JPRC 2023: WISDOM FROM ABOVE

REVIEW EXERCISES
SW Research and Statistics

Choose the letter of your correct answer.

1. Social work research is

a) None of these b) applied research c) pure research d) basic
research

2. Evaluative study is a method in

a) Rating scales b) community survey
c) Social work case record d) social research

3. The nature of social work research as applied is in the

a) Statistical treatment c) formulation of research design

b) Identification of the problem d) utilization of research results

4. A systematic investigation with the main objective to produce knowledge that can put to
use in planning or carrying out social work program
a) scientific study c) research
b) social work research d) social research

5. A premise of supposition that something is true for the purpose of theoretical

development
a) Concept b) hypothesis c) assumption d) theory

6. A relationship in which an increase in the values of one variable is accompanied by an

increase in the value of the second variable
a) No relationship b) Negative c) Positive Direct d) Inverse

7. The formulation of conclusion and recommendation in research depends on the

a) Gathered data b) statistical tables
c) Type of research design d) analysis and interpretation

8. The final step in research is

a) Preparing the research design b) preparing the questionnaire
c) Data collection d) writing the research report

9. Research is imperative in
a) Professionalization of social work practice c) Policy-formation

b) program and project formulation d) all of these

10. The systematic investigation that uses standardized procedures to establishes casual
laws that enable one to predict and explain scientific phenomena refers to
a) Concept b) hypothesis c) assumption d) Knowledge

11. A set of concepts plus the interrelationships that are assumed to exist among these
concepts
a) Concept b) hypothesis c) assumption d) theory

12. Are properties that take on different values

a) Variables b) hypothesis c) measures d) indicators
 13. The data are in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs rather than numbers.
a) Variables b) quantitative b) qualitative d) mixed methods

14. Which measure of central tendency represents the point of maximum frequency in a
distribution?
a) Mean b) Mode c) Median d) Standard deviation

15. A measure of central tendency which considers the point of balance?

a) Mean b) Mode c) Median d) Standard deviation
16. Which measure of central tendency cuts the distribution in half when the scores are
arrange from high to low?
a) Mean b) Mode c) Median d) Standard Deviation

17. A measure of how scores scatter around the center of distribution is

a) variance b) standard deviance c) range d) all of the above

18. The greater the variability around the mean of a distribution the larger the media
a) range b) inter-quartile range c) variance d) all of the above

19. It refers to the most stable measure of variability

a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) standard deviation

20. A bell-shaped and symmetrical theoretical distribution, with the mean, the median, and
the mode all coinciding at its peak and with frequencies gradually decreasing at both
ends of the curve.
a) Normal distribution b) skewed distribution c) irregular distribution

21. When scores of two variables move together in the same direction, there is
a) Negative correlation b) positive correlation c) no correlation

22. The variance and standard deviation assume

a) Nominal data c) interval data
b) Ordinal data d) a normal distribution

23. Refers to the art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.
a) Research b) Statistics c) Regression d) None of the choices

24.Is concerned with making judgments about a population based on properties of some
samples.
A) Research b) Statistics c) Descriptive d) Inferential

25. Is concerned with simplifying and giving properties to data

a. Research b. Statistics c. Descriptive d. Inferential

26. Are ‘raw facts and figures’

a. Data b. Information c. Variables d. Measures

27. Refers to the interpretation we give to collected data after we have analyzed them
a. Data b. Information c. Variables d. Findings

28. Is a characteristic that differs in quantity or quality among units under study
a. Data b. Information c. Variable d. Findings

29. Refers to the number of times that a given value category or values occurs within a
groups of cases
a. Frequency b. Hypothesis c. Percentage d. Ratio

30. Refers to the statement of a relationship between or among variables

 a. Frequency b. Hypothesis c. Percentage d. Ratio

31. It compares the number of cases in a given category with the total size of the
distribution
a. Proportions b. Hypothesis c. Percentage d. Ratio

32. Is the frequency of occurrence of a category per 100 cases; useful in computing for
distribution or disaggregation of a set of particular observation
a. Proportions b. Hypothesis c. Percentage d. Ratio

33. Directly compares the number of cases falling into one category with the number of
cases falling into another.
a. Proportions b. Hypothesis c. Percentage d. Ratio

34. Frequency distributions can be used to

a. Compare gender differences in violent behaviors
b. Display the grades on a midterm examination for all students in a social work
course
c. Compute attitude of students and their parents on PDAF
d. All of the above

35. By definition class intervals contain more than one

a. score value b. score c. respondent d. category

36. Which of the following is employed when comparing a score on a final examination
against the entire population of grades in a class?
a. midpoint b. class interval c. class limits d. percentile rank

37. The direction of skewness is determined by the relative position of the

a. Peak of the distribution c. tail of the distribution
b. Midpoint of the distribution d. class limits of the distribution

38. To show changes in birth rate from 1990 to present by year, a researcher would
probably use a
a. pie chart b. bar graph c. line graph d. frequency polygon

39.. The variance and standard deviation assume

a. nominal data b. ordinal data c. interval data d. normal distribution

40. Probability varies from

a. zero to infinity c. 1.0 to 100.0
b. zero to 1.0 d. -1.0 to +1.0

41. Which of the following is not true of a normal curve?

a. It is skewed c. its total area contains 100% of the cases
b. It is a probability distribution d. the mean, median and mode are identical

42. The equation P=.33 for obtaining an income between PhP40,000 and PhP50,000
represents a
a. percentage c. frequency of occurrence
b. probability expressed as proportion d. z score

43. The level of probability at which the null hypothesis can be rejected with confidence
is known as
a. level of significance c. degrees of freedom
b. distribution d. all of the above
44. In a statistical sense, “significant” means
 a. important b. large c. real d. unlikely to be found in the population

45. When the points in a scatter plot cluster closely around the regression line, the
correlation can be said to be
a. weak b. strong c. positive d. negative
46. A correlation coefficient expresses in a single number
a. The strength of a correlation
b. The direction of the correlation
c. Both the strength and the direction of a correlation
d. None of the above

47. Which of the following is not required by Pearson’s r?

a. a straight line relationship c. random sampling
b. nominal data d. normally distributed characteristics

48. When respondents who score high in the board exam also tend to get high grades
in college, whereas those who score low in the board exam do poorly in college, there is
a reason to posit
a. A positive correlation between board exam rating and college grades
b. A negative correlation between board exam rating and college grades
c. A zero correlation between board exam rating and college grades
d. None of the above

49. When using the slovin’s formula for computing the sample, the standard margin of
error used for social sciences is
a. 1% b. 5% c. 10% d. any number will
do
50 Compare means between two independent groups
a. Anova b. Independent sample t-test c. regression d. pearson r

51. Non-parametric alternative to Pearson’s correlation coefficient

a. Anova b. t-test c. regression d. Chi-square
52. Compare means between two related groups (e.g., the same subjects before
and after)
a. Anova b. dependent sample t-test c. regression d. pearson r

53. The only level of measurement with an absolute zero point.

a. Nominal b. Interval c. Ordinal d. Ratio

54. Extent to which similar findings would be obtained given the same data collection
Process
a. Validity b. Reliability c. Measurement d. Proportions

55. A software used by the Social Sciences in analyzing quantitative data

a. Excel b. NVivo c. SPSS d. QDA

The following is a cross tabulation of whether respondents rent or own their own home by
social class for a sample of 240 heads of households;

Housing status
Social Class
Rent Own Total

F % F % F %
 Lower 62 51.6 18 15 80 33.4

Middle 47 39.2 63 52.5 110 45.8

Upper 11 9.2 39 32.5 50 20.8

Total 120 100 120 100 240 100

56. What is the dependent variable?

a. Social Class b. Housing Status c. Both d. No dependent variable

57. Which of the following is true in terms of the findings?

a. Majority of those in the upper class own a house.
b. More than half of those in the lower class rent a house.
c. There are more middle class who own a house than upper class.
d. Both B and C are correct.

58. Which of the social class has the greatest tendency to rent?
a. Lower Class b. Middle Class c. Upper Class d. None of the Above

59. Which social class has the greatest tendency to own?

a.Lower Class b. Middle Class c. Upper Class d. None of the Above

60. What can be concluded about the relationship between social class and housing status?

a. The higher the social class the greatest is the tendency to own a house.
b. Housing status depends on the Social Class.
c. Middle Class has the greatest tendency to own a house compared to upper class.
d. Majority of those in the middle class rent a house.

61. A probability distribution is based on

a. actual observations c. probability theory

b. the addition rule d. multiplication rule
62. When the requirements of Pearson r cannot be met, we might be able to employ

a. a t ratio c. a parametric measure of correlation

b. a non parametric measure of correlation d. none of the above

63. Which of the following is a non- parametric tool?

a. Pearson R b. Chi square c. T Test d Anova

64. A subset of the populations that should represent the entire group

a. Population b. Sample c. Sampling Unit d. population

65. An approach to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a lived

experience within a particular group

a. Case Study b. Phenomenology b. grounded theory d participatory research

66. Ones in which members of the population have a known chance (probability) of being
selected
a. Probability Sampling c) Non Probability Sampling

b. Simple random d. Convenience Sampling

67. For research, case study reports are sources of

a. Data but cannot be used c. Secondary data

b. primary data d. not related

68. The study of the situation of street children using the scientific method of research is
already applied in undertaking
a. Casework b. advocacy c. social research d. community organizing

69. The numerical values are just use to name or categorize the attribute uniquely.
a. Nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio

70. Measurements are rank-ordered.

a. Nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
71. All writings of a particular time, country etc. especially those of an imaginative or critical
character valued for excellence of form and expression.
a) Literature b) Article c)
Journal
72. Frequency distributions can be used to
a. Compare gender differences in violent behaviors
b. Display the grades on a midterm examination for all students in a social work
course
c. Compute attitude of students and their parents on PDAF
d. All of the above

73. The probability of being selected is “known and equal” for all members of the population
a. Systematic Sampling c. Stratified Sampling
b. Simple random d. Convenience

74. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research.

a. Description b. Exploration c. Explanation d.
Manipulation

75. A feature of the scientific method that requires a person to consider knowledge as
provisional and subject to refutation.
a. Objectivity b. Replication
c. Open mindedness d. Observation

76. Which of the following refers to the systematic observation of social life for the purpose of
finding and understanding patterns among what is observed?

a. Psychology research b. Legal research

c. Social research d. Clinical research

77. The following are all importance of research EXCEPT one.

a. Provides answers to questions c. Discover body of

knowledge
b. Systematize common patterns to specific issues d. Provides problem
situation

78. The profile studies of child labor in a sugarcane industry is an example of what type of
research?

a. Exploratory b. Experimental c. Descriptive d.

Manipulative
79. The goal of exploratory research. A To explore new phenomenon
b. To define and describe social phenomena
c. To seek to identify causes and effects of social phenomena
d. To identify the impact of social policies and programs

80. Development of community-based approaches to deter violence against women and

children is an example of what type of research method:

a. Feminist research b. survey c. Ethnography d. Action Research

81. A research report contains_____________.

a. an executive summary
b. a succinct description of all the steps in the research process
c. a special section for consumer use
d. tables and charts listing all data from the study

82. Research results can be used for the following except

a. program development c. promotion from work
b. education work d. policy formulation

83. Which is appropriate form of research dissemination when presenting to group of

scholars?
a. press release b. workshop c. research colloquium d. creative form

84. How are answers to numerical response questions coded?

a. They are assigned to a number code
b. They are already in a number form and are entered as is
c. They are assigned a letter code
d. Using a statistical package

85. What is the first step in qualitative data analysis?

a. Summarizing responses c. Coding data
b. Manual word analysis d. Manual content analysis

86. Which is not a validation of research instrument?

a. Item-analysis b. Post-testing
c. Consultation with experts d. Pre-testing

87. This type of research is used when little is known about the phenomenon.
a. Explanatory b. Exploratory c. Descriptive d. Action-
oriented

88. In explanatory studies, the variable hypothesized as responsible for causing change is
the_____________.
a. Independent variable c. Extraneous variable
b. Dependent variable d. Outcome variable

89. A research sample to be used when members are chosen randomly or purposively based
on group classification.
a. random sampling b. stratified sampling c. cluster sampling d. quota sampling

90. It provides specific direction for procedure in a research study.

a. Research method c. Research locale
b. Research agenda d. Research design

91. A research sample where members are chosen based on availability of respondents.
a. snowball sampling c. cluster sampling
b. convenience sampling d. purposive sampling
92. What is empirical evidence?
a. Data that has been collected and analyzed c. Published research
articles
b. First hand stories that have been gathered from clients d. A hunch or intuition

93. What is threatened when a researcher consciously or unconsciously introduces bias?

a. Development of a theory c. Neutrality
b. Rigorous methods d. Ethics

94. Inferring that the findings from a sample of participants apply to a larger population is
known as
a. Extrapolation b. Scaling the sample c. Generalizing d.
Applying

95. Which of the following does not describe the quantitative method?
a. Measures the quantity of something c. Deductive reasoning
b. Linear research process d. Open-ended questions

96. Not informing research subjects that they are being studied is what kind of ethical breach?
a. Deception of participants c. A double-blind study
b. Deception of research overseer d. Avoidance of reactivity

97. Why must ethical safeguards be in place when conducting research study?
a. To avoid harming research participants
b. To avoid angering research participants
c. To assure that research findings can be published
d. To preserve the reputation of the researcher

98. Which of the following is not usually considered when deciding on a research topic?
a. Does the topic have immediate practical applications?
b. Is the topic important?
c. Is the topic interesting to the researcher?
d. Can the researcher gain access to the required data?

99. A literature review is presented to

a. Show the researcher’s credentials
b. Illustrate how the study has added to the topic’s body of knowledge
c. Help describe the research topic
d. Show that the research project was important

100. A literature review includes all but which of the following elements?
a. Surveying b. Hypothesizing c. Synthesizing d. Critically
analyzing