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Chapter 2 Lecture(I)
United State History

European Exploration of the Americas

 In 1492 the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, sailing on behalf of the king and queen of Spain, sailed west
from Spain in search of a route to Asia that would be faster than Africa.
 In the 1500s, Spanish explorers came to North America in search of gold.
 Juan Ponce de Leon was the first European to reach the United States.

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 Within a few years, Hernando de Soto was sent to settle this area. He traveled through much of what is now
the southeastern states and was the first European to reach the Mississippi River.
 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explored what is now the American Southwest.
 Amerigo Vespucci, for whom the Americas are named, was the first European to sight the mouth of the
Amazon River.
 John Cabot, whose voyage was financed by England, landed in Canada. Cabot returned to England to report
finding rich fishing areas.
 The Italian Giovanni da Verrazano explored the. Atlantic coast of North America. He was the first European to
enter New York Bay.
 Wherever the Europeans claimed land in the New World, they established settlements and spread their culture.
Their influence, including language, customs, and foods, is visible today.
Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?
 American Indians
 Native Americans

What is one reason colonists came to America?

 freedom
 political liberty
 religious freedom
 economic opportunity
 practice their religion
 escape persecution

English Colony in Virginia

1. The first successful English settlement, Jamestown, was established in 1607 in what would become
Virginia. After several rocky years, the settlement began to profit from a valuable new crop, tobacco.
 In 1619, the colonist in Virginia created an elected legislature called House of Burgesses. Most of these elected
representatives were members of the Church of England (Anglican Church).
 In 1758, George Washington was elected to the House of Burgesses and served in the position for 15 years.
 Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson were also the members of this legislature.
Who is the “Father of U.S.”?
 George Washington

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English Colony in New England

2.A small group of Separatists who sought religious freedom from Church of England sailed on Mayflower to establish a religious
settlement in Virginia. These people called themselves Pilgrims who were religious dissenters, or protesters. They found in
Massachusetts. In order to set up a government for their colony (Plymouth), the Pilgrims drafted Mayflower Compact which is a
set of basic law. The compact contained the fundamental democratic principle that a government’s power depends on
the consent of the governed.

 Another English religious group (Puritans) freedom from Church of England sailed on New England. Approximately 20,000
Puritans lived in this region.

The English Colony

3.However, there were some who felt that the Puritan leaders should not have so much control over the colonists’
lives.Roger Williams believed that the government should not establish laws dealing with religion.
As a result, he was banished by the Puritan leaders. Williams went on to found a new colony, Rhode Island, in 1636.
In Rhode Island, government and religion were kept separate, and people could worship as they chose.

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4.Thomas Hooker, a minister, also disagreed with some of the laws established by the Puritan leaders. He led a small group of
colonists to an area in Connecticut to establish a community in which all men could vote, regardless of whether or not they were
members of the church.
5.The colony of New Hampshire was established when colonists from the Massachusetts Bay Colony moved farther north to
settle.

6.Around this same time, in 1632, King Charles I of England gave North American land to Cecilius Calvert, an English noble also
known as Lord Baltimore. Calvert, a Catholic, founded the colony of Maryland so that members of his religion could escape the
religious persecution they often faced in England.

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The Thirteen Colonies take Shape

 In 1663 the new king of England, Charles II, wanted to start another colony in North America.
7 and 8. Several European countries, including England, all claimed the land located south of the colony of Virginia. King Charles
founded was called Carolina. Colonists began to settle this area because of its quality farmland. In 1729 the colony was separated
into North Carolina and South Carolina.

9.In 1664 the Dutch colony of New Netherland was taken over by English forces. The King of England gave the colony to his
brother James, the Duke of York, who kept part of the territory and renamed it New York.
10.James gave the rest of the territory to two of his friends, John Berkeley and George Carteret, who divided it into two colonies,
which later joined to become New Jersey in 1702.

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11.During this time, William Penn, an Englishman who belonged to a religious group known as Quakers, everyone should have
the freedom to worship as he or she wished. In 1681, Penn was given a large piece of land in North America as repayment for
money owed to his family by King Charles II. This new land was called Pennsylvania.
12. Penn was later given more land by the Duke of York. This land was part of Pennsylvania for a time, but later it became a new
colony, Delaware.
13. In 1732, King George II of England started another colony in an attempt to keep the French and Spanish out of the area to the
south of South Carolina. This land was given to James Oglethorpe, who named the colony Georgia in honor of the king.

 By the mid-1700s, there were 13 English colonies along the Atlantic coast:
1) Virginia ( 100 European people sailing)
2) Massachusetts (Pilgrims in Plymouth, for religious freedom)
3) Rhode Island (Roger Williams , Puritans , because of religion)
4) Connecticut (Thomas Hooker, Freedom to vote)
5) New Hampshire (colonists from Massachusetts Bay Colony, to settle)
6) Maryland (Cecilius Calvert, a Catholic, to escape the religious persecution)
7) North Carolina (king of England, Charles II, because of its quality farmland)
8) South Carolina (king of England, Charles II, because of its quality farmland)
9) New York (James, the Duke of York given by his brother King of England)
10)New Jersey (John Berkeley & George Carteret, given by friend James)
11)Pennsylvania (William Penn, repayment for money by King Charles II)
12)Delaware (William Penn, given by James , the Duke of York)
13)Georgia (James Oglethorpe, given by King George II, to keep the French and
Spanish out of the area)

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Tensions Rise Between the Colonies and Great Britain

Causes of Tensions
1.Sugar Act of 1764
2.Stamp Act of 1765
3.Townshend Acts
4.Tea Act
5.Intolerable Acts
Why did the colonists fight the British?
1) because of high taxes (taxation without representation)
2) because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering)
3) because they didn’t have self-government

Sugar Act of 1764

King George III of Great Britain and the British Parliament enacted a number of laws that imposed taxes on the colonists.
These included the Sugar Act of 1764, which taxed sugar as well as coffee and cloth.

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Stamp Act of 1765

The Stamp Act of 1765 required colonists to pay for a British stamp on any official document. After many colonists grew angry
about the Stamp Act, Parliament chose to undo the law.

Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts taxed items imported from Britain to the colonies, such as lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea.
In 1770 in Boston, an argument between a group of colonists and a British soldier grew to include several soldiers. Shots were
fired, killing five colonists in what was called the Boston Massacre.
The Townshend Acts were a series of measures, passed by the British Parliament in 1767, that taxed goods imported to the
American colonies. But American colonists, who had no representation in Parliament, saw the Acts as an abuse of power.

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Tea Act
In 1773 the Tea Act gave a British company the right to sell low-priced tea to the colonists.
A group of colonists dumped the tea into Boston Harbor, an event now known as the Boston Tea Party.

Intolerable Acts
In response, the British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts. These laws were intended to punish the
colonists by closing the port of Boston and bringing the government of Massachusetts under tighter British
control.

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What is one reason colonists came to America? Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States.
 freedom  Missouri
 political liberty  Mississippi
 religious freedom
 economic opportunity Why does the flag have 13 stripes?
 practice their religion • because there were 13 original colonies
 escape persecution • because the stripes represent the original colonies
Name one state that borders Canada.
 Maine
 New Hampshire
 Vermont
 New York
 Pennsylvania
 Ohio
 Michigan
 Minnesota
 North Dakota
 Montana
 Idaho
 Washington
 Alaska

Quiz
(repeal = ဖျက်သမိ ်းသည်, boycott=ဝယ်ရန်ြငင်းဆိသည် , protest = ကနက ့် က
ွ သ
် ည် , proclaim =ေ ကြငာသည် , ignore )
(Boston Tea Party/ The Quartering Act/ The Stamp Act/ Townshend Act/ Intolarable Act/ Tea Act/ Sugar Act?)
1. Which part of the British government passes acts?
2. Many colonists began to _______________ ,or object to, the Quartering Act.
3. Many colonists decided to __________________, or refuse to buy, tea because of the tax.
4. After many colonists grew angry about the Stamp Act, Parliament chose to _______________, or undo, the law.
5. How did the colonists react to the Stamp Act?
6. Which did NOT cause the colonists' anger that led to the Boston Massacre?
7. Which of these laws made colonists provide British soldiers with food, transportation, and housing?
8. What did the colonists call the laws that were passed to punish them after the Boston Tea Party?
9. The Stamp Act forced colonists to pay a tax on ----------
10. Who was the king of Great Britain during the American Revolution?
11. Which of these documents blamed George III for everything the Americans didn't like about being a colony?

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