: "value" }, { $set: { key2: "new_value" } })

Delete Document:

db.your_collection_name.remove({ key: "value" })

Data Modeling and Architecture:


MongoDB's data modeling involves designing the structure of documents and collections. It's
schema-less, allowing for flexibility. Considerations include the nature of your data, query
patterns, and performance requirements. Architecturally, MongoDB supports horizontal
scaling through sharding and replica sets for high availability.

Advantages of MongoDB:
Flexible Schema: MongoDB's schema-less design allows you to evolve your data model over
time without downtime.

Scalability: Easily scales horizontally by sharding data across multiple servers or clusters.

High Performance: Provides high-speed reads and writes, and supports indexing for efficient
queries.

JSON-Like Documents: Documents are stored in BSON, a binary representation of JSON,


making it easy to work with.
Aggregation Framework: Powerful and expressive aggregation framework for data
transformation and analysis.

Horizontal Scaling: Scales out by adding more servers instead of scaling up a single server.

Community Support: Active and vibrant community with extensive documentation.

Rich Query Language: Supports a wide range of queries, including geospatial queries.

Why and Where to Use MongoDB:


Document-Oriented: Ideal for applications with complex and hierarchical data
structures.
Big Data and Real-Time Applications: Well-suited for handling large volumes of data and
real-time analytics.
Content Management Systems: Great for managing diverse content types.
Mobile Applications: Provides a flexible and scalable backend for mobile apps.
Prototyping and Agile Development: Allows for quick iteration and schema changes
during development.
Internet of Things (IoT): Handles large amounts of data generated by IoT devices.
Caching: Can be used as a cache store, especially when dealing with frequently accessed
data.
Log and Event Tracking: Efficient for storing and querying log data.

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