Modes of teaching and learning

Introduction
Teaching is a system of actions which induce learning through interpersonal
relationships. It is a purposeful social and professional activity. The ultimate
goal of teaching is to bring about development of a child.
The total task of teaching is to provide a conducive environment to child for
learning and helping him in exploring his potential.
face-to-face mode : (in person learning)
It is an instructional method where course content and learning material
are taught in person to a group of students. This allows for a live interaction
between a learner and an instructor. It is the most traditional type of learning
instruction. Learners benefit from a greater level of interaction with their
fellow students as well. In face-to-face learning, students are held
accountable for their progress at the class’s specific meeting date and time.
Face-to-face learning ensures a better understanding and recollection of
lesson content and gives class members a chance to bond with one another.
Role of Teacher :
As guide, instructor, facilitator, presenter , communicator, manager,
researcher,examiner
Examples: seminar ,lecture,workshop,presentation,group work,
demonstration etc.
Advantages :
 students get greater understanding over concepts.
 Greater chance of completing the course successfully within a
particular time.
 Students get chance to share their experience.
 Learner can access more information
 Direct interaction
 Immediate feedback
 Students and teachers create a bond with one another.
 Concentration is high
 Active engagement and collaborative work.
 Learners feel more comfortable.
Disadvantages :
  Expensive.
 Geographic constraints .
 Time schedule is less flexible.
 If class size is large then interaction is less.
 Teaching learning style may not fit everyone .

Distance mode: Distance learning, form of education in which the main

elements include physical separation of teachers and students during
instruction and the use of various technologies to facilitate student-teacher
and student-student communication. Distance learning traditionally has
focused on nontraditional students, such as full-time workers, military
personnel, and nonresidents or individuals in remote regions who are unable
to attend classroom lectures. However, distance learning has become an
established part of the educational world, with trends pointing to ongoing
growth.
Four characteristics distinguish distance learning.

First, distance learning is by definition carried out through institutions; it is

not self-study or a nonacademic learning environment. The institutions may
or may not offer traditional classroom-based instruction as well, but they are
eligible for accreditation by the same agencies as those employing
traditional methods.

Second, geographic separation is inherent in distance learning, and time

may also separate students and teachers. Accessibility and convenience are
important advantages of this mode of education. Well-designed programs
can also bridge intellectual, cultural, and social differences between
students.

interactive telecommunications connect individuals within a learning group

and with the teacher. Most often, electronic communications, such as e-mail,
are used, but traditional forms of communication, such as the postal system,
may also play a role. Whatever the medium, interaction is essential to
distance education, as it is to any education. The connections of learners,
teachers, and instructional resources become less dependent on physical
proximity as communications systems become more sophisticated and
widely available; consequently, the Internet, mobile phones, and e-mail have
contributed to the rapid growth in distance learning.

Finally, distance education, like any education, establishes a learning group,

sometimes called a learning community, which is composed of students, a
teacher, and instructional resources—i.e., the books, audio, video, and
graphic displays that allow the student to access the content of
instruction. Social networking on the Internet promotes the idea of
community building. On sites such as Facebook and YouTube, users
construct profiles, identify members (“friends”) with whom they share a
connection, and build new communities of like-minded persons. In the
distance learning setting, such networking can enable students’ connections
with each other and thereby reduce their sense of isolation.

Types:

Synchronous

Synchronous distance learning refers to the real-time delivery of lectures. You

will have live communications with your teachers. This learning model needs
teleconferencing and other similar technologies.

Synchronous distance learning allows for face-to-face contact with instructors

and classmates. As such, however, it is not as flexible as some learners may
desire since you have to encounter your teachers and classmates at the
scheduled time.

Asynchronous

With asynchronous distance learning, learners advance through the

curriculum at their own pace. You will receive weekly deadlines, and
therefore, you can work at your desired speed and schedule.

There is no scheduled time for accessing the course content. However, you
may interact through video comments, quizzes, and conversations.

Advantages

• Easy access

• Earning while learning

 • Flexible system

• Self learning

• Useful for remote areas

• Reduces burden

• Equality of educational opportunities

• Economical

Disadvantages

• Neglect practical experience

• Limited awareness

• Limited study centre

• No suitable discussion

• No suggestion

• Less interaction between instructor & learners

• No frequent review

Oral/aural mode:

Oral refers to speaking . Aural refers to hearing.

Language is the means by which we express our thoughts . language skills-

listening , speaking, reading, writing.

Hearing and speaking in teaching and learning have special importance. The
process of listening and speaking goes together.
When we speak something in front of children they listen. In every sphere of
life, speaking is the biggest need of a person.

Teaching method: story telling , question answer , lecture method, discussion

method.

Objectives:

 To develop the ability to receive summeries by listening.

 To create interest in literature

 To develop mental and intellectual developmet of the students.

 To exchange ideas

 Simple and clear communication.

To overcome difficulties faced by hearing impared students there are

several techniques used in teaching learning process:

 Auditory/Oral - These programs teach children to make maximum use of

their residual hearing through amplification (hearing aids or cochlear
implants), to augment their residual hearing with speech (lip) reading, and to
speak. This approach excludes the use of sign language. The philosophy
behind the Auditory/Oral method is to prepare children to work and live in a
predominately hearing society.
 Auditory/Verbal - The auditory/verbal approach is similar to the
auditory/oral approach, except it does not encourage lip-reading. This
method emphasizes the exclusive use of auditory skills through one-on-one
teaching. It excludes the use of sign language, while emphasizing the
importance of placing children in the regular classroom ("mainstream
education") as soon as possible.
 Cued Speech - This is a visual communication system combining eight
handshapes (cues) that represent different sounds of speech. These cues are
used simultaneously with speaking. The hand shapes help the child
distinguish sounds that look the same on the lips-such as "p" and "b". The
use of cues ignificantly enhances lip-reading ability. It is a particularly good
system for
a child who may not be able to learn entirely though amplified earing.
 Total Communication - Total communication uses a combination of
methods to teach a child, including a form of sign language, finger spelling,
speech reading, speaking and amplification.
Digital mode:

Digital learning is a product of technology. However, it is different from

online learning or just digital learning. In digital learning, a student learns
with the help of digital technologies. It may involve online classes, electronic
study materials in the form of audio-video lectures, and textbooks and
notebooks for referencing. It is a combination of Blended and virtual
learning. On the other hand, Digital e-learning is a learning technique that is
totally dependent and facilitated by electronic material. Teachers and
students do not meet each other physically and communicate with the help
of electronic devices only.

The use of the Internet and innovation of Artificial Intelligence has

transformed the world of education and made digital e-learning a possibility.

Types :

Adaptive Learning – Adaptive learning is a way of learning controlled and

guided by Artificial Intelligence. Adaptive Learning comprehends a student’s
level of understanding, her strength, and weaknesses based on her response
to questions. It then provides systematic delivery of content that is easy for
the students to understand.

Badging and Gamification – Badging and gamification is a motivational

way of learning where a student is given digital badges for her performance
in academics. The incentive of collective badges keeps students motivated
toward learning.

E-Textbook – E-textbook is an updated and modern version of traditional

textbooks. Numerous research studies by colleges and other educational
institutions found that e-textbooks will soon surpass traditional textbooks. e-
textbooks are better because they are cost-effective, easy to use and
handle, non-perishable, and very easy to update to keep pace with changing
scenarios.

Blended Learning – Blended learning is a combination of the best

processes of online and traditional methods of learning. Here, teachers teach
a student through online classes and by meeting them in in-person
classrooms.

Online Learning – Online learning helps a learner advance their learning

with the help of the Internet. In online learning, lessons are mostly pre-
recorded, and a learner can attend on-demand lectures.

Digital Technologies in The Classroom

Classrooms are becoming modernized with the help of technologies like

virtual reality, augmented reality, 3D printing, cloud computing, and social
networking. These technologies help keep students engaged in education
and save them from any distractions. Teachers have observed that with the
help of digital technology, students are able to understand their lessons
clearly. It also helps in quick understanding and retention of the topics
learned by a student.

Interactive Whiteboards – Interactive whiteboards allow images from a

computer to be displayed through a digital projector onto a large wall-
mounted board. While using it, one can interact with the content on the
board using their fingers or a stylus.
Software Applications – There are multiple applications available to assist
students in their learning process. These applications are designed to
operate on mobile, tablets, or computers.

The Internet also offers all those services available on the Internet which
were not previously available e.g., podcasts, blogs, wikis, etc.

Teaching in a Digital Age

Today, teaching has gone online. The demand for online education has also
led to a surge in a platform to equip teachers with skills necessary for
teaching online. While teaching in digital age, a teacher needs to keep in
mind a few things. What are they?

 Think from a student’s perspective – While taking an online class,

it is particularly important for a teacher to think from a student’s
perspective. This helps a teacher understand better the needs of the
student and what will help the students comprehend a lesson easily.
 Effective use of technology – In an online class, it is important that
a teacher makes effective use of technology that aids online education
such as video lectures, animation even movies for subjects like
humanities.

Ex: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) · Small private online courses (SPOCs) ·
Mobile learning · Simulated learning etc .

Advantages

• Personalized learning
• Make students smarter
• Motivate students
• Better engagement
• Make students acquainted with digital technologies & tools
• Flexible learning
• Innovative content

Disadvantages

• Lack of self discipline

• Expensive
• Lack of direct interaction
• Not accessible for all