BSc.

(Life Science)

B.Sc. (Life Science) with Botany as one of the core discipline

Category-III

(Semester-I)
Based on
Undergraduate Curriculum Framework 2022 (UGCF)
(Effective from Academic Year 2022-23)

University of Delhi

Course Nature of Total Components Eligibility Criteria/ Prerequisite

Title the Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical
Course

Plant DSC- 04 02 - 02 Chemistry+Physics+Biology/ Biological

Diversity & Botany studies/Biotechnology
Systematics

274
 Semester I

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSES (DSC)

SEMESTER-I

Course Code BOT-DSC-1

Course Title: Plant Diversity and Systematics
Total Credits: 04 (Credits: Theory 02, Practical 02)
Total Hours: Lectures- 30, Practical- 15 classes of 4 hours each

Objective:
To make students aware about the diversity of plants and microbes present on the planet
and their evolutionary relationships.

Learning Outcomes:
This course will be able to impart basic knowledge and understanding of:
• the diversity of plants and microbes
• the possible relationships between each group
• their general characteristics
• approaches used for identification and classification of various groups of plants

Unit 1: Diversity of Life Lectures: 01

Classifying the diversity of life: Domains of Life –Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes

Unit 2: Microbes Lectures: 04

Viruses: General account; Replication, Lytic and Lysogenic cycle; Bacteria: structure, wall-
less forms (L-forms, Mycoplasma), asexual reproduction and genetic recombination

Unit 3: Algae Lectures: 03

Brief introduction of major classes: Blue-green, Green, Brown and Red algae. Diagnostic
features of identification; morphology, reproduction and classification with special reference
to Nostoc, Volvox and Spirogyra.

Unit 4: Fungi Lectures: 03

Diagnostic features of identification; morphology, reproduction and classification with special
reference to Rhizopus, Penicillium and Agaricus; Lichens (a general account).

275
Unit 5: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Lectures: 06
Characteristic features of identification; morphology and reproduction of Bryophytes,
Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms with special reference to Marchantia, Funaria, Pteris and
Pinus (only morphology).

Unit 6: Angiosperms Lectures: 02

Diagnostic features, Structure of flower, types of inflorescence

Unit 7: Systematics Lectures: 01

Aims, fundamental components of systematics, description, identification, nomenclature,
phylogeny, biosystematics.

Unit 8: Systematics in Practices Lectures: 07

Taxonomic Hierarchy- Concept of taxa and categories, Botanical Nomenclature- principles and
rules; Type method; Author citation; Valid publication; Rejection of names, Principle of
priority and its limitations, names of hybrids and cultivars.

Unit 9: Systems of classification Lectures: 03

Classification: Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic. An outline of Bentham and Hooker’s (up
to series only) and Engler and Prantl’s (up to Subclasses) systems of classification and their
merits and Demerits. APG System.

Practicals: (60 hours)

1. Viruses: Electron Micrographs of TMV and Bacteriophage, Specimens of virus infected
plants (any two).
2. Bacteria: Electron Micrographs of a bacterium, types through permanent
slides/photographs, specimens of infected plants (any two).
3. Algae: Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of (a) Nostoc (b) Volvox (c)
Spirogyra through temporary preparations and permanent slides.
4. Fungi: Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of (a) Rhizopus, (b) Penicillium
and (c) Agaricus through temporary preparations and permanent
slides/specimens/photographs.
5. Lichens: Crustose, Foliose and Fruticose (specimens/ digital resources)
6. Bryophytes: Study of (a) Marchantia: morphology of thallus, W.M. rhizoids and scales,
V.S. thallus through gemma cup, W.M. gemmae (all temporary slides), V.S. antheridiophore,
archegoniophore, L.S. sporophyte (all permanent slides), (b) Funaria: detailed study and
classification from W.M. rhizoids, operculum, peristome, spores and permanent slides of
archegonia, antheridia and capsule.
7. Pteridophytes: Study of Pteris: T. S. of Rachis, V.S. of Sporophyll and W.M. of
sporangium.
8. Gymnosperms: Study of Pinus morphology of long & dwarf shoot, male and female
cones (specimens) and T.S. of needle (permanent slides only).

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9. Herbarium technique: Mounting of a properly dried and pressed specimen of any wild
plant on the herbarium sheet with complete herbarium label.
10. Taxonomic study of characters of one plant from each of the following families (any four):
Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceace, Liliaceae.

Suggested Readings:
1. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, 4th
edition. Singapore, John Wiley and Sons (Asia).
2. Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology, 2nd edition. Delhi, Delhi: Affiliated East-
West. Press Pvt. Ltd.
3. Bhatnagar, S.P., Moitra, A. (1996). Gymnosperms. New Delhi, Delhi: New Age
International (P) Ltd. Publishers.
4. Parihar, N.S. (1991). An introduction to Embryophyta. Vol. I. Bryophyta. Prayagraj: U.P.:
Central Book Depot.
5. Pelczar, M.J. (2001). Microbiology, 5th edition. New Delhi, Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Co.
6. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case. C.L. (2007). Microbiology. San Francisco, U.S.A:
Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
7. Raven, P.H., Evert, RF., Eichhorn, S.E. (2013). Biology of Plants, 8th edition, New York,
NY: W.H. Freeman and Company.
8. Sethi, I.K., Walia, S.K. (2018). Text book of Fungi and Their Allies. (2nd Edition),
Medtech Publishers, Delhi.
9. Vashishta, P.C., Sinha, A.K., Kumar, A. (2010). Pteridophyta. New Delhi, Delhi: S. Chand
& Co Ltd.
10. Singh, G. (2020). Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice, 4th edition. CBS Publishers and
Distributers, New Delhi.
11. Simpson, M.G. (2020). Plant Systematics, 3rd edition, Elsevier Academic Press, San
Diego, CA, U.S.A.
12. Gupta R. 2011. Plant Taxonomy: past, present, and future. New Delhi: The Energy and
resources Institute (TERI).
13. Judd W.S., Campbell C.S., Kellogg, E. A., Stevens, P.F., Donoghue M.J. (2015). Plant
Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach 4th Edition Sinauer Associates, Oxford University
Press. USA.
14. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. (for APG IV classification).

Keywords: Bacteria, Viruses, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiopserms,

Classification

277
 B.Sc. (Life Science) with Chemistry as one of the core discipline
Category-III

(Semester-I)
Based on
Undergraduate Curriculum Framework 2022 (UGCF)
(Effective from Academic Year 2022-23)

University of Delhi

Course Nature of Total Components Eligibility Criteria/ Prerequisite

Title the Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical
Course

Basic DSC- 04 02 - 02 Chemistry+Physics+Biology/ Biological

Concepts of Chemistry studies/Biotechnology
Organic
Chemistry

278
 Course Code : CHEM-DSC-01
Course Title: Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry
Total Credits: 04 (Credits: Theory-02, Practical-02)
Total Lectures: Theory- 30, Practical- 15 classes of 4 hours each

Objectives: The course is infused with the recapitulation of fundamentals of organic chemistry
and the introduction of the concept of visualizing the organic molecules in a three-dimensional
space. To establish the applications of these concepts, a study of diverse reactions through
mechanisms is included. The constitution of the course strongly aids in the paramount learning
of the basic concepts and their applications.

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of the course, the students will be able to:

• Understand and explain the differential behavior of organic compounds based on

fundamental concepts learnt.
• Understand the fundamental concepts of stereochemistry.
• Formulate the mechanism of organic reactions by recalling and correlating the
fundamental properties of the reactants involved.
• Learn and identify many organic reactions and their mechanisms including electrophilic
addition, nucleophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic substitution and
rearrangement reactions.

Unit 1: Fundamentals of organic chemistry Lectures: 05

Types of Electronic displacements: Inductive effect, Resonance effect, Hyperconjugation,
Electromeric Effect. Reactive intermediates and their stability: carbocations, free radicals,
carbanions, benzyne, carbenes.
Acidity and basicity in organic compounds (comparison of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols,
primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines, aniline and its derivatives)

UNIT 2: Stereochemistry Lectures: 07

Types of projection formulae: Flying Wedge Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer
representations and their interconversion.
Stereoisomerism: Concept of chirality (upto two carbon atoms). Configurational isomerism:
geometrical and optical isomerism; enantiomerism, diastereomerism and meso compounds).
Threo and erythro; D and L; Cis-trans nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon
atoms) and E/Z nomenclature (for upto two C=C systems).
Conformational isomerism with respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane.

279
UNIT 3: Types of Organic Reactions (Including reactions of alkenes, alkyl and aryl halides, alcohols,
aldehydes, ketones)
Lectures: 18
Electrophilic addition reactions
Electrophilic addition reaction (with respect to propene, propyne, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene):
Hydration, Addition of HX in the absence and presence of peroxide, Hydroboration oxidation,
Addition of bromine (with stereochemistry).

Nucleophilic addition reactions

Nucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl compounds: Addition of HCN, ammonia derivatives
(Hydroxylamine, Hydrazine, Semicarbazide and 2,4-DNP), the addition of carbanion (Aldol
condensation, Claisen Schmidt, Benzoin condensation, Perkin reaction, reactions involving
Grignard reagent).

Elimination and Nucleophilic substitution reactions

Nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN1 and SN2) in alkyl halides (mechanisms with
stereochemical aspect), alcohols (with nucleophiles like ammonia, halides, thiols, ambident
nucleophiles (cyanide and nitrite ion)), ethers (Williamson ether synthesis), Elimination
reaction (E1 & E2), elimination vs substitution (w.r.t. potassium t-butoxide and KOH);
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in aryl halides-elimination addition reaction w.r.t.
chlorobenzene, including the effect of nitro group (on the ring) on the reaction. relative
reactivity and strength of C-X bond in alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards
substitution reactions

Electrophilic substitution reactions

Electrophilic Aromatic substitution with mechanism (benzene)- sulphonation, nitration,
halogenation, Friedel craft acylation :o-, m- and p- directive influence giving examples of
toluene/nitrobenzene/ phenol/ aniline/ chlorobenzene.

Reactive intermediates and Rearrangement Reactions

Free radicals (Birch Reduction); Carbocations (Pinacol-Pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein,
Rearrangement, and Beckmann rearrangement); Carbanions (Michael Addition); Carbenes (
Reimer-Tiemann).

PRACTICALS: 60 hours
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 4 hours each)

1. Purification of an organic compound by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and

distillation, Criteria of purity: Determination of M.P.
2. Determination of boiling point of liquid compounds. (Boiling point lower than and
more than 100 °C by distillation and capillary method)
3. Detection of extra element
4. Preparations: (Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed).

280
a. Bromination of phenol/aniline.
b. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehydes and ketones
c. Semicarbazone of aldehydes/ ketones
d. Aldol condensation reaction using green method.
e. Bromination of Stilbene.
f. Acetanilide to p-Bromoacetanilide.
The above derivatives should be prepared using 0.5-1g of the organic compound. The solid
samples must be collected and may be used for recrystallization and melting point.
References:
Theory:
1. Sykes, P.(2003), A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition
Pearson Education.
2. Eliel, E. L. (2001), Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Morrison, R. N.; Boyd, R. N., Bhattacharjee, S.K. (2010), Organic Chemistry, 7th
Edition, Pearson Education.
4. Bahl, A; Bahl, B. S. (2019), Advanced Organic Chemistry, 22nd Edition, S. Chand.

Practical:
1. Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. (2012), Vogel's
Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson.
2. Mann, F.G.; Saunders, B.C. (2009), Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education.
3. Dhingra, S; Ahluwalia V.K., (2017), Advanced Experimental Organic Chemistry,
Manakin Press.
4. Pasricha, S., Chaudhary, A. (2021), Practical Organic Chemistry: Volume I, I K
International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Teaching Learning Process:
• Blend of conventional blackboard teaching, modern teaching learning tools and
• Computational infrastructure- based instructions and Practical training.
• Problem solving and quizzes for enhanced understanding of the concepts.
• Explaining the handling and usage of the hardware and softwares required for solution
to the given set of problems.
Assessment Methods:
• Presentations by individual student/ group of students
• Class Tests at periodic intervals.
• Written assignment(s)
• End semester University theory examination presentations by individual student/ group
of students
Keywords: Chirality, Electrophilic addition, Nucleophilic addition, Nucleophilic substitution,
Electrophilic substitution

281
 B.Sc. (Life Science) with Zoology as one of the core discipline

Category-III

(Semester-I)
Based on
Undergraduate Curriculum Framework 2022 (UGCF)
(Effective from Academic Year 2022-23)

University of Delhi

Course Nature of Total Components Eligibility Criteria/ Prerequisite

Title the Credits Lecture Tutorial Practical
Course

Diversity of DSC- 04 02 - 02 Chemistry+Physics+Biology/ Biological

Animals Zoology studies/Biotechnology

282
 Course Code : ZOO-DSC-01
Course Title: Diversity of Animals
Total Credits: 04 (Credits: Theory-02, Practical-02)
Total Lectures: Theory- 30 hrs., Practical- 15 classes of 4 hours each

Objectives: The objective of this course is to teach the students concepts of morpho- taxonomy
aswell as understand the characteristics and physiological aspects of unicellular and metazoan
animals. The course lays emphasis on creating awareness and concern towards significance of
animal diversity for human survival and its socio- economic importance. In addition to this, the
course is aimed at nurturing skills of conducting scientific inquiry and experimentation in the
field of animal diversity to acquire knowledge of fundamental concepts and theories of animal
diversity.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of the course, the students will be able to:
• Acquire knowledge of diversity of non-chordate and chordates.
• Learn characteristics, morphotaxonomy, structural organization and physiological life
systemof diverse animal groups.
• Understand the economic importance of non-chordates and chordates and their
importance inthe ecosystem.
• Learn evolutionary relationships and phylogeny of invertebrates and vertebrates to
structuralas well as functional similarities.

Unit I– Introduction 02 hrs.

Introduction to five kingdom classification system, General characters of kingdom Animalia
and basis of its classification (with special reference to coelom), Concept of Taxonomic
Hierarchy (up to species level), significance of binomial nomenclature.

Unit II: Protista to Pseudocoelomates 09 hrs.

Characteristics of acoelomates and pseudocoelomates. Locomotory organelles and locomotion

inProtozoa, Canal system in Porifera, Polymorphism in Cnidaria (Hydrozoa), Life cycle of
Taeniasolium and its Parasitic adaptations, Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides and its Parasitic
adaptations.

Unit III: Coelomates 09 hrs.

General features of coelomates, Metamerism in Annelida, Vision in Arthropoda,
Metamorphosis in Insects. Torsion and detorsion in Gastropoda. Pearl Formation, Water-
vascular system in Asteroidea

283
Unit IV: Chordates 10 hrs.
Salient features of protochordates and chordates, Retrogressive metamorphosis in
protochordates, Osmoregulation, Migration, and Parental care in fishes, Parental care in
Amphibians, Flight adaptations and Migration in birds, Biting mechanism in snakes, Origin of
mammals.

PRACTICAL [60 hours]

1. General Characteristics and Classification up toclasses: Protista, Porifera,

Cnidaria,Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes. Study of museum
specimens: Amoeba,Euglena, Paramecium, Sycon, Euplectella, Obelia,
Physalia, Aurelia, Metridium, larval stage of Taenia solium, Male and female Ascaris
lumbricoides.

2. General Characteristics and Classification up to classes: Annelida, Arthropoda,

Mollusca, Echinodermata. Study of museum specimens: Aphrodite, Nereis,
Chaetopterus, Pheretima, Hirudinaria, Palaemon, Cancer, Limulus, Palamnaeus,
Scolopendra, Chiton, Dentalium, Pila, Unio, Octopus, Pentaceros, Echinus,
Cucumaria, Antedon.

3. Study of following specimens, general characteristics and classification:

Balanoglossus, Amphioxus, Herdmania.

4. Study of following specimens, general characteristics and classification up to order:

Petromyzon, Pristis, Exocoetus, Hippocampus, Hyla, Salamander
Ichthyophis/Uraeotyphlus, Naja, Viper, Hydrophis, Chameleon, Uromastix, Milvus,
Anas, Psittacula, Loris, Pteropus, Sorex

5. Submission of report on an excursion to a Sanctuary/ Biodiversity Park.

Note: Classification to be followed from Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., Barnes R.D. “Invertebrate
Zoology” 7th Edition., Cengage Leaning, India” & Young, J. Z. (2004) The Life of Vertebrates.
III Edition. Oxford university press.

Recommended Books:
1. Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., Barnes, R. D. Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional
EvolutionaryApproach. 7th Edition, Cengage Learning, India.
2. Young, J. Z. (2004) The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition. Oxford university press.
3. Barrington, E.J.W. (2012) Invertebrate Structure and Functions. II Edition, EWP
Publishers.
Pechenik, J. A. (2015) Biology of the Invertebrates. VII Edition, McGraw-Hill Education
4. Campbell & Reece (2005). Biology, Pearson Education, (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
5. Kardong, K. V. (2002). Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy. Function and Evolution.
TataMcGraw Hill Publishing Company. New Delhi.
6. Pough H. Vertebrate Life, VIII Edition, Pearson International.

284
7. Lal, S.S. (2012), Practical Zoology Invertebrate.
8. Lal S.S. (2015-16), Practical Zoology Vertebrate.
9. P. S. Verma (2010), A Manual of Practical Zoology: Chordates.

Teaching Learning Process:

• Blend of conventional blackboard teaching, modern teaching
learning tools and computational infrastructure- based instructions and Practical training.
• Problem solving and quizzes for enhanced understanding of the concepts.
• Explaining the handling and usage of the hardware and software required for solution
to thegiven set of problems.

Assessment Methods:
• Presentations by Individual Student/ Group of Students
• Class Tests at Periodic Intervals.
• Written assignment(s)
• End semester University Theory Examination Presentations by Individual Student/
Group of Students

REGISTRAR

285