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Concepts of Database Management, Eighth Edition Solutions 1-2

11. It is possible to get more information from the same amount of data by using a database approach as opposed to a
nondatabase approach because all data is stored in a single database, instead of being stored in dozens of separate
files, making the process of obtaining information quicker, easier, and even possible in certain situations.
12. Sharing of data means that several users can have access to the same piece of data and use it in a variety of ways.
13. The DBA (database administrator or database administration) is the central person or group in an organization in
charge of the database and the DBMS that runs the database. The DBA attempts to balance the needs of individuals
and the overall needs of the organization.
14. Multiple copies of the same data in an organization leads to inconsistency because each piece of data can have
different values. Controlling redundancy is the result of eliminating, or at least reducing, the multiple copies.
Improved consistency is the result of this controlled redundancy.
15. An integrity constraint is a rule that the data in a database must follow. A database has integrity when the data in it
satisfies all established integrity constraints. A good DBMS should provide an opportunity for users to incorporate
these integrity constraints when they design the database. The DBMS then should ensure that these constraints are
not violated.
16. Security is the prevention of access to the database by unauthorized users. A DBMS provides security features such
as passwords. As additional security, the DBA can assign users to groups and restrict each group to certain data and
to certain types of access.
17. Data independence is the property that lets you change the structure of a database without requiring you to change
the programs that access the database. With data independence, you easily can change the structure of the database
when the need arises.
18. In a database environment, file size is a disadvantage because the DBMS is a large program that occupies a great
amount of disk space and internal memory. Also, because all the data that the database manages for you is stored in
one file, the database file itself requires a large amount of disk space and internal memory.
19. The more complex a product is in general (and a DBMS, in particular, is complex), the more difficult it is to
understand and correctly apply its features. As a result of this complexity, serious problems may result from
mistakes made by users and designers of the DBMS.
20. In a nondatabase environment, each user has a completely separate system; the failure of any single user’s system
does not necessarily affect any other user. On the other hand, if several users are sharing the same database, a failure
on the part of any one user that damages the database in some way might affect all the other users.
21. The great complexity of a database structure makes recovery more difficult. In addition, many users update the data
at the same time, which means that recovering the database involves not only restoring it to the last state in which it
was known to be correct, but also performing the complex task of redoing all the updates made since that time.
22. [Critical Thinking] Answers will differ but students should have reasons for their responses. Any error to a student
transcript/record, such as incorrect grade, courses not listed correctly; incorrect contact information could be an error
that may cause a student to lose a job opportunity, a scholarship, or a loan. It also could affect whether they
graduate.

23. [Critical Thinking] No. The only attributes that would be the same would be contact and demographic information
such as, name, address, phone number, age, and gender. Other attributes are specific to the database context. A
medical database would have attributes to describe, for example, health conditions, previous appointments, lab
results. and medications. A student database would have attributes to describe, for example, courses taken, advisor,
gpa, number of credits, and academic major. A fitness database would have attributes to describe for example,
membership level, athletic ability, fitness classes, fees, and liability waivers.

Answers to TAL Distributors Exercises

Note: Data and solution files are available at www.cengage.com. Data files consist of copies of the TAL Distributors,
Colonial Adventure Tours, and Solmaris Condominium Group databases that are usable in Access 2010 and Access 2013,
and script files to create the tables and data in these databases in other systems, such as Oracle.

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Concepts of Database Management, Eighth Edition Solutions 1-3

1. Toys Galore, The Everything Shop, Johnson’s Department Store, Grove Historical Museum Store, Cards and More,
Cricket Gift Shop, Unique Gifts, and All Season Gifts
2. Patience, Mancala, and Cribbage Set
3. 51617, 51623
4. DR67, Giant Star Brain Teaser, $766.80; FH24, Puzzle Gift Set, $2531.75; KD34, Pentominoes Brain Teaser,
$897.00; MT03, Zauberkasten Brain Teaser, $2,060.55
5. The Everything Shop, Almondton General Store
6. Grove Historical Museum Store
7. $11,406.35 ($1210.25 Toys Galore; $5,025.75 Cards and More; $4,234.60 Cress Store; $935.75 All Season Gifts)
8. 51608, 10/12/2015, 126, Toys Galore; 51610, 10/12/2015, 334, The Everything Shop; 51613, 10/13/2015, 386,
Johnson’s Department Store; 51614, 10/13/2015, 260, Brookings Direct; 51617, 10/15/2015, 586, Almondton
General Store; 51619, 10/15/2015, 126, Toys Galore; 51623, 10/15/2015, 586, Almondton General Store; 51625,
10/16/2015, 796, Unique Gifts
9. 51613, 10/13/2015, 386, Johnson’s Department Store; 51614, 10/13/2015, 260, Brookings Direct
10. 51617, Almondton General Store, Hui Tian; 51619, Toys Galore, Rafael Campos; 51623, Almondton General Store,
Hui Tian
11. [Critical Thinking] Answers will vary but students should have reasons for their responses. Telephone number and
email address are the most obvious choices for contact information.
12. [Critical Thinking] Answers will vary but students should have reasons for their responses. Employee is the most
obvious entity to add to the database. Another entity is department, that is, the department in which the employee
works.

Answers to Colonial Adventure Tours Case

Note: Data and solution files are available at www.cengage.com. Data files consist of copies of the TAL Distributors,
Colonial Adventure Tours, and Solmaris Condominium Group databases that are usable in Access 2010 and Access 2013,
and script files to create the tables and data in these databases in other systems, such as Oracle.
1. Abrams, Devon, Marston, Rowan, Stevens, Unser
2. Bloomfield - Maidstone, Chocorua Lake Tour, Mason’s Farm, Lake Mephremagog Tour, Long Pond Tour, Lower
Pond Tour, Missisquoi River - VT, Northern Forest Canoe Trail, Pontook Reservoir Tour
3. Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Baldpate Mountain, Bloomfield – Maidstone, Cadillac Mountain, Mason’s Farm, Lake
Mephremagog Tour, Lower Pond Tour, Metacomet-Monadnock Trail Hike, Park Loop Ride, Pontook Reservoir
Tour, Pondicherry Trail Ride, Westfield River Loop
4. Bradbury Mountain Ride, Park Loop Ride
5. Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Mt Ascutney - West Peak, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Cherry Pond, Lake Mephremagog
Tour, Mount Cardigan Hike, McLennan Reservation Hike, Missisquoi River – VT, Pondicherry Trail Ride, Seal
Beach Harbor, Sawyer River Ride
6. Mt Ascutney - West Peak, Bradbury Mountain Ride, Blueberry Mountain, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Cannon Mtn,
Huguenot Head Hikde, Low Bald Spot Hike, Mount Battie Ride, Mount Cardigan Hike, Mount Garfield Hike,
Sawyer River Ride
7. 6 (2 for CT and 4 for VT)
8. Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Long Pond, McLennan Reservation Hike
9. Bradbury Mountain Ride, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Mount Battie Ride, Westfield River Loop
10. Gernowski, Mt. Cardigan - Firescrew, Orange; Bretton-Borak, Tamworth

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Concepts of Database Management, Eighth Edition Solutions 1-4

11. 13
12. Arethusa Falls, Hiking, Zach Gregory, Hal Rowan; Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Hiking, Miles Abrams, Lori Stevens;
Bradbury Mountain Ride, Biking, Rita Boyers, Zach Gregory; Baldpate Mountain, Hiking, Susan Kiley, Glory
Unser; Chocorua Lake Tour, Paddling, Harley Devon, Susan Kiley, Glory Unser
13. Siam Bretton-Borak, Sawyer River Ride, Biking, Chocorua Lake Tour, Paddling; Brianne Brown, Sawyer River
Ride, Biking, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Hiking; Karen Busa, Mount Garfield Hike, Hiking, Mount Battie Ride,
Biking; Clement Chau, Long Pond, Hiking, Cadillac Mountain Ride, Biking; Sadie Gernowski, Bradbury Mountain
Ride, Biking, Mt. Cardigan - Firescrew, Hiking; Ryan Goff, Mount Cardigan Hike, Hiking, Crawford Path
Presidentials Hike, Hiking; Liam Northfold, Wachusett Mountain, Hiking, Long Pond, Hiking; Arnold Ocean, Mt
Ascutney - West Peak, Hiking, Mt Ascutney - North Peak, Hiking
14. Busa, Mount Battie Ride, Biking; Gernowski, Bradbury Mountain Ride, Biking
15. Gernowski, Chau, Brown, Marchand, Busa
16. [Critical Thinking] No. You can calculate the total price by adding the trip price and the other fees and then
multiplying by the number of people.
17. [Critical Thinking] You would place the trip cost field in the Trip table.

Answers to Solmaris Condominium Group Case

Note: Data and solution files are available at www.cengage.com. Data files consist of copies of the TAL Distributors,
Colonial Adventure Tours, and Solmaris Condominium Group databases that are usable in Access 2010 and Access 2013,
and script files to create the tables and data in these databases in other systems, such as Oracle.
1. AD057, Adney, Bruce and Jean; AN175, Anderson, Bill; BL720, Blake, Jack; EL025, Elend, Bill and Sandy;
FE182, Feenstra, Daniel; JU092, Juarez, Maria; KE122, Kelly, Alyssa; NO225, Norton, Peter and Caitlin; RO123,
Robinson, Mike and Jane; SM072, Smeltz, Jim and Cathy; TR222, Trent, Michael; WS032, Wilson, Henry and
Karen
2. 3, 5, 8, 13, and 14
3. Smeltz, Jim and Cathy, 922 Garland Dr.; Wilson, Henry and Karen, 25 Nichols St.
4. Anderson, Bill, Brunswick; Robinson, Mike and Jane, Springs
5. Anderson, Bill, Brunswick; Trent, Michael, Glander Bay
6. A01, A03, B01, C01, C02, C06
7. Elend, Bill and Sandy, 201; Feenstra, Daniel, 405; Smeltz, Jim and Cathy, B01
8. 1, 201, EL025; 2, A03, TR222
9. 9, 725; 14, 1,540
10. 2, Elend (there are two service requests for CondoID 2 with the word pantry in the description)
11. [Critical Thinking] If the service fees are dependent on the type of service, the service fees would be an attribute in
the ServiceCategory table.
12. [Critical Thinking] Location supervisor attributes would be in the Location table.

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted
in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
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