SHS STEM - BIOLOGY 1

Quarter 1 – Module 16:

FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME
ACTIVITY

i
General Biology 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 16: FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ABILITY

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITER: Aira B. Bellen

REVIEWERS/EDITORS: Rowena D. Manaog

Ma. Lota C. Monte
Freddierick C. Apuli
Jade Alberto

LAYOUT ARTISTS: Jay Mark Base

Jonathan Roda
Jessica De Ocampo
“Determine how factors such as pH, temperature, and
substrate affect enzyme activity.”
STEM_BIO11/12-li-j-19
 FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY

In the previous module, you learned everything about

enzymes. We all know that enzymes are vital for life and
serves a wide range of important functions in the body,
such as aiding in fighting germs, digestion, and
metabolism. Some enzymes help break large molecules
into smaller pieces that are more easily absorbed by the
body. Other enzymes help bind two molecules.
But did you know that enzymes can also be affected by
some factors?
together to produce a new molecule. Enzymes are highly
selective
catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a
Inspecific
this self-learning
reaction. module, you will be able to learn
about some factors that affect the activity of enzymes in
different processes.

OBJECTIVES :

At the end of this module, it is expected that you are able to:

1. Identify factors that involved in enzyme activity

2. Explain how these factors affect the enzyme activity in most processes

1
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. The enzymes become denatured if the temperature is _______ compared to
its optimum temperature.
a. too high or too low c. too low
b. too high d. moderately high

2. Enzymes need certain environmental conditions in order to function properly.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a. they die c. they denature
b. they change their amino acid d. they work better
sequence

3. What happens when an enzyme changes shape?

a. The reaction speeds up
b. The enzyme dies
c. The reaction slows down
d. The enzyme has to change back its shape to work

4. Which of these is NOT true?

a. Enzymes can denature (change shape) when the temperature gets too
high
b. Enzymes can only be used once in a chemical reaction.
c. Extreme pH can denature enzymes.
d. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

5. Enzyme A digests proteins in the stomach (environment with a pH of 2).

Enzyme B digests proteins in the small intestine (environment with a pH of 8).
Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Enzyme A would be denatured in the small intestine.
b. Enzyme A can also work in the small intestine
c. Enzyme A works best in acidic conditions.
d. Enzyme A helps in the hydrolysis of proteins

How did you find the pre-test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section and see how you did. Don’t
worry if you got a low score, this just means that there are more things that you
can learn from this module. So, hop on!

2
 Previously, you encountered about enzymes – biological
molecules that significantly speed up the rate of chemical
reactions that take place within cells. You also came
across its different components. Before proceeding with
the next lesson, let us first recall what you have learned on
those lessons by watching the video below.

“Enzymes | Cells | Biology |

FuseSchool”
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=rlH1ym916Fo

I hope the video helped you in recalling the previous lesson. Now let us begin our
learning activity part. Get your pen or pencil and answer the following activity.

ACTIVITY 1: FIND ME!

In this lesson, you are going
to encounter some significant
terms which are important in
the discussion of enzyme
activity. Using the hints
presented, complete the
crossword puzzle to reveal
these terms.

3
Horizontal:
1. part of the enzyme where the substrate binds
4. acidic, neutral, basic
5. molecule acted upon by an enzyme
7. amount of a substance component in a defined space
Vertical:
2. hot or cold; thermometer
3. catalyst that speed up chemical reaction
6. means controls, prevents, restrains, arrests, or regulates in biology

Did you get the correct answers? Do not

forget those terms because it will help you
in understanding the lesson.
Ready for the next activities? Let’s get
started!

Before you begin with the learning activities, take note of the following
reminders:

• Prepare your phones, laptops, or computers that can

be used in the following activities.
• Make sure that your devices are connected to your
internet connectivity for you to access the links for
videos, articles, etc.
• Do not forget your pen and paper. It is a must!
• As you learn, do not forget to enjoy each activity.

GOOD LUCK!

4
ACTIVITY #1.
Enzyme activity can be affected by a variety of factors, such as temperature,
pH, concentrations and inhibitors. In this activity, read the statements on the right
side and place the letter/s on the box in the center of the statement that you think best
describes the factor icon. You may use your references or the internet to look up for
the answers. Good luck.

A. Changing this factor outside the enzyme‘s

1. optimum range will slow enzyme activity.

B. Decreasing this factor slows down a

reaction

temperature
C. This factor at an optimum pH, near neutral
causes
enzymes to catalyze a reaction most rapidly.
2. D. Increasing this factor will speed up the
reaction as long as there is substrate
available to bind to
enzymes to catalyze a reaction most rapidly.
pH E. At the saturation point, the reaction will not
speed up, no matter how much of this factor
is added.
3.
F. Increasing this factor can cause an enzyme
to lose its shape (denature) and stop working.

substrate concentration
G. Increasing this factor, the greater should
be the initial reaction rate and will last as long
4. as substrate present.

H. This factor‘s graph of the reaction rate will

plateau.

enzyme concentration

5
ACTIVITY 2.
Study the graphs of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and
enzyme concentration to the reaction rate of the enzymatic/enzyme activity. Describe
each graph on the spaces provided.

6
 How’s your exploring activities? Let me help you with
the ideas you gained from the activities to clear up
your misconceptions.

Enzymes work best within specific temperature and pH ranges, and sub-optimal
conditions that can cause an enzyme to lose its ability to bind to a substrate.
Determinants of the Factors Affecting Enzyme Activities

• Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering

temperature slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can
cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working. Most enzymes
have an optimum temperature (temperature at which a procedure is best carried
out on the action of an enzyme), near normal body temperature at which they
catalyze a reaction most rapidly.

Figure 1. Effect of temperature to enzyme activity

• pH (abbr. power of hydrogen or potential for hydrogen): Each enzyme has an

optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity.
Extreme pH values can cause enzymes to denature. Even small pH changes can
alter the electrical charges on various chemical groups in enzyme molecules,
thereby altering the enzyme‘s ability to bind its substrate and catalyze a reaction.
Enzymes catalyze a reaction most rapidly at an optimum pH, near neutral.

7
 Figure 2. Effect of pH to enzyme activity

• Substrate concentration: Increasing substrate concentration also increase the

rate of reaction to a certain point. Once all of the enzymes have bound, any
substrate increase will have no effect on the rate of reaction, as the available
enzymes will be saturated and working at their maximum rate. At the saturation
point, the reaction will not speed up, no matter how much additional substrate is
added. The graph of the reaction rate will plateau.

Figure 3. Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme

activity

• Enzyme concentration: Increasing enzyme concentration will speed up the

reaction, as long as there is substrate available to bind to. Once all of the substrate
is bound, the reaction will no longer speed up, since there will be nothing for
additional enzymes to bind to.

8
 The higher the concentration of an enzyme the greater should be the initial
reaction rate. This will last as long as substrate present

Figure 4. Effect of enzyme concentration to enzyme activity

• Effect of Activators
Some of the enzymes require certain inorganic metallic cations, like Mg 2+, Mn2+,
Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Na+, K+ etc., for their optimum activity. Rarely, anions are also
needed for enzyme activity, e.g. a chloride ion (CI–) for amylase

• “Biology- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48x8ddi_Ur4

• “Factors that influence Enzyme Activity including

Temperature | Biology”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLEu3n5cxaI

• “GCSE Biology - Factors that Affect Enzymes #12”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qq1foXnvJao

Based on what you have learned in the previous

activities and from the discussion above, I
believe you can now answer the following
exercises

9
WORKSHEET:
1. Consider the graph on the right:
Label the optimum temperature for the
enzyme as ‘A’
Label the point at which the enzyme has
been completely denatured as B

2. Explain why the rate of reaction initially increases with temperature

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. The graph below shows rate of reaction
data for two different enzymes. One of
these enzymes are found in the stomach,
the other is found in the mouth.
a. Which of these lines is more likely to
indicate the enzyme found in the
stomach? Explain your answer.
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
b. Both these enzymes have the same optimum pH, true or false? Justify your
answer.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. Explain, in terms of bonding, why the rate of reaction gradually falls once the
pH increases above the optimum rather than denaturing straight away
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

10
 You may refer to the following vocabulary words used in this module:

activator - substance that increases the activity of a catalyst; for example,

a substance that - by binding to an allosteric site on an enzyme - enables
the active site of the enzyme to bind to the substrate.
active site - part of the enzyme where the substrate binds; pocket or crevice
on an enzyme molecule that fits reactant molecules like a hand in a glove;
lowers the activation energy for reaction
concentration - amount of a substance component in a defined space
denature - breaking of many of the weak H bonds within an enzyme, that
are responsible for the highly ordered structure of the enzyme
(denaturation)
optimum - most conducive to a favorable outcome; best
rate of reaction - the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds
substrate - molecule acted upon by an enzyme

IDENTIFICATION. Read the statements carefully. Write the factor that is being
described in the statement on the blanks provided.

__________________1. Increasing this factor can cause an enzyme to lose its shape
(denature) and stop working.
________________ 2. Increasing this factor, the greater should be the initial reaction
rate and will last as long as substrate present.
________________ 3. Changing this factor outside the enzyme‘s optimum range will
slow enzyme activity.
________________ 4. Decreasing this factor slows down a reaction

11
________________ 5. This factor‘s graph of the reaction rate will plateau.

ESSAY. Choose two factors then explain how it affects the rate of reaction of an
enzyme. (5-8 sentences)

12
 MULTIPLE CHOICE.
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. B
Learning Activities Answer Keys

ACTIVITY: FIND ME!

ACTIVITY #1:
1. B, F
2. A, C
3. E, H
4. D, G

13
 ACTIVITY #2:

Possible answer: Possible answer:

As the temperature rises, the rate As the pH level rises, the rate of
of reaction of the enzyme speeds up but reaction of the enzyme speeds up but
lowers down when it reaches its highest lowers down when it reaches its highest
temperature. level

Possible answer: Possible answer:

As the substrate concentration As the enzyme concentration
rises, the rate of reaction of the enzyme rises, the rate of reaction of the enzyme
speeds up quickly then stays, forming a also speeds up
plateau

14
 WORKSHEET:
1.

2. As temperature increases the molecules have more energy

- So collide more often
- And with more energy
- Meaning more successful collisions and a faster rate

3. A. - The solid black line; as that is at a lower pH and the stomach is very
acidic, with a pH of 2
B. False

4. The bonds around the active site start to break

- So the active site changes shape
- Which means that the substrate can no longer fit as well
- And so less enzyme-substrate complexes will form and less product will be
made

IDENTIFICATION.
1. Temperature
2. Enzyme concentration
3. pH
4. Temperature
5. Substrate concentration
ESSAY. Answers may vary

15
Chemistry Glossary (n.d.) Retrieved from:
https://glossary.periodni.com/dictionary.php

Enzyme Activity (2020). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from:

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Th
e_Basics_of_GOB_Chemistry_(Ball_et_al.)/18%3A_Amino_Acids_Proteins_a
nd_Enzymes/18.07%3A_Enzyme_Activity

Enzyme Activity (n.d.). BioNinja. Retrieved from: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-

level/topic-2-molecular-biology/25-enzymes/enzyme-activity.html

Enzymes review (n.d.) Khan Academy. Retrieved from:

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-energy-and-
transport/hs-enzymes/a/hs-enzymes-review

Factors affecting enzymes (2019). Quizzizz. Retrieved from:

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5d88de16891a61001a038369/factors-
affecting-enzymes

Factors Affecting Enzyme Action (n.d.) Nagwa. Retrieved from:

https://www.nagwa.com/en/lessons/240189532934/

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity (n.d.) A Level Biology. Retrieved from:

https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/factors-affecting-enzyme-activity/#0---factor-
1-concentration-of-enzyme--

IMAGE CREDITS:
Front Page:
Amylase enzyme: https://cdn3.vectorstock.com/i/1000x1000/23/87/amylase-is-a-
molecular-chemical-formula-enzyme-vector-22182387.jpg
Temperature: https://library.kissclipart.com/20180831/slq/kissclipart-temperature-
icon-png-clipart-temperature-thermomet-ae8cc3d4adf1d8a2.png
pH: https://icon-library.com/images/ph-icon/ph-icon-5.jpg
Active site and substrate: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/25-2.png
Body:
Graphs: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/25-
enzymes/enzyme-activity.html

16